上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织MKP-1及p-ERK1/2蛋白表达的研究

研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK） 相关蛋白丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶（mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, MKP-1）和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p-ERK1/2）曲在上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织中的表达差异,并探讨其在卵巢癌发生、发展中的作用,为卵巢癌的治疗提供新的思路及实验依据。选取64例上皮性卵巢癌、35例卵巢上皮性交界瘤及32例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤患者的组织,另选取26例正常卵巢组织作对照,进行MKP-1及p-ERK1/2的免疫组化分析,并同时对其中部分病例进行上述蛋白的Western—blot研究。结果显示正常卵巢、良性肿瘤、交界瘤及卵巢癌组织MKP—1的表达依次递减,各组之间进行两两比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,FIGOⅢ期与Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织MKP-1的表达显著低于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期卵巢癌组织（P〈0．01）;而p-ERK1/2在正常卵巢、良性肿瘤、交界瘤及卵巢癌组织的表达依次递增．各组之间进行两两比较也均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。FIGOⅢ期与Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织P～ERK1/2的表达显著高于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期卵巢癌组织（P〈0．01）。且免疫组化及western—blot均显示MKP-1与p—ERK1/2在卵巢癌组织中的表达存在显著的负相关性,（r=-0．90,P〈0．01及r=-0．78,P〈0．01）。本研究结果表明MKP-1与p—ERK1/2的异常表达可能跟上皮性卵巢肿瘤的发生、发展有关,它们之间的表达失衡可能是卵巢癌发生、发展的原因之一．     

大鼠内侧前额叶皮质内ERK1/2 活化参与脊髓损伤后抑郁情绪

目的:观察细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)的活化在脊髓损伤引起抑郁中的作用。方法:应用Western blot和行为药理学方法,观察脊髓损伤后(SCI)大鼠内侧前额叶皮质内(mPFC)ERK1/2及磷酸化-ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)的表达情况及ERK1/2磷酸化抑制剂U0126对抑郁样行为的影响。结果:脊髓损伤后的第2天到第8周,SCI模型大鼠的BBB评分均显著低于假手术组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。脊髓损伤后8周-12周,SCI模型大鼠强迫游泳不动时间与假手术组相比明显缩短,mPFC内pERK1/2蛋白表达水平明显升高,总ERK 1/2的蛋白水平则未见组间差异,而给予U0126的大鼠的不动时间与给药之前相比明显延长增加,mPFC内pERK1/2蛋白表达水平较SCI模型大鼠明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:内侧前额叶皮质内ERK1/2的激活参与了脊髓损伤后引起的突触可塑性,在相关的抑郁样行为的产生中发挥了重要的作用。     

cAMP反应元件结合蛋白介导磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶在神经病理性痛形成中的作用

采用行为学、免疫组织化学和Western blot方法,观察鞘内注射细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulate kinase,ERK)信号转导通路阻滞剂对慢性压迫性损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)大鼠痛行为及脊髓背角内磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein,pCREB)和Fos表达变化的影响,探讨ERK／CREB转导通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用。结果表明,CCI可明显增加双侧脊髓背角pCREB、损伤侧脊髓背角浅层Fos阳性神经元表达,以CCI后3与5d时尤为显著。鞘内沣射促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase,MEK)阻滞剂U0126及ERK反义寡核苷酸在减轻大鼠痛行为的同时,能明显抑制双侧脊髓背角内pCREB的表达,同时,Fos阳性神经元的表达也明显减少。大鼠痛行为及脊髓背角pCREB和Fos的表达在时相上一致。上述结果提示pCREB参与pERK介导的神经病理性疼痛。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后表皮生长因子受体在脊髓的表达特点

目的研究大鼠脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor re-ceptor,EGFR)在脊髓的表达特点及意义。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组(每组10只):假手术组,SCI术后3 d、7 d和14 d组。应用Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB)评分观察大鼠行为学改变;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测损伤段脊髓组织中EGFR mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学方法观察损伤段脊髓灰质中EGFR蛋白表达情况;并对EGFRmRNA及蛋白表达情况与BBB评分进行相关性分析。结果行为学观察发现大鼠脊髓损伤后下肢神经功能逐步恢复;RT-PCR结果显示EGFR mRNA在假手术组大鼠脊髓中微量表达,SCI术后3 d表达显著升高,随后趋于下降,14 d时仍高于假手术组(P<0.01);免疫组织化学染色显示损伤段脊髓灰质中EGFR阳性细胞数在损伤后3 d显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),随后趋于下降,但14 d时仍高于假手术组(P<0.01);EGFR mRNA及蛋白的表达均与BBB评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.05;r=-0.966,P<0.05)。结论EGFR在大鼠脊髓损伤后具有时相分布特点,且与动物行为呈负相关,提示其表达可能阻碍损伤后的神经功能恢复。     

P-P42/p44在慢性肾功能不全大鼠肾组织表达特征及其作用

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全大鼠肾组织磷酸化P42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(P-P42/p44 MAPK)的表达特征及其可能的作用。方法16只Wistar大鼠随机分成实验组和对照组,每组8只。采用5/6肾切除方法构建慢性肾功能不全大鼠模型,术后120d处死大鼠,取大鼠肾组织行石蜡切片,PAS染色观察大鼠肾脏病理改变,免疫组化和Western blot法分别检测大鼠肾组织磷酸化P42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的表达特征及活性变化。结果术后120d实验组大鼠与对照组相比,出现明显的肾小球硬化和肾小管坏死等慢性肾功能不全的典型病理特征,免疫组织化学染色检测磷酸化p42/p44 MAPK黄棕色染色颗粒明显增加。Western-blot结果显示,实验组大鼠肾组织磷酸化P42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(P-P42/p44 MAPK)活性表达水平明显上调(P<0.01)。结论磷酸化P42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在慢性肾功能不全大鼠模型的肾组织中活性明显升高,可能是慢性肾功能不全时各种细胞外刺激因素介导肾脏纤维化的重要途径之一。     

脊髓水平细胞外信号调节激酶激活参与吗啡依赖的形成及戒断反应的表达

在大鼠吗啡依赖和戒断模型上,采用行为学、免疫组织化学和Western blot方法观察吗啡依赖及戒断大鼠脊髓神经元磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase,pERK）表达的变化,及鞘内注射促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase,MEK）抑制剂U0126或ERK反义寡核苷酸对吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断反应、触诱发痛及脊髓神经元pERK表达的影响,探讨脊髓水平pERK在介导吗啡依赖和戒断过程中的作用。结果显示：（1）在吗啡依赖形成过程中,大鼠脊髓胞浆与胞核非磷酸化ERK表达没有改变,但pERK表达逐渐增加,纳洛酮催促戒断后,仍有进一步增加的趋势,戒断1h后,其表达量明显下降,但仍高于对照组。（2）鞘内预先注射MEK抑制剂U0126或ERK反义寡核苷酸能明显抑制吗啡戒断反应和戒断引起的痛觉异常;与行为学结果一致,脊髓背角pERK阳性神经元表达与脊髓胞浆和胞核pERK表达也明显降低。上述结果提示,脊髓水平ERK激活和核转位参与吗啡依赖的形成及戒断反应的表达。     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和磷酸酯酶-1在心肌病和细胞凋亡中的作用

ERK、JNK和p38等丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通过生长因子、激动剂或应激反应等介导生长、分化、凋亡以及细胞间相互作用等多种过程。ERK、JNK和p38是参与心衰病理过程的主要信号元件,MKP-1是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等的去磷酸化因子,是一种应激蛋白,在应激反应中可以抑制ERK、JNK和p38的活性,并通过凋节ERK、JNK和p38的活性,参与对心衰病理过程的调节。本文以转基因研究结果为主要线索,对丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和磷酸酯酶．1在心衰病理过程中的作用进行了综述。     

Neuritin对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经中丝作用的研究

目的:探讨Neuritin对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经元突起再生的作用.方法:分为Neuritin组,His组和假手术组.使用改良Allen's打击法打击Neuritin组和His组大鼠T10或T11节段脊髓.Neuritin组和His组经蛛网膜下腔置管局部连续给予Neuritin和His蛋白(6ug/d)一周.假手术组仅咬除椎板不损伤脊髓,经蛛网膜下腔置空管而部损伤脊髓.术后6h、3d、7d、14d、28d、56d分别观察:①运动功能评分(BBB评分)观察大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况;②HE染色观察脊髓组织形态学变化;③免疫组织化学染色和Western blotting检测损伤段脊髓神经中丝蛋白(NF200)的修复与再生.结果:①BBB评分,Neuritin组和His组在一周内没有明显差别,但Neuritin组和His组的评分均低于假手术组,从术后第14d,实验组评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);②HE染色可见损伤段脊髓出血、坏死及炎性细胞浸润;③免疫组化检测,Neuritin组的NF200平均光密度值(IOD/AREA)较His组明显增高(P＜0.05);Western blotting检测的NF200灰度值(GMD)较His组明显增高(P＜0.05),结论:持续外源性Neuritin能促进大鼠脊髓损伤后伤区神经元突起的再生,并能促进大鼠后肢运动功能的康复.     

脊髓p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激活参与坐骨神经压迫性损伤所致神经病理性痛

本研究旨在观察脊髓p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK）在坐骨神经压迫性损伤所致神经病理性痛中的作用。雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠鞘内置管后,4-0丝线松结扎左侧坐骨神经制作慢性压迫性损伤（chronic constriction injury,CCI）模型。CCI后第5天,鞘内注射不同剂量的p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580,并在给药前及给药后不同时间点,分别用von Frey机械痛敏监测仪和热辐射刺激仪监测大鼠损伤侧后爪机械和热刺激反应闽值,用免疫印迹技术（Western blot）观察给药前后脊髓磷酸化p38 MAPK（p-p38 MAPK）和磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein,pCREB）表达变化。结果发现：坐骨神经压迫性损伤引起脊髓p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达明显增加;鞘内注射SB203580能剂量依赖性逆转CCI引起的机械性痛觉异常和热痛觉过敏及脊髓水平p-p38 MAPK表达的增加,也明显抑制CCI引起的脊髓pCREB表达的增加。结果提示,脊髓水平p38 MAPK激活参与坐骨神经压迫性损伤所致神经病理性痛的发展,其作用可能通过pCREB介导。     

PARP-1、AIF在大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡中的作用

目的探讨聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶-1(PARP-1)、凋亡诱导因子(AIF)在大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡中的作用。方法脊髓损伤模型以Allen’s法制备。成年健康SD大鼠随机分为损伤组、PARP-1抑制剂组和假手术组。每组再分1d、3d、7d、14d时间点。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察脊髓组织形态学变化;用免疫组织化学方法检测各组各时间点PARP-1、AIF的表达变化;原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导dUTP标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞的凋亡水平。结果 HE染色结果显示,与假手术组相比,损伤组脊髓结构破坏明显,大量炎性细胞浸润,许多神经元变性坏死;抑制剂组与损伤组比较,脊髓损伤程度减轻,存活神经元较多。免疫组化结果显示,与假手术组相比,术后1~14d损伤组脊髓PARP-1、AIF表达明显增强(P0.57),且于3d达高峰(P0.05);与损伤组相比,抑制剂组各时间点脊髓PARP-1、AIF阳性表达均显著降低(P0.05)。TUNEL结果显示,与假手术组比较,损伤组阳性细胞凋亡率明显升高,且在损伤后3d最高(均P0.05);而抑制剂组各时间点细胞凋亡率均明显低于损伤组,但高于假手术组(均P0.05)。结论大鼠脊髓损伤后存在PARP-1、AIF介导的细胞凋亡,二者在损伤后细胞凋亡的早期可能起重要作用。     

三七总皂苷对脊髓损伤后BDNF 的表达及运动功能的影响

目的:探讨三七总皂苷(total panax notoginseng saponins,tPNS)对脊髓半横断损伤后对脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derivedneurotrophic factor,BDNF)表达以及运动功能恢复的作用的影响。方法:大鼠随机分为正常组和实验组,实验组大鼠脊髓T10右侧半横断模型,损伤后15min,腹腔注射三七总皂苷,剂量为20mg.kg-1,以后每天给药一次,溶媒对照组注射等量生理盐水。术后进行BBB评分和斜板实验检测;动物分别存活1d、3d、7d、14d、28d后,采用免疫荧光化学方法检测脊髓损伤远侧端BDNF表达的变化。结果:BBB评分及斜板实验结果显示,三七总皂苷能明显促进脊髓损伤后运动功能的恢复,尤其是损伤后7d和14d,三七总皂苷组评分明显高于溶媒对照组。免疫组化结果显示:脊髓半横断损伤后,损伤远侧端损伤侧BDNF的表达强于对侧,损伤侧BDNF的表达呈现出1d,3d逐渐增强,7d达高峰的趋势,14dBDNF的表达逐渐下降,至28d仍略高于正常组。三七总皂苷组和溶媒对照组相比,BDNF表达的时间趋势相同,但相同时间点BDNF的表达强于对照组,尤其是3d、7d。结论:三七总皂苷能增强脊髓半横断损伤后BDNF的表达,这可能是其改善脊髓再生的微环境,促进脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的机制之一。     

Expression of splice variants of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the normal and injured rat spinal cord

Quantitative western blot analysis in laminectomy control spinal cords of adult rats was used to provide the first report of the normal expression patterns of the N1, C1, C2 and C2' cassettes in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord as a percent of total NR1 subunit protein. In all regions studied, the C1 and C2 cassettes were usually contained in less than 10% of total NR1 protein. In contrast, approximately 90% of total NR1 protein contained the C2' cassette. A significant proportion of total NR1 protein (approximately 30%) also contained the N1 cassette. These data are consistent with expression of NR1(000) (NR1-4a) and NR1(100) (NR1-4b) as the dominant splice forms in the spinal cord. Splice variant expression was also studied following incomplete, contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) to the thoracic level 8 (T8) region. This injury did not change expression of the C1 or C2 cassette in any region of the spinal cord acutely at 24 h or chronically at 1 month. There was an increase in expression of the N1 cassette in the lumbar regions 1 month after injury (p < 0.05). These data indicate that SCI induces distal changes in NR1 splice variant expression, which may play a role in the adaptive response of neurons in the chronically injured spinal cord.     

小鼠脊髓损伤模型的建立及其评价

通过对模型的制备模拟脊髓损伤,研究其病理和影像的变化及脊髓组织的病理分析,为后期的唔疗提供了实验信息。使用7～8周龄小鼠,咬除T9～T10棘突及相应椎板,用重物压迫脊髓,缝合皮肤,制成脊髓损伤模型。分不同的时间进行行为学评分及病理和影像学的检测。结果显示对照组在不同时间行为学评分较高,而实验组评分较低。脊髓损伤区出现明显的病理改变和影像学的改变。可见在实验组中小鼠脊髓损伤区无脊髓组织残留,且出现明显的组织和影像改变,在行为学上两组相比具有显著差异,适用于脊髓再生的研究,从而为进一步研究脊髓损伤提供了较为可靠的模型。     

Increase of NG2-positive cells associated with radial glia following traumatic spinal cord injury in adult rats

In the CSN including the spinal cord, NG2 proteoglycan is a marker of oligodendrocyte progenitors. To elucidate the dynamics of the endogenous neural stem (progenitor) cells in adult rats with spinal cord injury (SCI), we examined an immunohistochemical analysis of NG2, GFAP, and 3CB2, a specific marker of radial glia (RG). SD rats were divided into a SCI group (n = 25) and a sham-operated group (n = 5). In the injury group, laminectomy was performed at Th11–12 and contusive compression injury was created by applying a weight of 30 g for 10 min. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h, and 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-injury. Frozen 20-μ m sections of tissue 5 and 10 mm rostral and caudal to the epicenter of injury were prepared. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against NG2, GFAP and 3CB2. At 4 weeks after injury, NG2-positive glial cells arose from below the pial surface as bipolar cells with processes extending throughout the entire white matter. NG2 expression peaked at 4 weeks after injury, showing a 7-fold increase compared to the 24 h after injury. The NG2-positive cells with processes which increased in the white matter of the spinal cord were GFAP-positive and also co-localized with 3CB2 antigen. The pattern of NG2 expression of these cells was temporally and spatially different from the pattern of NG2 expression that accumulated around the hemorrhagic and necrotic epicenter. These results suggest that NG2 positive cells which derived from subpial layer, may have some lineage to RG after SCI in adult rodents.     

Cholinergic receptor alterations in the cerebral cortex of spinal cord injured rat

Many areas of the cerebral cortex process sensory information or coordinate motor output necessary for control of movement. Disturbances in cortical cholinergic system can affect locomotor coordination. Spinal cord injury causes severe motor impairment and disturbances in cholinergic signalling can aggravate the situation. Considering the impact of cortical cholinergic firing in locomotion, we focussed the study in understanding the cholinergic alterations in cerebral cortex during spinal cord injury. The gene expression of key enzymes in cholinergic pathway - acetylcholine esterase and choline acetyl transferase showed significant upregulation in the cerebral cortex of spinal cord injured group compared to control with the fold increase in expression of acetylcholine esterase prominently higher than cholineacetyl transferase. The decreased muscarinic receptor density and reduced immunostaining of muscarinic receptor subtypes along with down regulated gene expression of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor subtypes accounts for dysfunction of metabotropic acetylcholine receptors in spinal cord injury group. Ionotropic acetylcholine receptor alterations were evident from the decreased gene expression of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors and reduced immunostaining of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors in confocal imaging. Our data pin points the disturbances in cortical cholinergic function due to spinal cord injury; which can augment the locomotor deficits. This can be taken into account while devising a proper therapeutic approach to manage spinal cord injury.     

Systemic bisperoxovanadium activates Akt/mTOR, reduces autophagy, and enhances recovery following cervical spinal cord injury

Secondary damage following primary spinal cord injury extends pathology beyond the site of initial trauma, and effective management is imperative for maximizing anatomical and functional recovery. Bisperoxovanadium compounds have proven neuroprotective effects in several central nervous system injury/disease models, however, no mechanism has been linked to such neuroprotection from bisperoxovanadium treatment following spinal trauma. The goal of this study was to assess acute bisperoxovanadium treatment effects on neuroprotection and functional recovery following cervical unilateral contusive spinal cord injury, and investigate a potential mechanism of the compound's action. Two experimental groups of rats were established to 1) assess twice-daily 7 day treatment of the compound, potassium bisperoxo (picolinato) vanadium, on long-term recovery of skilled forelimb activity using a novel food manipulation test, and neuroprotection 6 weeks following injury and 2) elucidate an acute mechanistic link for the action of the drug post-injury. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to assess cellular signaling 1 day following SCI, and histochemistry and forelimb functional analysis were utilized to assess neuroprotection and recovery 6 weeks after injury. Bisperoxovanadium promoted significant neuroprotection through reduced motorneuron death, increased tissue sparing, and minimized cavity formation in rats. Enhanced forelimb functional ability during a treat-eating assessment was also observed. Additionally, bisperoxovanadium significantly enhanced downstream Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and reduced autophagic activity, suggesting inhibition of the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten as a potential mechanism of bisperoxovanadium action following traumatic spinal cord injury. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficacy of a clinically applicable pharmacological therapy for rapid initiation of neuroprotection post-spinal cord injury, and sheds light on the signaling involved in its action.     

Cholinergic Receptor Alterations in the Brain Stem of Spinal Cord Injured Rats

Cholinergic receptors in upper motor neurons of brain stem control locomotion and coordination. Present study unravels cholinergic alterations in brain stem during spinal cord injury to understand signalling pathway changes which may be associated with spinal cord injury mediated motor deficits. We evaluated cholinergic function in brain stem by studying the expression of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine esterase. We quantified metabotropic muscarinic cholinergic receptors by receptor assays for total muscarinic, muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor subunits, gene expression studies using Real Time PCR and confocal imaging using FITC tagged secondary antibodies. The gene expression of ionotropic nicotinic cholinergic receptors and confocal imaging were also studied. The results from our study showed metabolic disturbance in cholinergic pathway as choline acetyl transferase is down regulated and acetylcholine esterase is up regulated in spinal cord injury group. The significant decrease in muscarinic receptors showed by decreased receptor number along with down regulated gene expression and confocal imaging accounts for dysfunction of metabotropic acetylcholine receptors in spinal cord injury group. Ionotropic acetylcholine receptor alterations were evident from the decreased gene expression of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and confocal imaging. The motor coordination was analysed by Grid walk test which showed an increased foot slips in spinal cord injured rats. The significant reduction in brain stem cholinergic function might have intensified the motor dysfunction and locomotor disabilities.     

G—CSF对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响

目的：通过观察粒细胞集落刺激因子（G—CSF）对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及Caspase-3的表达的影响,探讨其对脊髓保护的作用机制。方法：32只Vistar大鼠随机分成2组：对照组和治疗组,每组16只,采用改良的Allen’s装置制成大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型。在术前及术后对大鼠进行BBB功能评分观察大鼠的神经功能变化;用免疫荧光法检测脊髓损伤后个时间点Caspase-3表达;原位脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（Tunel法）检测凋亡细胞。结果：大鼠急性脊髓损后Caspase-3表达与细胞凋亡均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,损伤后3d可见大量的Caspase-3和TUNEL阳性细胞,7d时达到高峰,此后表达逐渐减少,21d时仍可见少量阳性细胞。与对照组比较,G—CSF治疗组各时间点Caspase-3表达和细胞凋亡显著降低,功能恢复显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论：G-CSF可以减轻大鼠脊髓损伤后的神经元凋亡,从而发挥神经保护作用,其作用可能是通过抑制Caspase-3的表达使脊髓损伤周围神经细胞凋亡显著下降而实现的。     

Molecular Changes in Sub-lesional Muscle Following Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury

To clarify the molecular changes of sublesional muscle in the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), a moderately severe injury (40 g cm) was induced in the spinal cord (T10 vertebral level) of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (injury) and compared with sham (laminectomy only). Rats were sacrificed at 48 h (acute) post injury, and gastrocnemius muscles were excised. Morphological examination revealed no significant changes in the muscle fiber diameter between the sham and injury rats. Western blot analyses performed on the visibly red, central portion of the gastrocnemius muscle showed significantly higher expression of muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (muscle ring finger-1 and muscle atrophy f-box) and significantly lower expression of phosphorylated Akt-1/2/3 in the injury group compared to the sham group. Cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and caspase-1, also had a significantly higher expression in the injury group; although, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 did not show any significant difference between the sham and injury groups. These results suggest activation of protein degradation, deactivation of protein synthesis, and development of inflammatory reaction occurring in the sublesional muscles in the acute phase of SCI before overt muscle atrophy is seen.