海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球作为药物载体的研究进展

海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球是具有生物粘附性且能结合和传递大分子药物的天然高分子材料,且在生物医学领域具有广阔应用前景的药物载体。它具有生物黏附性、生物相容性、生物可降解性、对人体无毒性且能够结合和传递大分子药物的天然高分子材料。海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球作为载药微球具有提高药物的生物利用度、延长药物的作用时间等优点。国内外近些年已将其应用于药剂学领域,以及将其作为药物载体经微球化与药物结合形成给药系统的研究也在逐步开展并取得了较多成果。本文主要阐述海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球的主要生物特性、作用特点及其在医学领域中应用的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行探讨。     

葡萄糖氧化酶用于癌症多模式协同治疗研究进展

葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOx)是一种内源性氧化还原酶,由于其生物相容性好且对β-D-葡萄糖具有高效、专一的催化特性,已被广泛应用于生物医学领域.GOx能够高效催化葡萄糖氧化产生葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢(H2O2),从而有效消耗肿瘤区的葡萄糖,并清除肿瘤微环境中的氧气增强肿瘤乏氧,而葡萄糖酸的产生可以降...     

D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐水解条件的优化及组分分析

采用响应面分析法对H_2SO_4水解壳聚糖制备D-氨基葡萄糖胺硫酸盐工艺参数进行了优化,探索提取时间(min)、提取温度(℃)、物料比(m L/g)和H_2SO_4质量分数对D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐得率的影响,建立了提取D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐的二次项数学模型,得到最优提取工艺参数,并采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS)对H_2SO_4水解壳聚糖制备的组分进行初步分析。研究结果表明:H_2SO_4水解壳聚糖制备D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐的最佳工艺条件为H_2SO_4质量分数53.29%、物料比(m L/g)6∶1、温度88.31℃、时间6 h,在此工艺条件下的D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐得率为43.86%。影响D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐得率的因素主次顺序为温度、时间、H_2SO_4质量分数、物料比。用HPLC-MS测定提取物,首次发现H_2SO_4水解壳聚糖可得到D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐、葡萄糖胺和葡萄糖胺二聚糖硫酸盐混合物。     

透明质酸在组织工程领域的应用研究进展

透明质酸是由β(1-3)-N - 乙酰-D- 葡萄糖胺和 β(1-4)-D- 葡萄糖醛酸的双糖反复交替连接而构成的酸性黏多糖,广泛分布于脊 椎动物体内各种组织细胞间质中,具有重要生理功能。而外源性透明质酸具有理想的生物相容性和可降解性,其作为支架材料在组织工 程领域的应用具有独特优势。综述近年来透明质酸在组织工程不同领域的应用研究进展。     

基于壳聚糖的生物组装技术及应用研究进展

壳聚糖是一种具有良好生物相容性、独特pH值响应性、易改性和易成膜特性的高分子材料。在生物组装技术中,壳聚糖可作为多功能活性介体,与生物组分和微加工装置连接,制成高选择性、高灵敏度的生物微机电系统(BioMEMS)。以下介绍了基于壳聚糖的3种生物组装技术——定向组装、酶促组装、自组装的制备原理和过程,评述了基于壳聚糖的BioMEMS在生物、医学、环境领域中的应用现状,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

类弹性蛋白多肽及其在生物医学材料的应用

类弹性蛋白多肽是一种人造基因工程蛋白质聚合物,其结构主要由五肽重复串连序列单元 (GVGXP) 的这一肽段单元重复组成。由于具有可逆相变特征,并可进行高通量生产,加之良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性,使其在新型生物医学材料方面展示了广阔的应用前景。概括了类弹性蛋白多肽的相变机理、合成方法及在生物医学材料上的应用,重点阐述了类弹性蛋白多肽在组织工程、靶向肿瘤、构造药物载体微粒的应用。     

壳聚糖和明胶材料对血管平滑肌细胞的作用

壳聚糖是一种具有发展前景的生物材料。研究了不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖、明胶及壳聚糖与明胶共混材料对血管平滑肌细胞生长的促进作用。在不同材料上培养细胞,采集培养后第1天和第5天的图像．在培养24、72、120h时做MTT实验。此外,还用酶联免疫检测(ELISA)方法测量了材料吸附细胞外基质蛋白的数量,探讨细胞外基质蛋白在血管平滑肌细胞与材料相互作用中所起的作用。结果表明脱乙酰度高的壳聚糖材料能较好地促进血管平滑肌细胞的粘附、铺展和生长,可能是一种具有一定应用前景的血管组织工程研究用材料。     

壳聚糖接枝改性PET 人工韧带的表面结构与特性研究

目的:于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)人工韧带材料表面接枝壳聚糖长链分子,对改性PET人工韧带的表面结构与特性进行分析,以期为较好生物相容性的PET人工韧带材料的设计和研发奠定一定的理论基础和技术支持。方法:首先采用化学接枝法在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)织物表面接枝丙烯酸(PET-AAc),再与壳聚糖分子发生酰胺化反应实现PET表面的壳聚糖接枝(PET-CHI)。借助接触角、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对PET改性效果进行分析表征。结果:壳聚糖长链分子成功接枝到PET表面,壳聚糖在PET表面的接枝厚度为2.25μm,接枝量为9.66 wt%。结论:接枝改性后PET表面亲水性有较大提高,浸润性得到改善。     

多聚赖氨酸改性壳聚糖对神经细胞的作用

壳聚糖是一种具有优良的生物相容性的生物可降解材料。研究几种与壳聚糖相关的材料对神经细胞生长的促进作用。实验方法以在材料上培养神经细胞为主。选用胎鼠大脑皮层神经元和神经胶质瘤细胞9L。另外 ,本实验还使用ELISA法测量细胞外基质粘附分子在材料上的吸附量 ,并测量各材料的接触角以研究细胞在材料上的吸附和铺展。结果发现壳聚糖对神经细胞的生长有良好的促进作用 ,而壳聚糖表面涂敷多聚赖氨酸和壳聚糖与多聚赖氨酸混合材料是比壳聚糖更好的促神经细胞生长的生物材料 ,都是很有应用前景的神经修复材料。     

葡萄糖氨基醌类的合成

由于一般小分子醌属于脂溶性化合物,常不溶于水,不能直接静脉给药,限制了其临床应用。为此在各类醌母环上设法引入亲水性葡萄糖氨基,增强醌分子极性和溶解性,改善母体结构的生物活性。本文探讨了氨基葡萄糖对含不同结构类型芳环的对、邻醌亲核加成合成反应的影响。以四氯苯醌、2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌、1,4-萘醌、茜素、茜素红等醌类和氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为主要原料,吗啡啉和糠胺等为辅料。氨基葡萄糖与等物质的量四氯苯醌反应后,主要生成一元葡萄糖氨基取代三氯苯醌(b),(b)再与等物质的量糠胺或吗啡啉反应,得到具有杂环结构的葡萄糖氨基苯醌(d)和(e)。氨糖与等物质的量2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌反应可生成一元葡萄糖氨基取代萘醌(i)。而氨糖与等物质的量的1,4-萘醌、茜素及茜素红通过加成-氧化法可分别生成相应氨基醌(h)、(k)、(m)和(n)。加成-氧化法收率高于卤代醌取代法,分离操作相对简单。通过红外、紫外、质谱、核磁等检测手段对产物进行表征。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.