长江中游浅水湖泊水生植物氮磷含量与水柱营养的关系

水生植物组织内氮和磷(N和P)含量受到水体营养状况和植物生长状况影响。对长江中游江汉湖群不同营养水平湖泊中大型水生植物的N和P含量3个季度的研究表明,在不同生活型水生植物中,沉水植物主要分布在中营养到中富营养湖泊中,在富营养湖泊均无分布,浮叶和挺水植物在不同营养类型湖泊的沿岸带均有分布。N和P含量以沉水植物最高,浮叶植物次之,挺水植物最低。水生植物的N和P含量都达到或超过生长所需最低N和P阈值,代表性浮叶植物和沉水植物的N和P含量随着湖泊营养水平提高呈现规律性变化。湖泊5种常见的水生植物N和P含量与水柱中不同种类N和P浓度具有季节性相关:菱(TrapabispinosaRoxb.)春夏季P含量都与TP(总磷)和TDP(总溶解磷)明显相关,春季N含量与NH4—N(氨氮)明显相关;春季黄丝草(PotamogetonmaackianusA.Benn.)的P含量与TP明显相关,夏季与TDP明显相关,春季和夏季黄丝草和穗花狐尾藻(MyriophyllumspicatumL.)的N含量与TN(总氮)和TDN(总溶解氮)显著正相关,秋季成负相关;夏季芦苇(PhragmitescommunisTrin.)P含量与TP和TDP显著相关;春季芦苇和香蒲(TyphaorientalisPresl.)N含量与NH4N和NO2N(亚硝态氮)显著相关。       

涡河水生植被特征及分布成因

通过野外调查及室内测定,运用TWINSPAN聚类和CCA排序等方法对淮河流域涡河水生植物的组成、群落类型进行了研究,并探讨了影响水生植物分布的关键环境要素.结果表明:涡河共有水生植物27种,隶属于20科23属,其中以沉水植物和挺水植物居多(占总数的74％).涡河水生植物可划分为8个群落类型,即针蔺+藨草群落(Form.Eleocharis congesta+Scirpus trigueter)、藨草+喜旱莲子草群落(Form.S.trigueter+Alternanthera philoxeroides)、藨草群落(Form.S.trigueter)、金鱼藻群落(Form.Ceratophyllum demersum)、喜旱莲子草群落(Form.A.philoxeroides)、芦苇+喜旱莲子草群落(Form.Phragmites australis +A.philoxeroides)、荇菜群落(Form.Nymphoides peltatum)、菱+萍蓬草群落(Form. Trapa bispinosa+Nuphar pumilum).各群落间水体铵态氮、水体硝态氮、水体总磷、水深等环境因子变异较大.CCA排序结果表明,水体理化性质如硝态氮含量、磷酸根离子及总磷是影响该区水生植物分布的关键因素.     

离岸消浪堰式湖滨带生态修复工程对水质的影响

离岸消浪堰式湖滨生态修复工程系采用离湖岸线一定距离的桩基消浪堰,在湖堤硬质化、湖滨植被带缺失的湖滨带实现控浪促淤,形成半封闭型的人工湖湾以恢复湖滨植被带的工程措施.修复工程形成了堰内挺水植物区、堰内沉水植物区和堰外开阔水体3个生境梯度带.本文以无锡市太湖贡湖湾离岸消浪堰式生态修复工程为研究对象,于2010年6月至2011年5月对工程区3个生境梯度带的水质状况进行了研究.结果表明:消浪堰内亚硝态氮与硝态氮总体上低于堰外,但铵态氮和总氮总体上高于堰外.秋冬季磷素指标堰内浓度低于堰外,但春夏季多高于堰外.堰内水体亚硝态氮和正磷酸盐浓度的变异系数减小,硝态氮、亚硝态氮和正磷酸盐的年最高浓度值低于堰外;但铵态氮和总氮的变异系数增加,且堰内铵态氮、总氮的年最高浓度值高于堰外.修复工程在生长季末期可在一定程度上加剧铵态氮、总氮等水质指标的恶化.     

几种水生植物腐解过程的比较研究

研究水生植物腐烂分解过程及其养分动态对认识水生态系统物质循环过程具有重要意义。通过室内植物分解模拟试验,对6种水生植物的腐解过程及腐解残余物成分的变化进行了比较研究。结果表明,在64 d的腐解过程中,浮叶植物的分解速率最快,沉水植物其次,挺水植物最慢;同种植物的分解速率及残余物成分变化在不同生物量密度组间存在一定差异,但总体趋势一致。分解过程中,植物残余物中P、纤维素、木质素含量的变化趋势种间差异较小,总体上P含量先迅速下降后缓慢上升,纤维素含量先下降后趋于稳定,木质素含量先上升后趋于稳定;植物残余物中C、N、半纤维素含量在分解初期种间的变化趋势不同,而分解后期则均为C含量上升,N、半纤维素含量趋于稳定。相关性分析结果表明,总体上,在整个分解周期中,初始N、P含量越大分解越快,初始纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量、C/N、C/P、木质素/N等越大分解越慢;植物腐解不同阶段的质量指标对分解速率的影响有所不同,在分解前期,残余物中N含量越高分解越快,半纤维素含量、C/N、木质素/N越高,分解越慢,而后期木质素含量越高分解越慢,其它因子影响较小。     

富营养化河道引清渐推生态修复工程模式研究

2014 年2 月10 日至3 月28 日对滴水湖外围中涟河道实施以引清调水引导的沉水植物生态修复工程, 从临近的D 港引入清水快速提高水体透明度, 然后移栽苦草(Vallisnerianatans)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalii)、龙须眼子菜(Potamogetonpectinatus)等沉水植物, 构建水生植物群落。跟踪监测总氮(TN)、氨态氮(NH4⁺-N)、硝态氮(NO3^–-N)、亚硝态氮(NO₂^–-N)、总磷(TP)和磷酸盐(PO₄^3–-P)等水质指标, 分析该生态工程对富营养化河道的修复效果。结果表明: 工程实施后第2 个月, 修复区沉水植物的覆盖率由移栽初期的60%提高到85%, 水体综合营养状态指数比对照区降低了19.31%, 达到中营养水平, 修复效果显著(P<0.05)。6 个月后, 修复河道水体内总氮、氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷、磷酸盐的浓度与对照区相比显著降低, 削减率分别为43.86%、61.17 %、51.90 %、72.62 %、43.86 %和55.71%, 水体透明度比对照区提高81.82%, 综合营养状态指数显示修复区水体仍保持在中营养状态。引清渐推生态修复工程对富营养化河道修复效果明显, 为我国南方河网较密集区的河道生态修复提供更多的治理思路。     

水生植物的腐解过程及其影响因素研究进展

水生植物腐解会影响到自然水体水质、生态系统的稳定性、湿地的碳素与物质循环等，开展水生植物腐解研究对探究自然水体营养物质循环过程具有重要意义。本文围绕水生植物腐解研究进展、水生植物腐解机制、水生植物腐解的影响因素进行了综述。当前水生植物腐解研究的方向主要集中在水生植物腐解对环境的效应和影响腐解过程的因素，研究方法主要是分解袋法、室内分解培养法和稳定同位素探测法，水生植物腐解的环境效应主要体现在腐解过程造成的营养物质释放方面。通过水生植物腐解过程、元素迁移转化和腐解差异性分析发现，植物体的理化性质是影响腐解的决定因素，分解者群落的组成和活性是影响腐解的直接因素，水体的温度、溶解氧、营养物质浓度和底泥状况等环境因素是植物腐解的重要因素。水生植物的腐解过程受到多种因素的制约，对水生植物腐解过程中复合因素的作用进行探究，系统研究各个因素的耦合作用，是未来水生植物腐解研究的一个重要方向。     

洱海流域44种湿地植物的氮磷含量特征

研究湿地植物中的氮和磷含量既能帮助了解其所处生境的营养状况,又能为湿地生态恢复提供指导。测定了洱海流域44种湿地植物干生物量中的氮、磷含量。结果表明洱海湿地植物中总氮和总磷平均含量为15.7 mg/g和3.3 mg/g,变化范围为6.4-34.3 mg/g和1.4-6.5 mg/g,明显高于其他地区;氮磷比范围为2.2-9.5,显示该地区磷过剩,氮是限制因子;不同功能群植物间的氮和磷含量有显著差异,总氮含量以沉水植物最高而挺水和漂浮/浮叶植物最低,而总磷含量则为湿生植物最高而沉水植物最低;植物的地上部分分别占有整株72%的生物量、82%的氮含量和75%的磷含量,表明收割湿地植物的地上部分可以高效去除湿地生态系统中的氮和磷。     

连续可调式沉水植物网床对河道水质的修复

在太湖贡湖水源保护区陆域的一条长约200 m的污染河道内构建了一系列连续可调式沉水植物网床,形成了以菊花草、苦草、伊乐藻、轮叶黑藻和菹草等沉水植物构成的水生植物群落;跟踪监测了总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4 +-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)等水质指标,分析沉水植物网床引导沉水植被恢复对污染河道的水质修复效果.结果表明:沉水植被网床构建后,水体透明度显著升高,由修复前的0.5m提高到1.7 ～1.8 m;在沉水植被网床构建后的第5天和第20天,TN和TP的削减率分别为35.6％、66.3％和29.4％、63.2％;5个月后,修复河道水体内NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、TN、PO43--p和TP的浓度比对照组显著降低,削减率分别达到92.4％、76.8％、72.7％、73.9％、90.5％和92.0％.由连续可调式沉水植被网床引导恢复的水生植物群落可用于河道,特别是陆域浅水污染水体的生态修复.     

五种沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化效果

为达到净化水质的目的,采用移栽沉水植物控制富营养化水体中营养盐含量和浮游藻类生物量。本研究在夏季藻类密度较高的富营养化水体中移栽5种长江中下游流域常见沉水植物,比较不同沉水植物去除营养盐和控制藻类总量的能力。研究结果:5种沉水植物对水体总氮含量去除率的大小顺序为:竹叶眼子菜>黑藻>苦草>微齿眼子菜>菹草,对总磷去除率大小顺序为:竹叶眼子菜>黑藻>微齿眼子菜>苦草>菹草;竹叶眼子菜控制水体中藻类总量的效果最佳,苦草、微齿眼子菜及菹草次之,黑藻对水体总磷和浮游植物的去除效果均极显著(p≤0.01),而对总氮含量的作用影响不明显(p=0.209)。综合营养盐吸收作用和藻类控制效果来看,竹叶眼子菜在整个实验过程中生长状态良好并达到较为稳定的净化作用,是夏季治理浅型富营养化静水水体的理想物种之一。     

新疆开都河大型水生植物的氮磷化学计量特征及其影响因素

氮 (N)、磷(P)是最常见的限制植物生长的矿质元素。水生植物所需营养主要来源于水体和沉积物,植物体内的元素组成能够反映淡水生态系统的营养供应状况。开都河是新疆一条流经高山草甸和荒漠绿洲的重要内陆河。本研究采集了开都河大型水生植物和水、沉积物样品,分析了不同生活型和发育史的植物物种叶的氮磷化学计量特征,探讨了上下游、不同土地利用类型下植物、水体和沉积物化学计量特征的差异和关联。结果表明: 植物叶的N、P平均含量分别为24.9 mg·g^-1和2.49 mg·g^-1,氮磷质量比值(N/P)平均为12.6。不同生活型植物叶的N、P含量及N/P存在显著差异:沉水植物N、P含量均显著高于浮叶和挺水植物;浮叶植物N/P为19.2,显著高于其他两类植物,表明其生长可能受P的限制。上游水生植物叶的N、P含量均高于下游。同时,河流上游的沉积物和水体中的N含量均高于下游。与农耕区河段相比,草地区河段水生植物的叶N和P含量较高,可能与草地土壤有机质丰富和放牧产生的排泄物有关,说明放牧对开都河水生态系统化学计量特征的影响大于农耕。过度放牧可能使开都河上游水质变差,改变水生态系统的氮磷养分平衡,并最终影响特定区域的生物地球化学循环过程。     

滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程

采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,研究了滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程.结果表明: 纳帕海湖滨湿地植物群落可以划分为4个群丛,群落演替规律为水生植物群落→沼泽植物群落→沼泽化草甸植物群落→草甸植物群落.随植物群落演替,群落盖度、密度、多样性指数、物种丰富度和地上生物量均增大,群落高度减小;植物水分生态型演替规律为水生植物→沼生植物→湿生植物→中生植物.随群落演替,湿地水体矿化度、硬度和碱度均降低,氨氮和总磷含量升高,总氮和硝态氮含量变化不明显;土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量逐渐降低,全磷和全钾含量逐渐升高,速效氮和速效磷含量先增大后减小.CCA分析表明,群落结构和物种组成主要受水分梯度影响,土壤pH、全磷和湿地水的总氮、氨氮对湿地植物物种分布和群落演替影响显著.     

玄武湖菹草种群的发生原因及人工收割对水环境的影响

利用以沉水植物为主的水生植物进行水体生态修复是目前研究的热点问题, 为研究南京玄武湖2005-2006年的菹草(Potamogeton crispus)种群发生的原因及人工收割对水体的影响, 对玄武湖不同湖区定期监测其透明度、溶解氧、pH、TN、TP等水质指标, 并进行分析, 结果表明: 对湖泊蓝藻水华的应急处理, 使水体透明度提高179.5%, DO含量增高24.1%, TN、TP分别降低54.1%、74.5%, pH由9.1降至8.7, 水质改善是菹草种群萌发并能大规模生长的主要原因。而菹草生长阶段短期内对菹草进行大规模收割使水体DO含量降低42.1%, 透明度下降51.5%(P0.05), 收割虽从水体中携带走部分氮、磷营养盐, 但差异不显著(P0.05), 且收割后TP出现升高现象。故在对草藻型湖泊生态修复过程中, 可先期通过物理或化学手段改善水体透明度、调节pH、降低营养盐, 使其满足水生植物萌发及幼苗生长的需求, 为水生植物后期存活并生长打下基础, 在后期生态管理过程中, 应逐步收割植株, 缓慢从水体携带营养盐, 以达到改善水质, 恢复及重建水生生态系统的目的。       

影响北京地区湿地沉水植物群落组成的主要水环境因子

为了揭示影响沉水植物群落组成的水环境因子,包括水体的水文过程和理化特性,分析用特定沉水植物或群落作为检测水环境的直接指示物的可能性,选取北京地区的淡水湿地9处,采用系统取样法进行野外调查.每条样带记录沉水植物的鲜质量和湿地水文参数(流速和水深);同时取水样检测其理化参数:透明度、水温、电导率、pH值、氧化还原位、总氮、总磷、化学需氧量.对环境因子和沉水植物生物量进行DCCA排序,再运用双向分类矩阵,最终将14种沉水植物分为10个类群.结合群落水环境参数综合分析,影响植物群落组成的因子是流速、总氮含量、化学需氧量、电导率、氧化还原电位,其中流速的作用非常显著.不同沉水植物群落分类组对环境因子有明显的指示意义,狐尾藻+菹草群落是水体严重富营养化的表现,而北京水毛茛群落的出现是水质较好的表现.

Abstract：

In order to reveal the hydro-environmental factors affecting the community composition of wetland submerged plants, and to approach the possibility of using certain submerged plant species or communities as the direct indicators in detecting hydro-environment, a field investiga-tion was conducted on nine freshwater wetlands in Beijing. The plant fresh mass, wetland hydro-logical parameters (flow rate and water depth), and water physical and chemical parameters (transparency, temperature, conductivity, pH, redox potential, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) were measured, and DCCA ordination was made. Based on the ordination, and by using two-way classification matrix, the fourteen wetland submerged plant spe-cies in Beijing were classified into ten groups. According to the comprehensive analysis on the measured variables, the factors affecting the community composition of the wetland submerged plants were flow rate, total nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, conductivity, and redox potential, among which, flow rate was the key. Different submerged plant communities had indicative significanees for the wetland hydro-environment. For example, the occurrence of Myri-ophyllum spicatum + Potamongeton crispus community was an indicator for severe eutrophication, while that of Batrachium pekinens community could be regarded as an indicator of better water quality.     

人工湿地植物对观赏水中氮磷去除的贡献

研究了处理观赏用轻度富营养化水的人工湿地中植物的生长特性和氮磷去除作用。研究发现 ,所选用的 2 1种植物中 ,有17种植物在人工湿地中生长良好 ,稳定生长 10 5 d以后 ,其平均总生物量在 15 5～ 1317g/ m2之间 ,除了鸭跖草的地上地下生物量比 (A/ U)为 2 0 .5外 ,其余都在 1.18～ 4 .2 9之间。植株地上部 N和 P的浓度分别在 10 .99～ 34.74 mg/ g和 0 .5 9～ 3.81mg/ g之间 ;地下部 N和 P浓度分别在 6 .2 0～ 2 9.5 0 mg/ g及 0 .72～ 3.83mg/ g之间。大部分植物地上部 N和 P的浓度大于地下部 (p<0 .0 5 )。植物的 N、P积累量分别在 2 .10～ 2 4 .4 8g/ m2 和 0 .2 3～ 1.95 g/ m2 之间。在处理轻度富营养化水的人工湿地中 ,植物吸收对氮磷的去除起着主要作用——贡献率分别为 4 6 .8%和 5 1.0 %。植物的氮磷积累量与浓度及生物量之间均存在显著相关 ,所以可以直接以生物量为指标选择人工湿地植物。同时考虑净化和景观效果 ,可为处理城镇轻度富营养化水的人工湿地的植物选择提供参考     

Growth and Contaminant Removal Effect of Several Plants in Constructed Wetlands

The aim of the present study is to probe the relation between plant growth and its decontamination effect in constructed wetlands.Four species were studied in the small-scale mono-cuitured constructed wetlands, which were fed with domestic wastewater. Plant growth indexes were correlated with contaminant removal performance of the constructed wetlands. Wetlands planted with Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. showed the highest growth indexes such as shoot growth, biomass, root activity, root biomass increment, and the highest contaminant removal rates, whereas wetlands planted with Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash had the lowest growth indexes and the lowest removal rates. Above-ground biomass and total biomass were significantly correlated with ammonia nitrogen removal, and below-ground biomass with soluble reactive phosphorus removal. Photosynthetic rate had higher correlation with nitrogen removal in these species. Root activity and root biomass increment was more correlated with 5 d biochemical oxygen demand removal.Chemical oxygen demand removal had lower correlations with plant growth indexes. All four species had higher removal rates in summer and autumn. The results suggest that the effect of plant growth on contaminant removal in constructed wetlands were different specifically in plants and contaminants.     

Tissue nutrient concentrations in freshwater aquatic macrophytes: high inter-taxon differences and low phenotypic response to nutrient supply

1. The elemental composition and stoichiometry of aquatic plants has often been suggested to reflect the nutrient enrichment of aquatic habitats. However, the relationship is often weak. Moreover, uncertainties remain in the relevance of laboratory derived critical plant tissue nutrient concentrations to maximum yield or growth rates in the field.
2. Aquatic vascular plants and bryophytes, overlying water and sediment samples were collected to test whether freshwater aquatic macrophytes: (i) show tissue nutrient deficiencies when growing in oligotrophic freshwater habitats, and (ii) have strict homeostatic stoichiometry.
3. Plant nutrient concentrations were significantly related to total inorganic nitrogen (or nitrate), total dissolved phosphorus and sediment total phosphorus. However, these relationships were weak. Virtually all the variance in plant tissue nutrient concentrations, however, could be explained by species (taxon) identity.
4. Critical tissue nutrient concentrations for 95% maximum yield or 95% maximum growth rate in aquatic angiosperms, determined from laboratory bioassays, suggested that nutrients should not limit yield in wild aquatic macrophytes. However, there were a substantial number of samples where potential growth rate limitation was possible, particularly due to phosphorus.
5. Strict C : N : P stoichiometric ratios were found for both vascular plants and bryophytes, suggesting little scope for plants as indicators of nutrient enrichment, but provide robust stoichiometric data for studies on ecosystem metabolism and nutrient cycling.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of different structures of the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea Kunth and Scirpus cubensis Poepp & Kunth in relation to water level variation in Lagoa Infernão (São Paulo, Brazil)

We evaluated the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of floating meadows of Eichhornia azurea and Scirpus cubensis in Lagoa do Infernao (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). The chemical composition of these plants and of the water (littoral and limnetic zones) was determined during the period March 1987 to march 1988. During high water, the water becomes enriched by soluble nutrients and particulates washed from the flooded areas adjacent to the lake, especially from areas situated between the river and Lagoa do Infernão. The soluble allochthonous material is rapidly assimilated and stocked in the plant tissues, which results in an increase in its concentration. Besides this, it was established that the aquatic macrophytes studied utilize the nutrients dissolved in the water of the floating meadow itself, these nutrients being derived principally from their own decomposition.Since these are floating stands, the sediment does not function as a direct source of nutrients, and since concentrations in the water are low, the nutrients excreted by the aquatic macrophytes during growth and liberated during decomposition do not remain available in the water, but are rapidly absorbed by the young plants.This closed nutrient system makes possible the maintenance of the high biomass of the stands during the entire hydrological cycle.     

The loss of submerged plants with eutrophication I. Experimental design, water chemistry, aquatic plant and phytoplankton biomass in experiments carried out in ponds in the Norfolk Broadland

SUMMARY. 1 During eutrophication of shallow lakes, communities of submerged plants are often replaced by dense phytoplankton populations, but the mechanism by which this occurs is obscure though often assumed to involve shading. 2. This paper introduces a series investigating this change and describes a system of experimental ponds which were variously fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus, had fish added or removed, and had their submerged aquatic plants cleared or left intact. 3. Fertilization with phosphate and ammonium nitrate in quantities effectively greater than those in a series of lakes in the adjacent Norfolk Broads, which have lost their submerged plants, did not displace the plant populations. 4. Total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in the water did not increase much with increasing loading in the presence of submerged plants but did so if the plants were manually cleared. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations were kept low, despite large additions in both plant dominated and manually cleared ponds. 5. In the absence of fish there were modest increases in chlorophyll a concentrations with phosphorus loading in the presence or absence of submerged plants. The concentrations achieved, however, were much lower than anticipated probably because of grazing by large-bodied Cladocera. 6. Ponds dominated by plants continued to have low phytoplankton populations even when fish were stocked. Low fish survival in these ponds permitted grazing zooplankters to flourish. In ponds cleared of plants, however, there were significant relationships between cholorophyll a concentration with Daphnia biomass (inverse) and log stock of potentially zooplanktivorous fish (positive). There was a significant relationship between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations in the plant and cleared ponds in 1982 but only in the plant ponds in 1983. In all cases the phytoplankton communities were dominated by small, often flagellated, organisms.     

鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落特征及水质评价

为掌握白洋淀典型湖泊鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落结构及水体营养状况,于2018年秋季、2019年春季和夏季对该淀的浮游动物群落组成、密度、生物量和多样性进行调查研究,分析了主要水质理化指标,运用多变量统计方法分析浮游动群落结构与主要环境因子关系。共鉴定浮游动物3类52种,其中轮虫类种类数最多,为33种,占64.46%。共鉴定优势种23种,其中15个优势种为轮虫;浮游动物密度秋季最高,生物量夏季最高。冗余分析表明,氨氮、COD和总磷是轮虫群落分布的主要影响因子。综合多样性指数与水质指标评估鲥鯸淀水域处于中度污染状态。研究可为白洋淀生境保护和渔业资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。     

Biodiversity of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

Constructed wetlands are often built for wastewater treatment to mitigate the adverse effects of organic pollution in streams and rivers caused by inputs of municipal wastewater. However, there has been little analysis of biodiversity and related factors influencing the ecosystem functioning of constructed wetlands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of two free-water-surface integrated constructed wetlands in subtropical Taiwan by analyzing the water quality, habitat characteristics, and biotic communities of algae, macrophytes, birds, fish, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the treatment cells. Our results indicated that the two integrated constructed wetlands (Hsin-Hai II and Daniaopi Constructed Wetlands) achieved good performance in reducing the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and loadings of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from municipal sewage. In total, 58 bird species, 7 fish species, and 34 aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded in the two wetlands. The results of stepwise multiple regressions showed that the richness, abundance, and diversity of birds increased with wetland area. Fish richness and abundance respectively increased with wetland area and dissolved oxygen, while the diversity decreased with increases in TP concentrations. The richness and density of aquatic macroinvertebrates increased with the cover of aquatic macrophytes, while the diversity increased with wetland area. Ordination analyses indicated that variations in the community structures of birds, fishes, and aquatic macroinvertebrates were respectively best explained by water temperature, wetland area, and species richness of fish. Our results suggest that wetland area, cover of aquatic macrophytes, and water quality were the most important factors governing the diversity in the constructed wetlands, and that the factors influencing community structures varied among different taxonomic groups. In addition to improving water quality, this study implied that the biodiversity of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment can be enhanced through proper design and management.