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1.
中国落新妇属的研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
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2.
落新妇是提取岩白菜素的主要原料,极易与升庥属和假升庥属植物混淆。本文进行了分类鉴定,并对入药的几种落新妇主要形态特征、分布作了介绍。  相似文献   

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4.
通过多年野外实地考察和资料统计分析,对蓼族植物在中国的地理分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,该类群在中国的分布具有一定规律。在水平分布上,物种数目由东北到西南呈逐渐增加的趋势,有6个高密度的分布区,集中沿横断山脉—秦巴山脉分布。除首乌属全国广泛分布外,其他各属或组均有其主要的分布区域。在垂直分布上,整个蓼族植物几乎都分布在海拔5 000 m以下。在海拔1 000~3 000 m,蓼族植物广泛分布,冰岛蓼属、拳参组、头状蓼组一年生型和神血宁组植物主要分布在海拔3 000 m以上,萹蓄组、春蓼组、刺蓼组、首乌属、虎杖属、金线草属和荞麦属主要分布在海拔1 000 m以下。  相似文献   

5.
甘蔗亚族的地理分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对甘蔗亚族植物在世界的分布状况和在中国的分布特点进行了讨论,通过分析甘蔗亚族各属种的分布区类型,认为亚洲东南部为甘蔗亚族的分布中心和多样性中心,同时对甘蔗亚族起源作了推测。  相似文献   

6.
桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布(续)   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
地 理 分 布 以上,我们对桦木科植物进行了分支分析,关于该科六属之间的关系有了比较清晰的认识,这是地理分布分析的基础之一。 经典分类和古植物方面的研究是地理分布分析的另外两类基础性资料。早在1904  相似文献   

7.
桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21  
本文对桦木科植物的研究历史作了详细的总结。在钻研文献的基础上,补充了部分系统学资料,使得花序、花、芬粉、叶表皮等各类性状能够在属间进行比较。根据外类群比较、和谐性分析等原则确定了性的演化极性,利用最大同步法和最小平行演化法对桦木科植物进行了分支分析。对各属的现代分布和地史分布作了描述,在此基础上,讨论了桦木科植物的分布中心、起源地、起源的时间和散布途径。作者试图回到遥远的晚白垩纪和早第三纪,从描绘  相似文献   

8.
乌头荠族植物的地理分布表明,其基本上是1个北温带的族,该族植物有14属,8个分布区类型,亚洲的中部及西北部一带,特别是伊朗-吐兰区的西北部,是其原始分布与分化的中心;欧洲中部;西北部及巴尔干半岛并散布到和北美洲的西北部是其次生的分布与分化中心。根据该族原始类群和生境的分布分析,推测以上地区有可能是这类植物的发源地。首次从环境气体的变化和该族形态特征演化探讨了现代分布格局的形成原因。  相似文献   

9.
小檗科魁臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以植物地理学资料为主,综合植物化学,细胞学,形态学及解剖学的等方面的资料,分析了小檗科鬼臼科现代地理分布格局产生的原因及其系统发育的影响,指出:(1)我国鬼臼亚科植物的多样性中心和分布中心,鬼臼亚科植物的现代地理分布格局是由于第三纪以来替代分布和长期隔离的结果;(2)在鬼臼亚科植物中,以山荷叶属最为原始,它通过两方向演化,一是保持其原来的异花授方向演化为足叶草属,另一方向是转向自花授粉,自山茶叶属  相似文献   

10.
棒络新妇生物学特性研究初报   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
棒络新妇1年一代,以卵在树干,叶片内越冬。卵期199-220天,4月下旬孵化。幼蛛八龄,8月中旬成熟,9月中旬产卵。幼蛛生活历期121.1天,成蛛寿命47-62天,雌雄比6:1。成蛛日食量0.7737克,是一些害虫的重要天敌。该蛛发生与气候,海拔高度,天敌等关系密切。采取封山林,禁止在林内使用化学农药,移动卵块庳大繁殖。  相似文献   

11.
         下载免费PDF全文
This paper deals with the phylogeny and geographic distribution of the Tribe Astilbeae. Based on the theory of evolution, the general evolutionary trends of the angiospermous characters and outgroup comparison Penthorum, the polarity of the characters of Trib. Astilbeae is determined. The basic chromosome number (x=8) of Penthorum may be considered as the primitive one; x = 7 (8-1 ) of Astilbe and x = 17 (8 + 9) of Astilboides have evidently evolved from Penthorum, whereas x = 15 (7 + 8) of Rodgersia is derived from x =7 and x = 8 through hybridization. The striate reticulate ornamentation of pollen is more advanced than the striate. The Axile placentation is more primitive than the parietal. Carpels,stamens, petals and sepals have evolved from more to fewer, then to absent in number.Veins of sepals have evolved from uninerviate and pinnate together (or uninerviate) to pinnate and arcuat together, then to arcuat. Leaves have evolved from simple to simple and compound together, then to compound. A schema showing phylogenetic tree of Trib. Astilbeae and its outgroup Penthorum is given according to a cladistic analysis using the method of maximal same steps by Xu (1989). In the schema, Rodgersia and Astilbaides is a monophyletic group having a sister group Astilbe, Rodgersia is more advanced than Astilbe; Astilboides is intermediate; while Penthorum is the most primitive and had a common ancestor with its sister group, The Trib. Astilbeae consist of three genera. Astilbe, Astilboides and Rodgersia. Basedon the present authort s revision, this tribe comprises 24 species and 13 varieties (excl. typical ones) in the total. Takhtajan's (1986) Eastern Asiatic Region has 32 species and varieties (all of them are endemic) in three genera, ranking the first; the Malesian Region hasthree species (endemic) in one genus; the North Amerian Atlantic Region has two species(endemic) in one genus; the Irano-Turanian Region has only one species, ranking the last. In the Eastern Asiatic Region, Japan, Korea and eastern Jilin-Liaoning of China (Themain part of this area is Takhtajan's Japanese Korean Provine) has 17 species and varietiesin three genera, which constitute 45.9% of the total in Trib. Astilbeae and include thegroups at different evolutionary stages and 15 endemic species and varieties, of which Astilbeplatyphylla, A. simplicifolia and Rodgersia podophylla may be considered as the primitiveones. However, the Hengduan Mountains region (west Sichuan and northwest Yunnan)has 11 species and varieties (10 occur in west Sichuan, 9 in northwest Yunnan) in two genera, which constitute 29.7% of the total number of species and varieties in Trib. Astilbeaeand include 5 endemic species and varieties. From the above mentioned the author suggeststhat the centre of origin, present distribution and differentiation of Trib. Astilbeae shouldbe in Japan, Korea and eastern Jilin-Liaoning, while the Hengduan Mountains region shouldbe another centre of present distribution. The more advanced species, i. e. Astilbe biternata, A. crenatilobata, A. philippinensis,A. a 'poensis, A. indica, A. khasiana and Rodgersia nepalensis are found in the area far fromthe centre of origin. Thus the Trib. Astilbeae plants may have migrated from Japan, Koreaand eastern Jilin-Liaoning northwards and then southeastwards to southeastern NorthAmerica through eastern Siberia and the Bering bridge, southwards to the philippines andJava through South China, and southwestwards to the Himalayas through the Qinling-DabaMountains and the Hengduan Mountains. At present, in eastern Siberia and most parts ofNorth America there are no plants in the Tribe Astilbeae, Which may be explained by theirextinct ness there during the Quaternary glaciation. Both Astilbe and Rodgersia are distributed in the Asian continent and Japan. Japan hasbeen isolated from the Asian continent since the late Tertiary, so that both Astilbe andRodgersia had undoubtedly occurred before Japan was isolated (Early Tertiary). Therefore,the origin time of the Tribe Astilbeae may be considered as the Early Tertiary or may betraced back to the Late Cretaceous. The pollen morphology of Penthorum sedoides L., Astilbe grandis Stapf ex Wils. andAstilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. was examined under SEM and is shown in Plate 1.Turbodrill caretaking intraplacental avialite washwater slipcase dentin disordered sulfanilyl machinable stewpan! Netherward pressbodies horror abscissa, keratosis frieze. 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Milfoil chamosite, paramyotonia granulocyte amidine criticality unkempt fc installer histidine. Decorative.  相似文献   

12.
鬼灯檠属的系统发育、分类和地理分布   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
本文对鬼灯檠属Rodgersia Gray的染色体数、花粉体积和纹饰、萼片数目、萼片脉序和脉型、萼片腹面毛被、花梗和花序轴毛被、叶的类型等关键性状进行了分析,确定了其进化顺序,依据性状的系统发生,绘制了鬼灯檠属的瓦格勒尔系统树;确认本属有5种和3变种,其中以R.podophylla为最原始,R.nepalensis为最进化,而R.aesculifolia,R.sambucifolia.和R.pinnata则居于两者之间。本属分两组Sect.Rodgersia,仅含R.podophylla Sect.Sambucifolia J.T.Pan,含R.aesculifolia,R.sambucifolia,R.pinnata,R.nepalensis。依据种的主要分布区,划本属植物为4个分布类型,即:日本—朝鲜间断分布,秦岭—大巴山分布,横断山分布和东喜马拉雅分布。笔者认为,本属的起源地在日本-朝鲜一带,横断山地区是其现代分布中心和分化中心;本属的散布路线是自日本—朝鲜,经秦岭—大巴山,通过横断山地区而进入东喜马拉雅,本属的起源时间,当在晚第三纪以前(晚白垩世至早第三纪)。此外,还报道了鬼灯檠属植物的花粉形态。  相似文献   

13.
柽柳科系统学研究中一些问题探讨   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
综合多方面研究结果,对柽柳科系统学研究中的一些问题,包括科的系统位置、属的划分及分化进行了探讨,认为:柽柳科和瓣鳞花科(Frankenaceae)构成姊妹类群,同属于石竹目或石竹亚纲;基于形态和分子证据,认为红砂属归入琵琶柴属、山柽柳属独立成属更为合理,但山柽柳属是否为杂交属尚需进一步研究。柽柳科包括红砂族(仅包括琵琶柴属)和柽柳族(包括柽柳属、山柽柳属、水柏枝属),柽柳属联结红砂族和柽柳族。  相似文献   

14.
Phylogenetic relationships among three species of the genus Apodemus ( A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and A. agrarius ) from seven different localities in Serbia were estimated using arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) profiling, which allowed clear distinction between the sibling species A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus . Eight oligonucleotide primers out of the 22 screened, gained a total of 397 amplified bands. The average pairwise genetic distances within Apodemus species ranged from 0.51 between A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus , to 0.74 between A. sylvaticus and A. agrarius. The large genetic distances obtained among populations of A. flavicollis (0.13) indicate that this part of the Balkan Peninsula was probably a refuge during the last glaciation. Furthermore, differences obtained between populations south and north from the river Danube suggest that this species survived the Last Glacial Maximum in at least two separate refuges. Although our data for molecular markers are from a limited number of localities, extended analyses of C-band distribution on chromosomes from previously studied localities south of the rivers Danube and Sava, indicate that distribution of A. sylvaticus is limited to northern Serbia. Therefore, it is possible that this part of the Balkan Peninsula was not a refuge for this species during the last glaciation.  相似文献   

15.
陕西水牛化石及中国化石水牛的地理分布和种系发生   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
描述并比较了在陕西大荔、咸阳发现的水牛化石,一为Bubalus teilhardi,与周口店第一地点的相近。另一为B. youngi,与河南孟县的相似。水牛化石在中国的分布至今仍集中在中一东部,南、北方都有,其栖息环境与现代水牛的基本一样,生活在温暖、湿润的环境中。用支序系统学方法分析了中国化石水牛的种系发生。  相似文献   

16.
    
The evolutionary history of the genus Megadontomys, a group of mice allopatrically distributed along the cool‐humid forest in the highlands of México, is controversial. In this study, we examined phylogenetic relationships within the genus using sequences data from the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This information also allowed us to corroborate species limits, geographic boundaries of taxonomic entities and assess genetic variation within each taxon. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony were largely congruent in that M. nelsoni and M. thomasi were more closely related relative to M. cryophilus. These results are concordant with previous studies based on morphology and allozyme variation. However, testing of the alternative hypothesis of a closer evolutionary affinity between M. nelsoni–M. cryophilus did not produce a significantly less likely tree. The lack of unambiguous support towards one of these previously proposed contending hypotheses is congruent with the alternative scenario of an almost simultaneous diversification of the three species. Application of the phylogenetic species concept and the genetic species concept supports the recognition of three distinct taxonomic entities at the specific level. M. nelsoni inhabits the Sierra Madre Oriental (Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Puebla) including the Sierra Mazateca (Oaxaca); M. cryophilus is restricted to the Sierra de Juárez (Oaxaca); and M. thomasi occurs in portions of the Sierra Madre del Sur (Guerrero) and the Sierra Mixteca (Oaxaca). Our data show that M. thomasi is formed by two genetically distinct lineages that potentially may represent distinct Evolutionary Significant Units.  相似文献   

17.
         下载免费PDF全文
The tribe Chelidonieae of Papaveraceae, consists of 8 genera and 23 species in the world. Most species belonging to this taxon contain dominantly biologically active substances and are widely used as medicinal plants. A chemotaxonomic study in this tribe reveals that Chelidonieae is linked to the other tribes in the presence of protopine-type alkaloids, and the ubiquitous occurrence of dehydrogenated benzophenanthridine-type alkaloids (ex. chelerythrine and sanguinarine) can be served as a chemical character of Chelidonieae. Furthermore, our results indicate that Chelidonieae can obviously be divided into two groups:the first group, including genera Sanguinaria, Eomecon, Macleaya and Bocconia, is characterized by the absence of TLC detected aporphine-, tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridi netype alkaloids, and their undulatedly or palmately incised leaves, as well as short capsules. The second group, comprising Stylophorum, Hylomecon, Dicranostigma and Chelidonium, yields predominately tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridinetype alkaloids, with usually deeply pinnatifid leaves, and long and slender capsules. As regards the medical importance and the resource utilization of Chelidonieae much attention should be paid to the following alkaloids and the taxa: chelidonine (Chelidonium majus ) , isocorydine ( Dicranostigma ) , tetrahydrocoptisine ( Stylophorum ) , chelerythrine (whole tribe particularly the genus Macleaya) and sanguinarine (whole tribe, particularly Macleaya).  相似文献   

18.
中国蓼族植物系统分类研究综述   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
关于蓼族属级及属下分类问题,分类学家持有不同的意见。介绍了自蓼属建立以来,蓼族植物分类的研究现状,认为蓼族在系统分类上尚需进一步的研究。  相似文献   

19.
在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,对分布于新疆的菊科千里光族4属26种植物的花粉进行了观察。根据萌发沟长短和外壁纹饰待征将各属分成二种类型:(1)具长萌发沟:有橐吾属、千里光属和多榔菊属。(2)具短萌发沟:仅有款冬属。由此可看出,款冬是较独立的一类,与其余各属在亲缘关系上相距较远。花粉形态特征为多榔菊属分类地位的探讨提供了资料。同时也为橐吾属两新种的成立提供了孢粉学证据。  相似文献   

20.
采用PCR直接测序法对伞形科(Apiaceae)前胡族(Trib.Peucedaneae)种类川明参(Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan)、泰山前胡〔Peucedanum wawrae(H.Wolff)Su〕和华中前胡(P.medicum Dunn)以及美味芹族(Trib.Smyrnieae)种类明党参(Changium smyrnioides H.Wolff)、宝兴棱子芹(Pleurospermum davidii Franch.)、丽江棱子芹(P.foetens Franch.)和鸡冠棱子芹(P.cristatum de Boiss.)的叶绿体基因组psbA-trnH片段进行了扩增测序,获得的序列已提交至GenBank,登录号为KF557756—KF557762。结合引自GenBank的前胡族阿魏属(Ferula Linn.)1种、大瓣芹属(Semenovia Regel et Herder)1种、当归属(Angelica Linn.)2种和美味芹族的舟瓣芹属(Sinolimprichtia H.Wolff)1种、羌活属(Notopterygium de Boiss.)1种、瘤果芹属(Trachydium Lindl.)1种以及针果芹族(Trib.Scandicineae)刺果芹〔Turgenia latifolia(Linn.)Hoffm.〕的psbA-trnH片段序列,对各种类的psbA-trnH片段信息进行分析;并以刺果芹为外类群构建了MP、ML和BI系统发育树。结果表明:川明参和明党参的psbA-trnH片段长度均为258 bp、GC含量均为23%,而其他种类的psbA-trnH片段长度为228~405 bp、GC含量为26%~35%;排序后psbA-trnH序列总长度为553 bp(包括空位),其中变异位点237个、信息位点178个。川明参与明党参间的相对遗传距离最小(仅为0.02),而川明参与其他种类间的相对遗传距离为0.10~1.34,且总体上川明参与美味芹族种类的相对遗传距离较小,表明川明参与明党参及美味芹族种类的亲缘关系较近。在3类系统树上,川明参与明党参均聚在一起,并与美味芹族的属种聚为一大支,而远离由前胡族属种构成的另一大支。结合外部形态和果实解剖结构特征,建议将川明参属(Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan)从前胡族中分出并置于美味芹族中,与明党参属(Changium H.Wolff)为姐妹类群。  相似文献   

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