一种制备植物扫描电镜样品的新干燥法：叔丁醇冻结干燥法

叔丁醇冻结干燥法用于植物材料,获得了良好的效果。经常规固定的样品完成脱水以后浸泡在叔丁醇中,然后将含醇样品放入电冰箱中冷冻,待叔丁醇凝固后再转移到真空镀膜机的钟罩里,用机械泵抽真空,冻结的醇在低真空中升华后样品得到了干燥。SEM 镜检表明,样品的表面和细胞断裂面及其深层(可见到内质网的双层膜、线粒体的嵴、高尔基体潴泡叠层、核糖体颗粒等细胞器)的三维图象均优于用临界点干燥法所得到的样品图象,叔丁醇冻结干燥法用于植物 SEM 样品制备,是一种操作简单,干燥质量可靠、值得推广的方法。     

植物细胞壁富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白（HRGP）的电子显微镜观察

本文介绍了一种简单可行的,用以观察和鉴定一种植物细胞壁蛋白质－富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白（HRGP）的方法,胡萝卜HRGP属于一种伸展蛋白（extensin)。通过简化的装置将HRGP喷射到云母片上,再经旋转投影,使其在透射电子显微镜下呈现为棒状分子（rod-like molecule),经电镜观察和测量表明,HRGP的分子长度为87nm。     

葫芦科8属11种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜,对葫芦科8属10种1变种植物的花粉形态进行观察研究。结果显示:冬瓜属、葫芦属和栝楼属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔沟;苦瓜属、西瓜属和丝瓜属的花粉粒为长球形,具3沟;黄瓜属的花粉粒为近球形,具3孔;南瓜属的花粉粒为球形,具散孔。花粉粒大小、形状和外壁雕纹属、种间差异显著。     

高分子量激肽原富含组氨酸区域抑制细胞伸展的机制分析

活化型高分子量激肽原 (activehighmolecularweightkininogen ,HKa)是组织培养板上体外连接蛋白 (vitronectin ,VN)促使细胞伸展的潜在抑制物 ,已证实轻链的富含组氨酸区域 (histidine richdomain ,HRD)是HKa抗细胞伸展的活性区域 .HK的重组HRD (r HRD)能够促使成纤维细胞伸展 .通过基于HRD序列的选择肽分析 ,定位了HRD的细胞伸展序列 .5个肽中的 3个能够使TIG 3细胞伸展 .P 1肽引起的细胞伸展能够被可溶性P 5肽或HKa所抑制 .P 2肽不能抑制P 1或P 5肽引起的细胞伸展 .r HRD以及 3种肽介导的细胞伸展能够被RGD合成肽以及抗αvβ3或α5β1整合素抗体所抑制 .结果提示 ,选择肽引起的细胞伸展是由整合素介导的 ,尽管此区域不含有RGD序列     

蜘蛛抱蛋属植物叶表皮微形态的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电子显微镜下,观察9种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的叶表皮微形态。结果表明,9种植物叶下表皮的细胞都为长方形,垂直壁为直的,垂周界限为凸的,外层周壁凹陷。气孔椭圆形至卵圆形,气孔外拱盖表面多平滑,其内缘近平滑、浅波状或锯齿波状;角质膜多为脊状条纹、有的外层周壁有横纹或颗粒。气孔大小与染色体的倍性有一定的正相关关系。不同种间叶表皮特征表现出一定差异,对种的划分有一定的分类鉴定意义。     

三种石杉属植物孢子形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对采自湖北省利川市的蛇足石杉Huperzia serrata（Thunb.ex Murray）Trev.、皱边石杉H.crispate（Ching ex H.S.Kung）Ching和四川石杉H.sutchueniana（Herter）Ching3种植物孢子的大小、形态及表面纹饰等方面进行观察测量,并对每个种孢子形态特征进行了描述。结果表明,3种石杉属植物孢子均为四面体型、三裂缝、辐射对称,表面纹饰均呈穴状。不同种在孢子大小、裂缝长度、孔穴深浅程度以及辐射间区凹陷程度上存在差异。因孢子形态是稳定的,可作为种间划分的重要依据,同时,也为蕨类植物孢子形态学的研究提供参考。     

高淀粉膳食对血浆胰岛素、cAMP含量及组织cAMP代谢的影响

对高淀粉膳食(糖占总热量80％)对大鼠血脂、胰岛素及cAMP代谢的影响进行了研究。大鼠摄取高淀粉膳食3天,空腹血浆岛素及甘油三酯含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01;P<0.01)。6天后血浆甘油三酯含量增高近四倍(P<0.01),而血浆、肌肉和脂肪组织cAMP含量低于对照组,分别减低38％,45％和32％(P<0.05;P<0.05,0.1相似文献   

玉米灌浆期水分差异供应对籽粒淀粉积累及其酶活性的影响

利用普通玉米(Zay mays)‘掖单22’和高油玉米‘高油115’,研究了灌浆期水分差异供应对籽粒淀粉及其组分积累、相关酶活性动态变化的影响。结果表明,两种类型玉米淀粉积累和酶活性动态变化趋势基本一致,但对水分的反应有差异。缺水提高了‘掖单22’籽粒中淀粉、支链淀粉含量,而直链淀粉含量下降,‘高油115’则是籽粒中的淀粉含量、支链淀粉和直链淀粉含量提高;充分供水使淀粉及其组分产量提高;叶片中蔗糖合成酶(SS)、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性随水分供应水平而提高,尤其在授粉后10~30 d增幅更加明显。充分供水明显提高籽粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPG-PPase)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDPG-PPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和淀粉粒结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性,缺水使籽粒中酶活性下降较早且迅速;SPS、ADPG-PPase、SSS酶活性对缺水反应比较敏感。     

高油、高淀粉玉米吸硫特性及施硫对其产量、品质的影响

研究了高油、高淀粉玉米硫素的吸收分配及施硫对籽粒产量、品质的作用。结果表明：在11250kg/hm^2的产量水平下,开花前硫素吸收量占总吸收量的百分比平均为57.53%,花后对硫的吸收较强;高油1号、长单26、掖单13每公顷吸硫量分别为：32.46kg、34.94kg,34.20kg。施硫能增加穗粒数和粒重（高油玉米粒重增加不显著）,并显著提高其产量,施硫22.5kg/hm^2（S1）能使籽粒含油率和蛋白质含量分别比对照提高9.05%和6.88%,蛋白质中清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量提高,品质改善;施硫量增至90kg/hm^2(S2)时,籽粒含油率和蛋白质含量仍有提高,但蛋白质中醇溶蛋白含量增加,蛋白质品质降低。     

扫描电子显微镜植物材料的一种化学干燥技术

扫描电镜新鲜生物材料的制备,一般都要经过干燥处理,其目的主要是使样品不产生收缩畸变,以使样品的形态结构保持在生活状态,如此获得的样品图像才自然真实。现代广为应用的扫描电镜生物样品的干燥方法是临界点干燥(CPD)法。另外还有莰烯干燥法、乙腈干燥法和叔丁醇干燥法等。Jemes(1983)应用化学试剂六甲基二硅胺烷(nexamthyl disilazane,简称 HMDS),分子式[(CH_3)_3Si]_2对昆虫组织进行干燥处理并     

In situ Imaging of Pea Starch in Seeds

A method has been developed for the in situ imaging of starch in dry seeds by exploiting the tight packing of the starch and protein storage reserves within the cells of the embryo. The method can be adapted to prepare seed samples which are suitable for light microscopy (birefringence and iodine staining), scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Its potential for imaging the internal structure of starch granules without any prior isolation process is demonstrated for round smooth peas. Using a standard ultramicrotome, thin sections were cut directly from selected regions of dry pea seeds and examined by light microscopy before and after hydration. The sectioning procedure left a planed surface with the internal structure of the starch granules exposed. This material was examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy directly or after controlled hydration. In the hydrated pea samples, the growth ring structure and blocklet sub-structure of individual starch granules within the seed were visualised directly by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the effects of hydration and staining were monitored and have been used to introduce contrast into the images. The observations have revealed new information on the blocklet distribution within pea starch granules and the physical origins of the growth ring structure of the granules: the blocklet distribution suggests that the granules contain alternating bands with different levels of crystallinity, rather than alternating amorphous and crystalline growth rings.     

A benign approach to the preparation of freshwater bryozoan statoblasts for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging

Abstract

Several different species of freshwater Bryozoa, belonging to the genera Plumatella, Rumarcanella and Fredericella, were detected within the Northern Mallee Pipeline (NMP) system in Victoria, Australia, that required definitive identification. These organisms produce asexual buds called statoblasts, with valves composed of sclerotised chitin that bear minute micro-ornamentations of considerable taxonomical significance. Imaging and analysis of these distinctive micro-ornamentations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is often employed for species identification. Meticulous preparation of statoblast samples is therefore required that necessitates the removal of adhering debris, dehydration and drying—whilst mitigating specimen damage and distortion. This technical note describes an approach whereby each of these three steps have been individually designed to be as benign as possible, using mild detergent/sonication to remove debris, a gradual and gentle dehydration procedure using ethanol, and critical point drying. For the overall process, these methods are chosen to optimise control and to minimise the use of harsh and hazardous chemicals.     

The Surface structure of isolated pancreatic islet cells

Summary The surfaces of isolated pancreatic islet cells were studied with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Islets were isolated from the pancreas of Wistar rats by collagenase treatment and were incubated either in glucose-free medium or in 300 mg% glucose for one hour. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the media of both control and experimental preparations was assayed. Islets were then transferred to 4% glutaraldehyde, buffered with cacodylate, pH 7.4, and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cell masses average 200 in diameter. Alpha cells appear pyramidal in shape, are about 8 in diameter and appear in groups. Beta cells are round or oval in shape and have an average diameter of 10 . Glucose stimulation raised the IRI value tenfold and increased the number of blebs and other surface irregularities per unit area of beta cell surface. Comparison with transmission electron micrographs suggests that the blebs are related to the process of emiocytosis.Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant AM-10151.