中性蛋白酶发酵工艺优化研究

采用正交试验,对枯草芽孢杆菌ＨＤ４０１中性蛋白酶深层发酵工艺进行了优化,结果表明：较优发酵培养基为玉米粉５％、豆饼粉３％、麸皮４％、Ｎａ_２ＨＰＯ_４０．４％、ＫＨ_２ＰＯ_４０．０３％;在发酵中期流加蚕蛹水解液５％、植酸钙０．２％、吐温－８００．１％,对发酵后期有较大的调控作用。采用优化工艺,在２Ｌ发酵罐中进行验证试验,酶活达１３２００ｕ／ｍｌ,比原工艺提高了１６４％。     

Ap—2号溶磷黑曲霉深层发酵工艺的研究

为了实现Ａｐ－２号磷菌肥的工业化生产,对Ａｐ－２号溶磷黑曲霉进行了深层发酵工艺的研究。确定了最佳发酵条件：Ｃ／Ｎ１０：１;菊花糖４％,黄豆饼粉２％,麸皮１％,酵母粉０．５％,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０５％,Ｋ２ＨＰ０４,０．１％,温度３０℃,ｐＨ６,摇床转数１８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,发酵９６小时,ｐＨ降至３．１,残糖降至１％以下,柠檬酸、草酸总量达３％以上,菌丝浓度达２．５ｇ／ｍｌ。采用ＥＳ－１５型自控发     

聚β—羟基丁酸产生菌Z5—GⅡ发酵条件的研究

对聚β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）产生菌Ｚ５－ＧⅡ的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化研究;结果表明：该菌株在蔗糖１％,酵母粉０．３％,酵母浸汁０．３％,Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４０．２％;ｐＨ７．２￣７．４的优化发酵培养基中,接种量８％,种２８ｈ,发酵培养３６ｈ,细胞干重为６．８７ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ产率可达的细胞干重的６１．８６％。该菌株还可利用葡萄糖生产废液为碳源生产ＰＨＢ,具有实现工业化生产的潜力。     

一株根霉产脂肪酶发酵条件的研究

通过对筛选出的一株根梅ＲｈｉｚｏｐｕｓＹ－９２产旨肪肪酶发酵２基组成（Ｃ,Ｎ,无机盐）及工艺条件的探索,并经正交实验,得到较优培养基配方为：蛋白胨６％,豆饼粉４％,葡萄糖１％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％,起始ＰＨ８．０,在此条件下,发酵液酶活可达９９．１５ｕ／ｍｌ,是初始酶活的１７８％。     

甜瓜的组织培养与快速繁殖

１植物名称甜瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｍｅｌｏ）品种“状元”。２材料类别顶芽、侧芽。３培养条件初代培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＩＡＡ０．２。增殖培养基：（２）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡＩ＋ＩＡＡ０．２。生根培养基：（３）Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ＋ＩＡＡ０．２;（４）Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ（无激素）。以上培养基ｐＨ均为５．８～６．０。琼脂浓度在（１）、（２）中为０．７％,在（３）、（４）中为０．６％;糖浓度在（１）、（２）中为３％,在（３）、（４）中为２％。培养温度均为（２５±３）℃,光照度２０００ｌｘ,光…     

多孔菌液体发酵的研究

多孔菌Ｐｏｌｙｐｒｏｕｓｅｌｅｇａｎｓ（Ｂｕｌｌ）Ｆｒ。是一种新开发的真菌类中药材资源,经对其几个主要液体发酵培养条件的筛选研究,初步得出多孔菌深层发酵的基础参数：ＰＨ５．６～０．１;温度２４～２８℃;培养基为麦麸２．５％,蔗糖４％,ＮＨ４ＮＯ３０．０５％,ＫＨ：ＰＯ４０．０５％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０２５％。另外,摇瓶种子培养条件是：ＰＨ５．６～６．１;温度２８℃;培养基为ＰＤＡ＋ＶＢ１,添加３‰琼脂,时间为９６ｈｒ。     

外源^65Zn进入土壤后的扩散及存在形态

利用６５Ｚｎ示踪和化学连续分级技术研究了外源Ｚｎ在褐土中的存在形态。结果表明交换态Ｚｎ（ＥＸ－Ｚｎ）和碳酸盐结合态Ｚｎ（ＣＡＲＢ－Ｚｎ）含量约占土壤总Ｚｎ量的６７－７２％．Ｚｎ投加量增加,土壤Ｚｎ的强度因数增大．反之,Ｚｎ的矿物形态增高．土壤水分４％和１００％时,土壤中Ｚｎ的扩散系数Ｄ分别是７．９×１０－８和６．６×１０－６ｃｍ２·ｓ－１．土壤水分含量在３０％和７０％时,Ｚｎ在施入点的平均停留时间分别是９ｄ和４ｄ．Ｚｎ的扩散程度（σ２）也随之从０增大到０．３７１．     

栀子蓝色素摇瓶生产条件的优化研究

对栀子蓝色素摇瓶发酵生产的培养基配方进行了优化研究。结果表明,在栀子基质溶液中添加１．５％的可溶性淀粉、０．７５％的胰蛋白胨和０．１０％的ＭｇＳＯ４,可使栀子蓝色素的摇瓶产量提高１５．６％。     

微生物发酵合成L－缬氨酸－~（15）N

采用含有稳定同位素￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵为主要氮源的专用发酵培养液配方和相应的工艺条件,在国内首次用微生物直接发酵研制成Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ高丰度精制产品。产品￣（１５）Ｎ丰度９７．６８％,反比原料￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵丰度下降０．５３％,Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ产酸率最高达４％以上（未校正）。每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得到１克以上的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ（分析值）。提取精制收率平均为８０－９０％（单程）,最高达到９５％以上（二次提取）。实际每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得０．６克左右的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ精制产品。     

米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸

报道了Ｌ－乳酸菌株的分离与筛选,探讨了不同碳源、氮源、通气量、温度等发酵条件对产Ｌ－乳酸的影响,从７８株米根霉中筛选出１３株产Ｌ－乳酸较高的菌株,其中米根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓ ｏｒｙｚａｅ）Ｒｓ９２８产Ｌ－乳酸最高,产酸最稳定。试验结果表明,该菌株最适发酵培养组成（％）：淀粉水解糖１６,ＭｇＳＯ４ ０．０８,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ ０．０５,ＺｎＳＯ４ ０．０１,ＣａＣＯ３ ７,ｐＨ自然。在６０ｔ发酵罐中,     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.