玉米异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶基因的克隆及其功能分析

以玉米嫩叶为材料,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了植物萜类物质前体生物合成过程最后一个关键酶--异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶(IPI)基因的全长cDNA,命名为ZmlPI(GenBank登录号为AY738148),该基因cDNA全长为1 382 bp,包含1 104 bp的开放阅读框,编码367个氨基酸残基.颜色互补分析表明ZmlPI能推动工程菌XLI-Blue pTreZmlPI pAC-BETA超量表达β-胡萝卜素,证实ZmIPI具有典型的IPI基因的功能.     

向日葵异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因(ipi)的电子克隆和生物信息学分析

用电子克隆方法获得向日葵异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶（IPI）基因,并用生物信息学方法对此基因编码产物从氨基酸组成、理化性质、二级和三级结构以及功能进行预测和分析的结果表明,向日葵IPI为亲水性α/β蛋白,含有IPP异构酶结构域,其与其他植物的IPI在序列组成、结构及活性位点均有高度的相似性。     

丹参异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因（SmIPI）的生物信息学及表达分析

异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶（IPI）是萜类合成途径的关键酶之一。本文在丹参转录组高通量数据分析的基础上,对丹参IPI基因（SmIPI）进行了克隆及序列分析。SmIPI脸长1234bp,包含681bp的开放读码框,编码226个氨基酸。生物信息学结构分析表明,SmIPI亲水性α／β蛋白,包含有IPI结构域,在序列组成、结构及活性位点等方面与其他植物的IPI均具有高度的相似性。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,SmIPI在丹参生长的各个时期和不同组织器官中差异表达,其表达受病原菌和茉莉酸甲酯的诱导。     

鸳鸯茉莉查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI)cDNA的克隆与生物信息学分析

采用RT-PCR与RACE技术克隆了鸳鸯茉莉(Brunfelsia acuminata)花瓣中查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI)的全长cDNA,GenBank登录号为JN887637。该基因全长1051 bp,含有1个792 bp的开放阅读框,编码263个氨基酸,为不稳定蛋白。对保守区功能区的分析,推导CHI蛋白具有查尔酮超级家族的保守结构域,二级结构预测显示其主要以α螺旋和β折叠为主。氨基酸同源性分析表明,鸳鸯茉莉CHI蛋白与矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)、金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)、甜樱桃(Prunus avium)、芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)、牡丹(P.suffruticosa)、菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)等植物的同源性分别达到90%、89%、84%、85%、84%、80%。因此,CHI基因可能与鸳鸯茉莉的花色形成有关。     

SOEing 法构建EGFP真核表达载体及其在杜氏盐藻中的表达

通过重叠区扩增基因拼接法（Gene splicing by overlap extension,SOEing）构建含有杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）硝酸盐还原酶（NR）基因5′-上游序列（Pnr）and 3′-端序列（Tnr）的EGFP真核表达载体,并将其转化杜氏盐藻。利用改进的SOEing法,将杜氏盐藻NR基因Pnr与报告基因EGFP cDNA融合,并与pEGM-7zf克隆载体连接,顺序将盐藻NR基因Tnr序列与融合片段相连,构建含Pnr-EGFP-Tnr表达盒的盐藻真核表达载体p7NET。电击法转化杜氏盐藻,在盐藻转化株中观察到了EGFP的瞬时表达。此研究为转基因杜氏盐藻研究和成功建立杜氏盐藻生物反应器奠定了实验基础。     

杜氏盐藻外源基因稳定表达系统的构建(英文)

A stable transformation system for the expression of foreign genes in the unicellular greenmarine alga (Dunaliella salina Teod.) was established. Using electroporation, the alga was transformed witha plasmid containing the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg） gene and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) gene as a selectable gene. PCR and Southern blotting analysis indicated that the HBsAEgene wasintegrated into the D. salina genome. Northern dotting analysis showed that the HBsAg gene was expressedat the mRNA level. The stable expression of HBsAg protein in transformants was confirmed by HBsAgenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (HBsAg EUSA) and Western blotting analysis. Also, PCR and Southernblotting analyses showed that the CA Tgene was integrated into the D, salina genome, and CAT EUSAindicated that CAT protein was stably expressed in the cells. The introduced HBsAg DNA and HBsAgprotein expression were stably maintained for at least 60 generations in media devoid of chloramphenicol.This is the first report of the stable expression of foreign genes in D. salina.     

盐藻小G蛋白基因(DsRab)的克隆及在高盐胁迫下的表达分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术扩增了杜氏盐藻小G蛋白基因cDNA全长序列(GenBank Accession No.JN989548),命名为DsRab,对其进行生物信息学分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测盐胁迫下该基因的表达情况。结果表明,DsRab基因的cDNA全长为1 299 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为612 bp,编码203个氨基酸,5’非编码区78 bp,3’非编码区609 bp;保守性结构域分析可知编码的小G蛋白有4个GTP/GDP保守结构域,1个效应区、1个羧基端的半胱氨酸结构域和5个Rab亚家族共有的结构域;二级结构预测表明该蛋白有32.02%的α-螺旋,23.65%的伸展片段,44.33%的自由卷曲,三维建模成功;比对分析发现DsRab蛋白与多种生物的Ypt/Rab的氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性。荧光定量PCR结果表明,盐藻在高盐(3.0 mol/L)胁迫下,DsRab基因表达量显著上调,1 h后表达量达到最大值,为正常培养下对照组(0 h)的4.9倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

沙棘HrTCP转录因子家族鉴定及其干旱胁迫下的表达分析

TCP家族是植物特有的响应高盐、干旱等非生物胁迫的重要转录因子.该研究基于沙棘转录组数据,利用生物信息学与qRT-PCR对HrTCP转录因子家族进行鉴定,预测其家族成员的结构和功能,为解析TCP转录因子调控沙棘抵御干旱胁迫的作用机制奠定基础.结果表明:(1)获得了 11个HrTCP转录因子成员,并命名为HrTCP2/4...     

水稻Xa21基因启动子序列分析及其在不同条件下的表达特征

以水稻品种‘日本晴’(Oryza sativa‘Nipponbare’)为实验材料,根据GenBank上公布的同品种水稻的基因组DNA序列设计1对引物,对水稻Xa21基因启动子进行克隆并测序,通过PCR扩增获得的Xa21基因启动子序列长1 982 bp,其中除包含启动子基本元件外,还包含一些与逆境信号相关的元件(GCC-box、A-box、TC-rich repeats、MBS、LTR和W-box等)。利用GUS组织化学染色和定量分析方法,研究了转基因水稻T1代株系不同器官和发育阶段Xa21基因启动子的表达特异性及其在不同逆境和激素处理条件下的表达特征,结果显示:在转基因水稻的叶、茎和根部均能检测到GUS活性,但根部GUS活性最高,特别是在根尖的中柱区活性最强;随苗龄增长(3叶期、5叶期和8至9叶期)叶片中GUS活性逐渐增加,8至9叶期GUS活性最高;机械损伤和100μmol.L-1茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理可使叶片中GUS活性显著或极显著提高,而干旱、500μmol.L-1水杨酸(SA)和100μmol.L-1脱落酸(ABA)处理则对叶片中GUS活性无明显影响。研究结果表明:外界逆境胁迫对水稻Xa21基因启动子的表达有诱导作用;该启动子的表达受水稻发育阶段的调控并具有一定的器官组织特异性,在根中的表达量最高;其介导的抗病反应依赖于茉莉酸(JA)信号通路。     

珊瑚藻R-藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析(英文)

依据珊瑚藻 (CorallinaofficinalisL .)藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB的DNA序列 (AF5 1 0 986 )设计引物 ,通过PCR RACE方法扩增得到rpeA和rpeB的cDNA序列 .序列分析表明 ,该序列采用多顺反子转录策略 ,全长 2 2 5 7bp(AF5 42 5 5 4) ,排布顺序为 5′UTR rpeB 间隔区 rpeA 3′UTR .5′非编码区 4 93bp ,rpeB基因 5 34bp ,基因间隔区 1 0 1bp ,rpeA基因 4 95bp ,3′非编码区 6 34bp .在rpeA和rpeB的基因起始密码子上游均存在类似原核核糖体结合的Shine Dalgarno (SD)序列 .在rpeA基因终止密码子下游 1 1 0bp处还存在着一个可能的开放阅读框架 .经检索GenBank发现 ,真核红藻藻红蛋白中尚无有关cDNA序列的报道     

Functional Analysis of Type 1 Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase from Halobacterium sp. NRC-1

Here we report the characterization of the type-1 isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase derived from Halobacterium sp. NRC-1. The expressed purified enzyme showed maximum isomerase activity in the presence of 1 M NaCl at 37 °C at pH 6.0. This type-1 enzyme appears to be the first for which the Co²⁺ ion is required for activity.     

Escherichia coli Open Reading Frame 696 Is idi, a Nonessential Gene Encoding Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and some bacteria, IPP is synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A by the mevalonate pathway. The subsequent isomerization of IPP to DMAPP activates the five-carbon isoprene unit for subsequent prenyl transfer reactions. In Escherichia coli, the isoprene unit is synthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by the recently discovered nonmevalonate pathway. An open reading frame (ORF696) encoding a putative IPP isomerase was identified in the E. coli chromosome at 65.3 min. ORF696 was cloned into an expression vector; the 20.5 kDa recombinant protein was purified in three steps, and its identity as an IPP isomerase was established biochemically. The gene for IPP isomerase, idi, is not clustered with other known genes for enzymes in the isoprenoid pathway. E. coli FH12 was constructed by disruption of the chromosomal idi gene with the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase gene and complemented by the wild-type idi gene on plasmid pFMH33 with a temperature-sensitive origin of replication. FH12/pFMH33 was able to grow at the restrictive temperature of 44 degrees C and FH12 lacking the plasmid grew on minimal medium, thereby establishing that idi is a nonessential gene. Although the V(max) of the bacterial protein was 20-fold lower than that of its yeast counterpart, the catalytic efficiencies of the two enzymes were similar through a counterbalance in K(m)s. The E. coli protein requires Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) for activity. The enzyme contains conserved cysteine and glutamate active-site residues found in other IPP isomerases.     

绿色杜氏藻DHDDS基因生物信息学分析及表达研究

绿色杜氏藻是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的单细胞绿藻,脱氢多萜醇焦磷酸合成酶(dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase,DHDDS)是其在类胡萝卜素合成途径中的相关酶。旨在研究DHDDS基因表达与类胡萝卜素含量之间的关系。提取绿色杜氏藻总RNA,通过转录组测序获得DHDDS基因全长,对该基因进行生物信息学分析;并用不同浓度甲基茉莉酸(Me JA)处理绿色杜氏藻,采用实时定量PCR研究该基因转录差异。结果显示,绿色杜氏藻DHDDS基因全长2 211 bp,含有一个1 740 bp长的开放阅读框(ORF),编码579个氨基酸序列。DHDDS蛋白质理论等电点为7.63,相对分子质量为62 472.7 Da。预测结果表明,DHDDS蛋白不含信号肽,也不存在跨膜区域,该蛋白定位于细胞质基质。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,绿色杜氏藻DHDDS蛋白与小球藻的同源性最高(59%)。实时定量PCR结果表明,经100μmol/L Me JA处理的绿色杜氏藻DHDDS表达水平最高,具有极显著差异;在该浓度下,类胡萝卜素含量均高于其他浓度组。且DHDDS基因的表达与类胡萝卜素含量呈一定的相关性。绿色杜氏藻DHDDS是一种定位于细胞质基质中的酶,其与绿色杜氏藻类胡萝卜素合成途径有关。在一定浓度范围的Me JA诱导下,低浓度的Me JA对其表达起促进作用,高浓度Me JA对其表达有抑制作用,且其表达与类胡萝卜素含量呈一定的相关性。     

A Novel Cytoplasmic Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase Gene from Tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum lycopersicum</Emphasis>): Cloning,Expression, and Color Complementation

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI; EC5.3.3.2) catalyzes isomerization between isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), both of which are essential precursors for terpenoid biosynthesis. A novel gene encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (designated as SlIPI) was isolated from tomato based on tentative consensus (TC183769) and unigene SGN-U569721 sequences. The SlIPI cDNA contained a 708-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 235-amino-acid protein. The deduced SlIPI protein had an isoelectric point of 5.06 and molecular weight of about 27.18 kDa. Amino acid sequence comparison analysis showed 83–95% similarity to IPIs from other plant species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SlIPI had the closest relationship to IPI from Nicotiana tabacum. The SlIPI was likely to be localized in cytoplasm; while, SlIPI2 contained a chloroplast transit peptide. A three dimensional structure modeling revealed that the structure of SlIPI was similar to that of SlIPI2. Tissue expression analysis indicated that SlIPI was constitutively expressed, with the highest expression level detected in the root. Heterologous expression of the recombinant SlIPI in engineered Escherichia coli resulted in the production and accumulation of carotenoid in E. coli, thus confirming that the SlIPI was a functional gene.     

Synthetic Pathway for Production of Five-Carbon Alcohols from Isopentenyl Diphosphate

Synthetic biological pathways could enhance the development of novel processes to produce chemicals from renewable resources. On the basis of models that describe the evolution of metabolic pathways and enzymes in nature, we developed a framework to rationally identify enzymes able to catalyze reactions on new substrates that overcomes one of the major bottlenecks in the assembly of a synthetic biological pathway. We verified the framework by implementing a pathway with two novel enzymatic reactions to convert isopentenyl diphosphate into 3-methyl-3-butenol, 3-methyl-2-butenol, and 3-methylbutanol. To overcome competition with native pathways that share the same substrate, we engineered two bifunctional enzymes that redirect metabolic flux toward the synthetic pathway. Taken together, our work demonstrates a new approach to the engineering of novel synthetic pathways in the cell.     

白桦HD-Zip基因家族生物信息学及应答盐胁迫分析

HD-Zip转录因子蛋白家族是植物特有的一类转录因子蛋白,在植物生长发育和抵抗逆境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要作用。利用白桦全基因组数据库,获得白桦35条HD-Zip蛋白序列,参考拟南芥中该家族的分类方法,将这些成员分成HD-ZipⅠ-Ⅳ四个亚家族,并对这些成员的蛋白保守结构域、氨基酸组成、染色体分布、和理化性质等进行了预测和分析。从高盐处理的白桦幼苗根组织的转录组数据,鉴定了7个差异表达的基因。本研究为进一步研究白桦HD-Zip家族基因调控白桦耐盐性的功能提供了理论支持。     

九台晚李PGIP基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

以九台晚李叶片基因组为模板,PGIP基因保守序列设计引物,PCR扩增到1条全长1192bp的目的片段(GenBank登录号:GU068978)。该基因包含有1个完整的开放阅读框,由2个外显子和1个内含子构成,外显子总长990bp,编码330个氨基酸,其编码的氨基酸序列中含有一段典型的亮氨酸重复序列。序列分析表明:该基因与中国李、杏、桃、马哈利樱桃、梅等李属植物的PGIP基因序列一致度达95%~99%。系统进化分析显示出属内亲缘关系较近、属间亲缘关系较远的特点。该序列为植物分子抗病育种提供了1条新的基因资源。