萹蓄的化学成分研究

从药用植物蓄 (Polygonumaviculare)全草的丙酮提取物中分离鉴定了 10个化合物 ,经波谱学鉴定为 :山奈酚 (kaempferol) (1) ,槲皮素 (quercetin) (2 ) ,胡桃宁 (juglanin) (3) ,黄芪甙 (astragalin) (4) ,蓄甙 (avicularin) (5 ) ,槲皮甙 (quercetrin) (6 ) ,杨梅树皮甙 (myricitrin) (7) ,desmanthin 1(8) ,loliolide(9)和丁香脂素 (syringaresinol) (10 )。其中 ,化合物 (8) ,(9) ,(10 )为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

紫毛香茶菜中的黄酮类化合物

从紫毛香茶菜（Isodon enanderianus)的茎叶提取物中分离到7个黄酮类化合物,经波谱分析鉴定,其中一个为新的黄酮甙,即5-羟基-6,7,4-三甲氧基黄酮-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（1）;其它6个已知的黄酮类化合物分别为芫花素（genkwanin,2)、滨蓟素（cirsimar-tin,3)、胡麻素（pedalitin,4)、鼬瓣花亭（ladanetin,5)、isothymusin-8-O-β-D-glucoside（6）和槲皮甙（quercitrin,7)。     

萹蓄抑菌活性及化学成分研究

本文研究萹蓄Polygonum aviculare L.乙酸乙酯萃取部位的抑菌活性和化学成分。采用打孔法进行抑菌活性实验,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,并根据理化性质、光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果萹蓄乙酸乙酯部位对五种试验菌均显示一定的抑菌活性,并从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为没食子酸甲酯(1)、β-胡萝卜甙(2)、山柰酚(3)、槲皮素(4)、没食子酸(5)、萹蓄苷(6)、槲皮苷(7)、myricetin 3-O-(3'-O-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside(8)、杨梅树皮苷(9)、胡桃宁(10)。其中化合物1和8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物8为首次从蓼科蓼属植物中分离得到。     

红背山麻杆叶的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)——黄酮和苯乙醇苷类化合物

采用80％丙酮提取物的水萃取部位,利用凝胶、MCI、反相碳18、及 Toyopearl Butyl-650C 柱色谱进行分离纯化得到7个黄酮和3个苯乙醇苷类化合物。根据化合物的波谱数据分析鉴定为槲皮素(1)、槲皮苷(2)、异懈皮苷(3)、芦丁(4)、异牡荆素(5)、牡荆素(6)、木犀草素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、2-phenethylβ-D-glucoside(8)、icariside D1(9)、2-苯乙基-D-芸香甙(10)。其中化合物1-3、5-6、8-10为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

杜仲叶片6种主要活性成分的遗传变异研究

该研究采用方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法,对105份杜仲种质资源叶片6种主要活性成分含量进行比较分析,探讨其遗传变异特征,为叶用杜仲的良种选育及开发利用提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)不同种质间杜仲叶片6种活性成分含量的变异程度不同,异槲皮苷含量变异系数(34.42%)最大,变异幅度为1.16~6.92mg·g~(-1),总黄酮变异系数(19.35%)最低,变异幅度为6.70~22.53mg·g~(-1);6种活性成分多样性指数较高,均在2.0以上;不同种质间杜仲叶6种活性成分含量差异性均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。(2)不同地理来源间杜仲叶片的绿原酸、京尼平苷酸、车叶草苷、异槲皮苷和总黄酮含量存在显著差异。(3)相关性分析表明,3种环烯醚萜类化合物桃叶珊瑚苷、京尼平苷酸及车叶草苷的含量间呈极显著正相关关系;绿原酸与桃叶珊瑚苷、车叶草苷、异槲皮苷、总黄酮间呈极显著正相关关系;总黄酮与异槲皮苷呈极显著正相关关系。(4)根据杜仲叶片6种活性成分的含量聚类,将杜仲种质资源分为4大类群,其中类群Ⅳ为高含量类群,可为优良叶用杜仲资源筛选提供参考。研究表明,杜仲种质资源叶片主要活性成分存在较大变异,表现出丰富的多样性。     

纤枝金丝桃化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

为了探究滇产植物纤枝金丝桃的物质基础,寻找活性化合物,该文用80%乙醇对纤枝金丝桃地上部分浸渍提取,应用HP-20大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶、半制备高效液相等色谱技术对纤枝金丝桃的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:(1)从纤枝金丝桃中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为attenuatumione G(1)、uralodin B(2)、chipericumin C(3)、2,5-二羟基-1-甲氧基氧杂蒽酮(4)、1,7-二羟基氧杂蒽酮(5)、1,7-二羟基-4-甲氧基氧杂蒽酮(6)、槲皮苷(7)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-(6″-O-乙酰基)-葡萄糖苷(9)、木犀草素(10)、槲皮素(11)、白桦脂酸(12)、白桦脂酸甲酯(13)、白桦脂酮酸(14)、β-谷甾醇(15)。化合物1-14为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)采用MTT法对化合物1-14进行体外抗乳腺癌活性测试,结果仅显示化合物3、6、13对2种乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和MDA-MB-231有一定的抑制作用,其IC_(50)值为48.6~123.5μg·mL^(-1)。该研究结果对综合开发利用纤枝金丝桃资源具有理论和应用意义。     

异槲皮苷对叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

研究异槲皮苷对叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)诱导的L-02细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。体外培养L-02细胞,采用t-BHP(100μmol/L)作用24 h,建立L-02细胞氧化损伤模型,分为正常对照组、模型组(100μmol/L tBHP)、阳性对照(10μmol/L维生素E)组和不同浓度异槲皮苷(1、10、100μmol/L)预处理组。采用MTT法检测细胞活力,通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,活性氧(ROS)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性。与模型组比较,异槲皮苷显著提高细胞存活率(P0.05),降低ROS和MDA含量及LDH的外漏(P0.05),明显增加GSH-Px和SOD活性(P0.05)。异槲皮苷能够上调Sirt6表达,降低NF-κBp65含量。异槲皮苷能够保护t-BHP诱导的L-02细胞氧化损伤,其作用可能与提高清除ROS能力,调控Sirt6和NF-κBp65水平相关。     

火棘化学成分的研究

从火棘叶中分离得到四种化合物(晶1～4),经UV,IR,NMR和MS等方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别是芦丁(晶1),芒甙(晶2),异槲皮甙(晶3)和槲皮素(晶4)。以上四种成分均为首次由该植物中分得。     

思茅藤的化学成分研究

从思茅藤(Epigynum auritum (schneid.)Tsiang et P.T.Li)的茎皮中分离到一个新的化合物,命名为思茅藤甙(Epigcoside)Ⅰ和已知化合物Ⅱ。通过光谱分析和化学反应证明,其结构为Ⅰ(+)—儿茶素-3-O-α-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→6)-β-D葡萄吡喃糖甙((+)-catchin—3-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β—D-glucopyranoside;Ⅱβ-谷甾醇β-D-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside)。     

异槲皮苷调控线粒体动力学逆转造影剂所致大鼠急性肾损伤

探究异槲皮苷对造影剂所致大鼠急性肾损伤的治疗作用及机制,通过建立碘普罗胺370注射液诱发的大鼠造影剂所致肾病模型,采用每天25、50 mg/kg异槲皮苷和阳性药N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)进行预处理治疗,检测大鼠肾脏血肌酐水平、组织形态学、丙二醛(MDA)和H₂O₂水平、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)水平;采用原位末端缺刻标记法(TUNEL)、半胱天冬酶3(caspase-3)活性检测肾脏组织的凋亡情况;免疫组织化学检测多腺苷二磷酸多聚酶(Cleaved PARP)、线粒体融合蛋白2(MFN2)和线粒体动力相关蛋白1(DRP1)的表达和免疫印迹法检测肾脏组织MFN2和DRP1的表达。结果表明：异槲皮苷可以有效减轻造影剂碘普罗胺所致的急性肾损伤,缓解肾脏组织的氧化应激状态,改善线粒体动力学失衡。本研究结果将为异槲皮苷进一步被开发成为造影剂所致肾病急性肾损伤的治疗药物提供理论基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.