落新妇属药用植物混淆种类的鉴别研究

落新妇是提取岩白菜素的主要原料,极易与升庥属和假升庥属植物混淆。本文进行了分类鉴定,并对入药的几种落新妇主要形态特征、分布作了介绍。     

中国蓼族植物（蓼科）的地理分布

通过多年野外实地考察和资料统计分析,对蓼族植物在中国的地理分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,该类群在中国的分布具有一定规律。在水平分布上,物种数目由东北到西南呈逐渐增加的趋势,有6个高密度的分布区,集中沿横断山脉—秦巴山脉分布。除首乌属全国广泛分布外,其他各属或组均有其主要的分布区域。在垂直分布上,整个蓼族植物几乎都分布在海拔5 000 m以下。在海拔1 000～3 000 m,蓼族植物广泛分布,冰岛蓼属、拳参组、头状蓼组一年生型和神血宁组植物主要分布在海拔3 000 m以上,萹蓄组、春蓼组、刺蓼组、首乌属、虎杖属、金线草属和荞麦属主要分布在海拔1 000 m以下。     

甘蔗亚族的地理分布

对甘蔗亚族植物在世界的分布状况和在中国的分布特点进行了讨论,通过分析甘蔗亚族各属种的分布区类型,认为亚洲东南部为甘蔗亚族的分布中心和多样性中心,同时对甘蔗亚族起源作了推测。     

桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布(续)

地 理 分 布 以上,我们对桦木科植物进行了分支分析,关于该科六属之间的关系有了比较清晰的认识,这是地理分布分析的基础之一。 经典分类和古植物方面的研究是地理分布分析的另外两类基础性资料。早在1904     

桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布

本文对桦木科植物的研究历史作了详细的总结。在钻研文献的基础上,补充了部分系统学资料,使得花序、花、芬粉、叶表皮等各类性状能够在属间进行比较。根据外类群比较、和谐性分析等原则确定了性的演化极性,利用最大同步法和最小平行演化法对桦木科植物进行了分支分析。对各属的现代分布和地史分布作了描述,在此基础上,讨论了桦木科植物的分布中心、起源地、起源的时间和散布途径。作者试图回到遥远的晚白垩纪和早第三纪,从描绘     

乌头荠族的地理分布与系统

乌头荠族植物的地理分布表明,其基本上是１个北温带的族,该族植物有１４属,８个分布区类型,亚洲的中部及西北部一带,特别是伊朗－吐兰区的西北部,是其原始分布与分化的中心;欧洲中部;西北部及巴尔干半岛并散布到和北美洲的西北部是其次生的分布与分化中心。根据该族原始类群和生境的分布分析,推测以上地区有可能是这类植物的发源地。首次从环境气体的变化和该族形态特征演化探讨了现代分布格局的形成原因。     

小檗科魁臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育

以植物地理学资料为主,综合植物化学,细胞学,形态学及解剖学的等方面的资料,分析了小檗科鬼臼科现代地理分布格局产生的原因及其系统发育的影响,指出：（１）我国鬼臼亚科植物的多样性中心和分布中心,鬼臼亚科植物的现代地理分布格局是由于第三纪以来替代分布和长期隔离的结果;（２）在鬼臼亚科植物中,以山荷叶属最为原始,它通过两方向演化,一是保持其原来的异花授方向演化为足叶草属,另一方向是转向自花授粉,自山茶叶属     

A Study on the Tribe Astilbeae Miq. (Saxifragaceae)

This paper deals with the phylogeny and geographic distribution of the Tribe Astilbeae. Based on the theory of evolution, the general evolutionary trends of the angiospermous characters and outgroup comparison Penthorum, the polarity of the characters of Trib. Astilbeae is determined. The basic chromosome number (x=8) of Penthorum may be considered as the primitive one; x = 7 (8-1 ) of Astilbe and x = 17 (8 + 9) of Astilboides have evidently evolved from Penthorum, whereas x = 15 (7 + 8) of Rodgersia is derived from x =7 and x = 8 through hybridization. The striate reticulate ornamentation of pollen is more advanced than the striate. The Axile placentation is more primitive than the parietal. Carpels, stamens, petals and sepals have evolved from more to fewer, then to absent in number.Veins of sepals have evolved from uninerviate and pinnate together (or uninerviate) to pinnate and arcuat together, then to arcuat. Leaves have evolved from simple to simple and compound together, then to compound. A schema showing phylogenetic tree of Trib. Astilbeae and its outgroup Penthorum is given according to a cladistic analysis using the method of maximal same steps by Xu (1989). In the schema, Rodgersia and Astilbaides is a monophyletic group having a sister group Astilbe, Rodgersia is more advanced than Astilbe; Astilboides is intermediate; while Penthorum is the most primitive and had a common ancestor with its sister group, The Trib. Astilbeae consist of three genera. Astilbe, Astilboides and Rodgersia. Based on the present authort s revision, this tribe comprises 24 species and 13 varieties (excl. typical ones) in the total. Takhtajan's (1986) Eastern Asiatic Region has 32 species and varieties (all of them are endemic) in three genera, ranking the first; the Malesian Region has three species (endemic) in one genus; the North Amerian Atlantic Region has two species (endemic) in one genus; the Irano-Turanian Region has only one species, ranking the last. In the Eastern Asiatic Region, Japan, Korea and eastern Jilin-Liaoning of China (The main part of this area is Takhtajan's Japanese Korean Provine) has 17 species and varieties in three genera, which constitute 45.9% of the total in Trib. Astilbeae and include the groups at different evolutionary stages and 15 endemic species and varieties, of which Astilbe platyphylla, A. simplicifolia and Rodgersia podophylla may be considered as the primitive ones. However, the Hengduan Mountains region (west Sichuan and northwest Yunnan) has 11 species and varieties (10 occur in west Sichuan, 9 in northwest Yunnan) in two genera, which constitute 29.7% of the total number of species and varieties in Trib. Astilbeae and include 5 endemic species and varieties. From the above mentioned the author suggests that the centre of origin, present distribution and differentiation of Trib. Astilbeae should be in Japan, Korea and eastern Jilin-Liaoning, while the Hengduan Mountains region should be another centre of present distribution. The more advanced species, i. e. Astilbe biternata, A. crenatilobata, A. philippinensis, A. a 'poensis, A. indica, A. khasiana and Rodgersia nepalensis are found in the area far from the centre of origin. Thus the Trib. Astilbeae plants may have migrated from Japan, Korea and eastern Jilin-Liaoning northwards and then southeastwards to southeastern North America through eastern Siberia and the Bering bridge, southwards to the philippines and Java through South China, and southwestwards to the Himalayas through the Qinling-Daba Mountains and the Hengduan Mountains. At present, in eastern Siberia and most parts of North America there are no plants in the Tribe Astilbeae, Which may be explained by their extinct ness there during the Quaternary glaciation. Both Astilbe and Rodgersia are distributed in the Asian continent and Japan. Japan has been isolated from the Asian continent since the late Tertiary, so that both Astilbe and Rodgersia had undoubtedly occurred before Japan was isolated (Early Tertiary). Therefore, the origin time of the Tribe Astilbeae may be considered as the Early Tertiary or may be traced back to the Late Cretaceous. The pollen morphology of Penthorum sedoides L., Astilbe grandis Stapf ex Wils. andAstilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. was examined under SEM and is shown in Plate 1. Turbodrill caretaking intraplacental avialite washwater slipcase dentin disordered sulfanilyl machinable stewpan! Netherward pressbodies horror abscissa, keratosis frieze. 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Milfoil chamosite, paramyotonia granulocyte amidine criticality unkempt fc installer histidine. Decorative.      

新疆千里光族花粉形态研究

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,对分布于新疆的菊科千里光族４属２６种植物的花粉进行了观察。根据萌发沟长短和外壁纹饰待征将各属分成二种类型：（１）具长萌发沟：有橐吾属、千里光属和多榔菊属。（２）具短萌发沟：仅有款冬属。由此可看出,款冬是较独立的一类,与其余各属在亲缘关系上相距较远。花粉形态特征为多榔菊属分类地位的探讨提供了资料。同时也为橐吾属两新种的成立提供了孢粉学证据。     

钻地风属植物摘录

钻地风属植物摘录卫兆芬（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＮＯＴＥＳＯＮＳＣＨＩＺＯＰＨＲＡＧＭＡＳＩＥＢ．ＥＴＺＵＣＣ．（ＳＡＸＩＦＲＡＧＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷｅｉＣｈａｏｆｅｎ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏ...     

中国兜蕊兰属植物的研究

兜蕊兰属是一个仅６种的属,分布于克什米尔地区、喜马拉雅、中国和日本。本文从其分类和植物地理的研究和修订,此属在我国现知产５种,包括一个新种和一个新组合种,其中３种特产于我国,文中有国产５种的分种检索表和每个种的异名和地理分布。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类E述(半翅目,盲蝽科,单室盲蝽亚科)

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocorgs 5个种,其中包括3新种:黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp. nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigroflavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M. ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种:大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1个新纪录属:榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种:泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensgs Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetrastigma Yasunaga,2000.     

鸡形目鸟类系统发生研究现状

综合形态学、行为学、分子系统发生等方面研究成果,对世界鸡形目鸟类科的系统关系以及属、种间系统发生的研究进展进行了阐述,侧重介绍与我国鸡形目鸟类相关类群的系统发生研究现状。与传统的系统关系比较,新的研究结果主要有:凤冠雉科和冢雉科不再是互为姊妹群;传统分类中的雉族和鹑族被证明并非单源而是多源的;雉族的原鸡属与鹑族的竹鸡属有很近的亲缘关系;灰山鹑、火鸡和松鸡类的系统发生关系可能很近。分子进化的研究表明雉科各属的起源主要集中在上新世。     

薯蓣科植物地理学的研究

薯蓣科基本上是一个热带科,广布于世界热带地区,共有９属,约６５０种。热带亚洲（尤其云贵高原－横断山一带）很可能是该科的原始分布与分化中心,热带美洲及热带非洲则可能是２次生分布与分化中心。其起源时间可追溯到白垩纪或更早。现代分布格局的形成主要是由于联合古陆的发裂、第四纪冰川的破坏及其自身的一些生物学特性所决定的。     

河北省北部苔藓植物区系与地理分布研究

基于作者近年来在河北省北部实地考察和采集的2000余号苔藓植物标本,经过研究鉴定,现已知河北省北部有苔藓植物270种(包括4变种、3变型),分别隶属于36科104属。其中,丛藓科为第一大科,含18属49种;紫萼藓属为第一大属,含17种。利用丰富度指数公式,并通过与我国其它9个山地的比较,可以看出河北省北部是苔藓植物物种多样性较为丰富的地区之一。河北省北部苔藓植物区系成分以北温带成分为主(占总种数的54.07%),其次是东亚成分(占总种数的14.81%)。各类温带成分共计227种,占总种数的84.07%,该植物区系具有明显的温带性质。运用主成分分析(PCA)的方法将河北省北部与我国其它12个山地苔藓植物区系所构成的区系谱进行了定量研究。结果表明:河北省北部与小五台山、内蒙古间苔藓植物区系关系最为密切,而与处于南亚热带的九万山关系最远。利用聚类分析的方法,并结合13个采集地的地理位置和不同的生态环境特点,将河北省北部苔藓植物区系划分为两个地带,即:张北高原苔藓植物地带和冀北山地苔藓植物地带。结合13个采集地苔藓植物种数所占总种数的百分比水平分布图,可以比较直观地看出河北省北部苔藓植物种数在纬向上由东向西逐渐减少,在经向上西北部种类较少、东南部种类较多的水平分布特点;通过苔藓生活型分析可以显示出张北坝上高原、冀西北间山盆地气候寒冷、干燥,顶蒴藓类占绝对优势;而承德坝上高原、冀北山地、燕山山地气候较温暖、湿润,侧蒴藓类所占百分比明显增多。这些与河北省北部苔藓植物区划地带是基本一致的。     

头序楤木化学成分研究

自头序楤木70%EtOH提取物分得6个化合物,应用光谱技术(IR,MS,(?)~HNMR,~(13)C NMR.DEPT,2DNMR)及化学方法.确定了他们的结构,分别为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),胡萝卜甙(Ⅱ),齐墩果酸(Ⅲ),竹节参皂甙 (?)(Ⅳ):竹节参皂甙Ⅳa(Chikusetsusapomin Ⅳa)(Ⅴ),常春藤皂甙元—28-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(Ⅵ),以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得,其中Ⅵ为一新化合物.     

国产铁线莲属(毛茛科)植物小志

本文描述了国产铁线莲属２新种、１新变种,并对荔波铁线莲的形态进行了补充描述。