Length‐weight relationships of three cyprinid fishes from headwater of the Nujiang River,China

Length‐weight relationships (LWR) for three cyprinid fish species collected from the headwaters of the Nujiang River in Tibet, China, were determined. The values of parameter b in the LWR equations were estimated as 2.54 for Schizopygopsis thermalis, 3.3 for Ptychobarbus kaznakovi, and 2.74 for Schizothorax nukiangensis, respectively. These are the first LWR records for the three species.     

Length‐weight relationships of three cyprinid fishes from Sirwan River,Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces in western Iran

The length–weight relationships (LWR) for three fish species collected in Sirwan River, located in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, western Iran, were estimated. The values of the slope parameter (b) in the length–weight relationship equations were determined as 3.086 for Alburnus mossulensis, 3.382 for Alburnus filippii and 3.425 for Capoeta damascina, all significantly different from the expected b = 3 value, indicating a positive allometric growth pattern for all the three species.     

Genetic structure of locally threatened cyprinid,Osteochilus melanopleurus,in Peninsular Malaysia River systems inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region

The genetic structure of the locally threatened cyprinid Osteochilus melanopleurus, collected from four locations (Gerik, Manong, Bernam and Kahang) in Peninsular Malaysia River systems, was assessed based on partial sequences of the control region (D-loop) mitochondrial DNA. A partial D-loop of 364 base pair gene was extracted from 88 individuals through PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The results show that haplotype diversity (hd = 0.7956–0.9485) was high, with low nucleotide (π = 0.0045–0.0080) variation for each of the populations examined. A molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed few differences between the four populations. A Tajima D test and Fu Fs test were used to investigate the neutrality of each population, revealing that the all examined populations might experience recent population expansion or the bottleneck effect. A phylogeny tree and mismatch distribution analysis provided further evidence that three of four populations had recently expanded, as well as indicating that the Kahang population had in contrast remained stable. Overall, this study concludes that the populations of O. melanopleurus distributed throughout the river systems of Peninsular Malaysia probably originated from a single ancestral source during the last glaciation period, and should therefore be treated as a single evolutionary unit in any conservation efforts.     

Paraspinibarbus,a new genus of cyprinid fishes from the Red River basin

Paraspinibarbus, a new and monotypic genus, is erected forSpinibarbus macracanthus Pellegrin et Chevey, 1936, a cyprinid from the Red River basin. It is characterized by a procumbent predorsal spine and a very thick lower lip with a continuous postlabial groove.Balantiocheilus hekouensis Wu, 1977 is a junior subjective synonym ofParaspinibarbus macracanthus. A lectotype is designated forS. macracanthus.     

Karyotypes of three Garra species from Ethiopia

Three cyprinid species from Ethiopia, Garra dembeensis, G. makiensis , and G. quadrimaculata , were found to be characterized by the chromosome numbers (2n) of 50 and by the arm numbers of 82, 84, and 88, respectively.     

Karyotypes of some Cypriniform fishes from the water bodies of Armenia

Karyotypes of six species of Cypriniformes from the water bodies of Armenia—blackbrow Acanthalburnus microlepis, white bream Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica, chub Leuciscus cephalus orientalis, stone moroco Pseudorasbora parva, mursa Barbus mursa, and Angora stone loach Barbatula angorae were studied. The karyotype of A. microlepis is represented by 50 chromosomes (2n = 50), 10M + 28SM + 12STA, NF = 88; of B. bjoerkna transcaucasica, by 2n = 50, 12M + 24SM + 14STA, NF = 86; of L. cephalus orientalis, by 2n = 50, 12M + 18SM + 20STA, NF = 80; of P. parva, by 2n = 50, 8M + 16SM + 26STA, NF = 74; of B. mursa, by 2n = 100, 6M + 36SM + 58STA, NF = 142; and of B. angorae, by 2n = 50, 8M + 24SM + 18STA, NF = 86. The intraspecific and interspecific chromosome polymorphism of species of the genera Blicca, Leuciscus and Pseudorasbora is described.     

Evaluation of two tagging/marking techniques,and their practical application in Osteochilus hasselti C. & V. (cyprinidae) population estimates and movement at Subang reservoir,Malaysia

Experiments evaluate the effects of two tagging/marking techniques on Osteochilus hasselti C. & V. at Subang Reservoir, Malaysia. Based on suitability, the staple tag and fluorescent pigment were used in short-term studies on population estimates and movement of the fish respectively. The discrete population of Osteochilus hasselti at one sampling station, Garong Panjang, is 1709 individuals during the survey period. The marked fish exhibit limited movement. The average distance moved is 15 meters, with most fish heading upstream. The average maximum dimension of the movement range is = 46 ± 8 meters at night and = 28 ± 5 meters in the day.     

珍珠菜属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种珍珠菜属 (Lysimachia)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中点腺过路黄 (LysimachiahemsleyanaMaxim .)染色体核型 2n =2 2 =2m +4sm +8st+8t,聚花过路黄 (L .congestifloraHesmsl.)核型 2n =2 4=2m +2sm +1 0st+1 0t及山萝过路黄 (L .melampyroidesR .Knuth)染色体数目 2n =2 2 ,核型 2n =2 2 =4m +6sm +4st+8t,为首次报道。本文还分析了黄连花亚属 (subgen.Lysimachia) 2组 8种植物的核型 ,结果表明黄连花组(sect.Lysimachia)核型类型 1A ,过路黄组 (sect.Nummularia)核型类型 3A或 3B。     

Length–weight and length–length relationships of three cyprinid fishes from the Bibi‐Sayyedan River,western Iran

This study describes the length–weight and length–length relationships for three cyprinid species from the Bibi‐Sayyedan River (western Isfahan provinces, Iran). The slope parameter (b) values in the length–weight relationship equations were determined as 3.0729 for Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843; 2.8509 for Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843; and 3.0864 for Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843). This study presents the first LWR and LLR references for these species in the Bibi‐Sayyedan River.     

The influence of temperature on the embryonic development of three cyprinid fishes, Abramis brama, Chalcalburnus chalcoides mento and Vimba vimba

The influence of temperature on the embryonic development of three European cyprinid fishes, Abramis brama, Chalcalburnus chalcoides mento and Vimba vimba , was studied with respect to hatching efficiency and the functional relationship with the duration of development. The functional dependance of the duration of development on temperature is well described by a power function with a correcting constant for temperature. Comparison with published data for other cyprinids shows that the response of embryos to temperature, together with the various temperature controlled responses of adult fishes, is a valuable aid for the ecological characterization of the different species.     

Length‐weight relationships of two cyprinid fishes from the Beijiang River,Guangdong, China

This study reports the length‐weight relationships (LWRs) of Acrossocheilus beijiangensis Wu & Lin, 1977 and Barbodes semifasciolatus (Günther, 1868) from the upper reaches of Beijiang River, Guangdong Province, China. Sample sizes for the two fish species were 335 for A. beijiangensis and 106 for B. semifasciolatus. Fishes were collected on a monthly basis between November 2013 and December 2014 using gill nets (30 m long × 1.2 m high, mesh‐size 1.5 cm) and fish cages (mesh‐size 0.5 cm). LWRs were established as W = 0.0052L^3.3249 (r² = .9696) for A. beijiangensis and W = 0.0088L^3.2405 (r² = .9469) for B. semifasciolatus. No previous information is available on LWRs for these two species in FishBase.     

Karyotypes of two Antarctic fishes,Notothenia gibberifrons andNotothenia coriiceps neglecta

The chromosomes of two species of Antarctic fishes,Notothenia (Gobionotothen) gibberifrons andNotothenia (Notothenia) coriiceps neglecta, were prepared by the air-drying method at the Polish Antarctic Station “Henryk Arctowski” during the austral summer 1984–1985. ForN. (G.) gibberifrons the diploid number is2n = 46 consisting of 2 metacentric (m) pairs, 1 submetacentric (sm) pair and 20 telocentric (t) or subtelocentric (st) pairs. ForN. (N.) coriiceps neglecta the diploid number is 2n = 22 consisting of 9 m pairs, 1 sm pair and 1st pair. Some aspects of karyological evolution of these fishes are discussed.     

Contribution of temperature and nutrient loading to growth rate variation of three cyprinid fishes in a lowland river

Scales collected during a maximum of seven fish population surveys over a 25-year period (1983–2008) in the River Wensum, a lowland river in Eastern England, enabled temporal analysis of the growth rates of roach Rutilus rutilus, dace Leuciscus leuciscus and chub Leuciscus cephalus. Across the study period, all species showed temporal variability in their growth patterns. Roach showed a significant temporal decrease in their growth, where rates recorded in surveys in 2005 and 2008 were significantly slower those recorded in surveys between 1983 and 1994. This change in growth rate was significantly associated with the implementation of phosphate stripping in the catchment’s sewage treatment works that reduced nutrient inputs (specifically orthophosphate). Prior to the implementation, temperature patterns explained most of the annual growth variability; following implementation and a consequent shift to the less eutrophic conditions, this relationship was lost, with changes in annual phosphate loadings now explaining most of the annual growth variation. This suggests that the changes in roach growth rates were related to shifts in river productivity resulting from water quality improvements.     

New and known species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea,Dactylogyridae) from Iranian freshwater cyprinid fishes

Three new Dactylogyrus species, D. rectotrabus n. sp. and D. acinacus n. sp. from Garra rufa plus D. carassobarbi n. sp. from Carassobarbus luteus are described from River Dez (Persian Gulf Basin) of Iran. Three known species, D. haplogonus from Rutilus frisii kutum, D. chalcalburni from Alburnus alburnus and Alburnoides bipunctatus, and D. pavlovskyi from Barbus sharpeyi are recorded from the Rivers Sefid (Caspian Basin), Zayandeh (Central Iran) and Dez (Tigris-Euphrates Basin), respectively. Comments on the monogenean fauna of Iranian freshwater fishes are presented.     

Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: Variable karyotype patterns and evolutionary trends in the genus Osteochilus (Cyprinidae, Labeoninae, “Osteochilini”)

The Cyprinidae family is a highly diversified but demonstrably monophyletic lineage of cypriniform fishes. Among them, the genus Osteochilus contains 35 recognized valid species distributed from India, throughout Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesian archipelago to southern China. In this study, karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics of five Osteochilus species occurring in Thailand, namely O. lini, O. melanopleura, O. microcephalus, O. vittatus and O. waandersii were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Our results showed they possessed diploid chromosome number (2n) invariably 2n = 50, but the ratio of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes was highly variable among their karyotypes, indicating extensive chromosomal rearrangements. Only one chromosome pair bearing 5S rDNA sites occurred in most species, except O. melanopleura, where two sites were detected. In contrast, only one chromosomal pair bearing 18S rDNA sites were observed among their karyotypes, but in different positions. These cytogenetic patterns indicated that the cytogenomic divergence patterns of these Osteochilus species were largely corresponding to the inferred phylogenetic tree. Similarly, different patterns of the distributions of rDNAs and microsatellites across genomes of examined species as well as their different karyotype structures indicated significant evolutionary differentiation of Osteochilus genomes.