黑米中花青苷色素的测定方法研究

以 4种黑米为实验材料 ,用酸性乙醇作为提取溶剂 ,以色价值为色素含量的评价依据 ,研究了时间、温度、提取批次和脱脂对黑米中花青苷色素提取的影响。结果表明 :80℃ ,酸性乙醇 ,6 0min重复提取 2次 ,可实现 90 %以上的色素溶出。在最大吸收峰 5 35nm处测定提取液的ABS值 ,计算色价 ,作为黑米中花青苷色素的测定方法 ,可用于黑米品质分析     

增强UV-B对矮牵牛花瓣中生理生化物质变化的影响

比较研究了普通光照(CK)和增强UV-B处理条件下,粉红色矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)花瓣中花色素苷、辅色素、丙二醛和还原糖的含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化.结果表明,UV-B照射处理组花瓣中花色素苷、辅色素和还原糖含量均高于对照(CK),PAL活性增强,叶面积、叶宽和周长均小于对照组,MDA含量则低于对照组.综合分析表明,粉红色矮牵牛承受增强UV-B处理有一个阈值,大致为960.5 kJ?m-2;并且花色素苷和辅色素的作用不同,花色素苷以抗氧化为主,而辅色素以对UV-B的屏蔽作用为主.     

若干因子对鸡冠花悬浮培养中花色素苷积累的影响

本文研究几种植物生长调节剂和蔗糖浓度对鸡冠花细胞悬浮培养中花色素苷积累的影响。结果表明,细胞分裂素KT使花色素苷积累明显高于6-BA,且KT在2 μmol/L时积累量最高;2,4-D在2 μmol/L时对花色素苷积累效果明显,其它浓度的2,4-D和NAA对花色素苷积累效果不明显。高浓度蔗糖有利于花色素苷积累;MS+2,4-D(2 μmol/L)+KT(2 μmol/L)+蔗糖(292 mmol/L)为鸡冠花悬浮细胞培养生产花色素苷的最佳培养基。研究中还发现,在黑暗条件培养下无花色素苷积累,推断光是诱导花色素苷积累的主要因素。随着继代次数的增加,花色素苷含量明显增高,但到第4代时基本稳定。     

遮荫对紫叶李幼苗叶片色素含量及光合速率的影响

以露地栽培的1年生紫叶李和绿叶李为试材,研究了全光照(CK)、中度遮荫(透光率为43%)、重度遮荫(透光率为27%)处理下叶片色素含量及净光合速率的变化.结果表明:在夏季,各处理紫叶李幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量随遮荫时间的延长逐渐升高,花色素苷含量、花色素苷含量/叶绿素含量比值降低;在秋季,各处理紫叶李幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量先升高后降低,而花色素苷含量、花色素苷含量/叶绿素含量比值则先降低后升高.在夏秋两季,紫叶李3种色素含量均高于绿叶李,全光照下的紫叶李叶片花色素苷含量、花色素苷含量/叶绿素含量比值及净光合速率日积分值均高于遮荫处理.紫叶李具备一定的喜光性,全光照环境有利于其彩色的呈现和光合性能的发挥.     

小苍兰花色色素成分及稳定性分析

以小苍兰(Freesia refracta)16个不同花色品种及后代为试验材料,对花瓣色素用特征显色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描,分析其色素的成分和花色素苷的稳定性.结果表明,小苍兰花色的色素属于类黄酮化合物,含黄酮和花色素苷类物质,可能含有异黄酮,不含黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、查耳酮和橙酮,其中黄色系品种及后代还含有类胡萝卜素.避光下小苍兰花色素苷的稳定性要强于光照;温度对花瓣色素的稳定性有一定的影响.     

欧洲卫矛叶片花色素苷组分鉴定及稳定性分析

以欧洲卫矛的品种"矮生卫矛"为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱-VWD检测-电喷雾电离质谱连用技术(HPLC-VWD-ESI-MS)分析欧洲卫矛叶片花色素苷组分,探讨花色素苷最佳的浸提条件和不同理化因子对叶片花色素苷稳定性的影响,以期为欧洲卫矛叶片花色素苷的开发提供参考。结果表明,欧洲卫矛叶片中共有6种花色素苷,分别是飞燕草-3-丙二酸酰葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-乙酰葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-香豆酰葡芸香糖苷;叶片花色素苷的提取液以1%盐酸甲醇最佳,适宜提取时间为9～10 h;在黑暗及自然光下稳定性高于日光灯条件下;强酸性条件下能保持高稳定性;花色素苷在低于35℃时稳定性好,高温利于花色素苷的显色;对氧化剂、还原剂的耐受性差,随着氧化还原剂浓度的上升,提取液颜色逐渐变浅;大多数金属离子对花色素苷有较好的护色效果,Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)对花色素苷溶液呈色影响较大。     

不同溶剂和保存条件对尾叶悬钩子花色素苷提取及稳定性的影响

对尾叶悬钩子(Rubus caudifolius Wuzhi)鲜果中花色素苷的提取条件、主要化学组分及pH值、温度、没食子酸和Al^3 对其颜色及稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨。结果表明,尾叶悬钩子花色素苷的主要组分可能为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷;pH值和温度影响该花色素苷的色泽及其稳定性,随着pH值和温度的增加,其分解加剧,且花色素苷的分解均遵循动力学一级反应规律;添加不同浓度的Al^3 ,色素溶液的吸光值有所升高,显示出有一定的增色效应,但Al^3 和没食子酸对贮藏期间花色素苷的稳定性及色泽均无明显效果。     

枫香秋季变色期叶色变化及其生理基础

为探究秋季枫叶呈色的关键生理因素,该文以转色期叶色为绿色、黄色和红色的枫香单株为试材,研究了L^*、a^*、b^*值变化与叶片色素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量变化的相关性。结果表明:(1)在变色期,3种色彩枫香叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素均大量降解,花色素苷不同程度积累。(2)绿色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素始终保持较高含量,花色素苷含量上升4.2倍,叶片内色素含量比值始终保持稳定; 黄色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最低,花色素苷含量上升4.4倍,b^*值与叶绿素含量极显著负相关,与类胡萝卜素含量显著负相关,与花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值极显著正相关; 红色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量略高于黄色叶单株,花色素苷含量上升27.2倍,a^*值与叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量极显著负相关,与花色素苷含量显著正相关,与色素含量比值无显著相关性。(3)红色叶单株具有较高的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。因此,在枫香叶片变色期,保持较高的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,维持色素含量比值稳定使叶片呈现绿色; 叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的大量降解,以及花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值的升高使叶片呈现黄色; 叶绿素的降解和花色素苷的大量合成使叶片呈现红色。     

叶片花色素苷对植物光合作用影响的研究进展

近年来,花色素苷在彩叶植物呈色机制的研究中备受关注,但目前有关其对彩叶植物光合特性影响的机制仍缺乏系统的评述。本文简单介绍了花色素苷的基本特性,并基于国内外相关研究进展,综述了叶片花色素苷对植物光合特性的影响机制及其对叶片光合机构的保护意义,对彩叶植物光合作用的研究方向提出了建磷。     

外源脱落酸对桃果实着色及相关基因表达的影响

以‘美香’桃为试验材料,于果实着色前用1 000、500、300mg/L的脱落酸(ABA)溶液处理果实,研究了ABA处理促进桃果皮着色的效果以及对果皮花色素苷合成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明:ABA处理显著提高了成熟果实可溶性固形物含量和果皮花色素苷含量;明显改善了果实着色,且以1 000mg/L效果最为明显。ABA处理显著促进了查尔酮合成酶基因(CHS)和二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因(DFR)的前期转录水平,同时促进了类黄酮葡萄糖苷转移酶基因(UFGT)和花色素合成酶基因(LDOX)表达高峰的前移。据此推测ABA可能参与了桃果实花色素苷合成的调控,对花色素苷合成具有促进作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

棉铃虫钙粘蛋白N端多肽多克隆抗体制备及对Bt抗性的初步检测

用重组表达的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽片段制备兔多克隆抗体,并利用其对Bt抗性进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR方法对棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽的基因片段Cad285进行PCR扩增,将其克隆到pET-30a原核表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,得到35ku的重组融和蛋白,融合表达的包涵体经过变性、Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化、复性等方法处理包涵体,获得可溶性纯化蛋白,用纯化后蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测其效价高于1∶16000;利用最终获得的多克隆抗体对室内纯合Bt抗/感品系的棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白进行Western blot分析,结果显示敏感和抗性品系之间有明显差异,表明其能够应用对Bt抗性进行初步检测。     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.     

青蒿素生物合成机理研究现状

本文总结了目前有关青蒿素生物合成机理方面的研究,主要包括青蒿素生物合成中生理因子的影响,青蒿素生物合成中间体及前体,青蒿素生物合成细胞定位等。指出了存在的一些问题及今后的研究发展前景。     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.