抗atrazine转基因大豆的抗性遗传及某些生理,农艺性状

抗ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ基因导入大豆植株后不仅在Ｆ１代获表达,且已遗传到后代。通过正交与反交试验证明,其Ｆ１代植株对ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ的抗生性状均与其母本性状一致,即该性状为母系遗传,为细胞质基因,位于叶绿体ＤＮＡ上。通过导入抗生基因株与未导入抗性基因的对照株的光合速率测定、成分分析及农艺性状测定表明,两类植株间无明显差异。在喷施ａｔｒａｚｉｎｅ情况下,转基因株能表现出抗性。     

转基因抗矮花叶病玉米的遗传、表达及抗病性研究

目的：研究目的基因在转基因植株及其后代中遗传表达的稳定性,以及目的基因表达与抗病性的关系,最终得到转基因纯合株系。方法：以采用花粉介导法将RDV运动蛋白缺陷型（RDV MP^-）基因导入玉米自交系478的转基因种子（T0）作为试验材料,对其或其后代进行潮霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测、目的基因表达产物含量测定、农艺性状筛选,以及田间接种病毒的抗病鉴定。结果：通过潮霉素抗性筛选从T0种子获得了11株疑似转化植株;对T1、T2、T3代转基因植株的PCR分析证实目的基因已导入玉米植株,并显示随着转化植株世代交替,目的基因可稳定遗传给下一代,且目的基因在待测材料中的检出比例也随着代数的增加而提高;目的基因表达量的测定结果为1．83-11．57ng／mg叶片鲜重之间;田间接种玉米矮花叶病病毒试验结果证明转化植株比对照植株的抗矮花叶病能力有了显著提高,个别株系在T1代的发病率就为0,T1、T2、B代转化植株的抗病性逐代提高,比临近对照的抗病性提高2～5级;目的基因表达量与植株（系）的抗病性显著相关,r=0．923,P〈0．01;入选纯合系的农艺性状也有较大变化,穗粒数比对照系增加约5％。结论：通过以上方法,可以筛选到转基因抗病玉米纯合株系。     

使用双抗真菌蛋白基因提高水稻抗病性的研究

将含有串联的RC24基因和β-1,3－Glu基因的pGB12质粒与含有hpt基因的p35H质粒用基因枪法同时导入华南地区一优良籼稻（OryzasativaL．ssp．indica）品种“七丝软占”中。Southernblot分析证明获得17个同时整合有RC24基因和β-1,3－Glu基因的转基因系。而Northernblot分析表明在不同的转基因系中两基因的表达量存在很大差异。对R1及R2代转基因植株的分子分析表明,这两个基因已稳定遗传到R1、R2代,并在RNA水平上持续表达。转基因植株苗期抗稻瘟病试验表明,部分R1代转基因植株苗对广东省稻瘟病菌（Magnaphorthagrisea）中的5个代表菌株表现出不同程度的抗性提高。而其中18株抗性提高的R1代转基因植株的R2代各苗对广东省稻瘟病菌优势生理小种中的3个代表菌株表现出一致的抗性提高,结合分子分析,初步证明获得10株整合有RC24和β-1,3－Glu双基因的稻瘟病抗性提高的R1代转基因纯系植株。且这些转基因纯系植株的离体叶片对纹枯病菌（RhizoctoniaSolaniKuhn的抗性也明显提高。     

导入bar基因的水稻新植株可遗传

江苏省农业科学院粮作所王才林、赵凌、宗寿余等和中科院上海生化所龚蓁蓁等9位科研人员,用花粉管通道法将bar基因导入水稻获得可遗传的转基因植株。亦即他们利用花粉管通道法将抗Basta除草剂的bar基因导入水稻品系E32,获得转基因植株。但在T0代仅表现为部分抗性,T1代全部获得了抗性,T3代全部转基因植株能充分表达对Basta除草剂的抗性。通过对转基因植株后代进行PCR分析,证实了bar基因已整合到受体植株的基因组之中,以后又经过遗传分析表明,bar基因能在有性生殖过程中传递给后代植株,并在T3代开始就可分离出抗性一致的稳定株系。目前,其…     

基因枪法转化水稻E32后代非目标农艺性状变异的研究

采用基因枪法将4个抗真菌性病害基因(RAC22、RCH10、β-1,3-Glu和B-Rip)导入超级稻(Oryza sativa L.)恢复系E32中,经选择获得10个T4代转基因株系。分蘖盛期纹枯病抗性鉴定表明外源基因已在转基因株系中得到表达并获得抗性,这些转基因株系除了产生抗病性等目标性状的变异外,还发生生育期、植株形态、谷粒外观及产量性状等非目标农艺性状变异。对这些非目标性状进行遗传增益和稳定性分析表明,不同转化株系间或性状间的遗传增益均存在较大差异,其中遗传增益最高的性状是单株穗数、着粒密度和单株产量;各性状中以株高、穗长和谷粒外观性状的变异程度最低,单株穗数和千粒重的变异系数最大。通过选择可获得产量与品质性状均有提高的转基因水稻。     

转几丁质酶基因的小麦后代遗传分析和抗病性鉴定

转Chi基因小麦的T1、T2及T3代植株的遗传分析、抗白粉病鉴定和考察外源基因影响植株农艺性状的结果表明,T1和T2代中外源Chi基因的分离比均接近3：1,符合孟德尔遗传规律,Southern blot检测外源基因均为单拷贝整合。导入Chi基因的小麦对白粉病田间混合菌种的抵抗能力增强。除了株高和生育期以外,转基因植株的其他性状与未转基因的植株基本上相同。     

转OsMAPK4基因烟草的抗旱性研究与遗传分析

以低温处理的水稻辽盐241植株叶片总RNA为模板, 用OsMAPK4基因特异引物通过RT-PCR扩增出OsMAPK4基因, 构建了由E12启动子调控的OsMAPK4基因植物表达载体pBME12。通过农杆菌介导法将OsMAPK4基因导入烟草, 筛选获得25株转基因植株。抗旱性研究结果表明, OsMAPK4基因的超量表达提高了T1代转基因植株的抗旱性。卡那霉素抗性在T1代转基因植株中的分离情况表明, 大多数转基因株系符合单基因遗传规律。     

Z6／陕7859胚培养再生植株的细胞遗传学研究与易位系选育

二体附加系Ｚ６携带抗大麦黄矮病毒病基因,为了将其抗性导入小麦,将Ｚ６与普通小麦陕７８５９杂交,杂种Ｆ１经幼胚培养诱导形成再生植株,对再生植株及后代进行抗性鉴定,农艺性状考察及对ＳＣ２部分抗病植株花粉母细胞减数分裂期染色体行为进行了观察。结果表明,（１）ＳＣ２不同单株间存在染色体数目,结构的变异。（２）同一再生植株后代的不同单株,染色体数目可能相同,但染色体组成及减数分裂期行为可心不同,致使后代抗性     

转基因玉米株系纯合系选育及其农艺性状表现

目的：以携带水稻矮缩病毒（RDV）运动蛋白缺陷型（MP-）基因的转基因玉米种子T0为试验材料,通过分子分析、抗病鉴定及农艺性状筛选得到转基因纯合株系。方法：首先对转化种子进行潮霉素抗性筛选,其后对各代转基因材料进行PCR检测、农艺性状调查和抗病鉴定。结果：从645粒T0转化种子得到抗潮霉素植株246株,即T1转基因植株。T1、T2、T3、T4代材料的PCR检测阳性率分别为56.9%、83.9%、94.6%和99.8%,证明RDVMP-基因已被导入玉米自交系中,且目的基因可以稳定遗传到转基因植株及其后代。田间人工接种抗病鉴定结果表明,经过连续筛选,转基因后代植株（系）的抗病性不断提高,T1、T2、T3和T4代中的高抗病材料分别占总材料数的8.9%、31.5%、70.7%和100%;所选纯合系连续2年的发病率均为0,抗病性比相应对照株系提高4级。农艺性状调查结果表明,转基因株系的株高比对照株系高15.0～33.4cm,穗位高提高13.4～20.2cm,;穗长增加2.0～3.8cm,穗粒数增加10.2～22.8粒。结论：根据分子检测、田间抗病鉴定及农艺性状鉴定结果,选育到96C0502、96C0507和96C0513等抗矮花叶病转基因玉米纯合株系。     

玉米转座因子Ac／Ds导入水稻花药悬浮细胞并再生成植株

使用电激法将分别含玉米转座因子ＡＣ或Ｄｓ因子的质粒ＤＮＡ同时导入水稻花药悬浮系细胞团,得到转化抗性意伤组织,并分化成可育植株。对一些植株的ＤＮＡ进行了Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析和ＰＣ且扩增,发现导入的外源ＤＮＡ已整合到了水稻染色体上而且Ｄｓ因子已发生了转座。抗性测定表明转化植株Ｆ１代和Ｆ２代种子中的大多数仍有Ｄｓ因子存在。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.