COMPARISON OF THREE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN FOOD

Three PCR-based methods for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food (BAX for Screening, Probelia and a method according to Kaclíková et al. (2003) were compared on the basis of the determination of detection limits for 15 artificially contaminated food products. Detection limits of all methods for all samples were 10⁰ cfu per 10 g, with the exception of three cheese samples which did not produce valid results because of the inhibition of Probelia PCR. Detection limits for nonviable L. monocytogenes cells were sufficiently high ( 10⁹ cfu per 10 g) for BAX and the method according to Kaclíková et al. (2003), but considerably low ( 10⁶ cfu per 10 g) for Probelia. The results demonstrate that BAX for Screening as well as the Kaclíková et al. (2001) method fulfill the sensitivity requirements for a rapid alternative method for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, which would be equivalent to the standard method EN ISO 11290–1.     

检测中国对虾非包涵体型杆状病毒的PCR方法的建立

中国对虾非体型杆状病毒（ＰｃＮＯＢＶ）是中国大陆养殖的中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）暴发性流行病－－白斑征的主要病原,与台湾流行的ＰｍＮＯＢⅢ、泰国的ＰｍＮＯＢⅡ及日本的ＲＶ－ＰＪ（＝ＰＲＤＶ）有相似的致病特征、形态学及组织病理学特征。为了角ＰｃＮＯＢＶ与ＰｍＮＯＢⅢ两种地域分布邻近的毒株基因水平的关系,并建立早期、敏感、特异的检测技术,利用氯化铯密度梯度超速离心技术分离纯化了ＰｃＮ     

应用反转录—聚合酶链反应检测口蹄疫病毒

建立了一种适用于检测动物（猪、牛、羊）组织（肌肉、淋巴结、脊髓、扁桃体和蹄冠皮）和牛食道－咽部分泌物（Ｏ－Ｐ液）中的口蹄疫（ＦＭＤ）病毒核酸（ＲＮＡ）的反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术。引物对是人工合成的两条２０ｍｅｒ寡核苷酸片段,它们的序列相应于ＦＭＤ病毒结构蛋白ＶＰ１基因后２／３区段,在４个血清型之间基本一致（保守）。ＰＣＲ产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。试验结果表明,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ具有良好的     

THE USE OF A SELECTIVE MEDIUM FOR THE ENUMERATION OF LACTOBACILLI IN CHEDDAR CHEESE

SUMMARY: The use of a selective solid medium for counting lactobacilli in Cheddar cheese is described. It has proved useful for this purpose, especially in the early period of ripening when large numbers of streptococci render other methods impracticable.
The medium, in a semisolid form, is more sensitive for the detection of heterofermentation in lactobacilli than media previously available. The possibility of using it to count heterofermentative lactobacilli and leuconostocs is discussed.     

多聚酶链反应技术鉴别肾综合征出血热病毒血清型的初步研究

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)为一组抗原性密切相关的布尼亚科汉坦病毒引起的急性传染病。在我国存在至少两种临床表现、动物宿主及流行特征截然不同的血清型别,即血清Ⅰ型(汉坦型)和血清Ⅱ型(汉城型)。这两型病毒间的血清学定型已有报道。近年来,除啮齿类动物外,从临床病人以及非啮齿类动物体内也分离到了HFRS病毒。同时出现两类型别毒株共存,以及从家鼠体内分离到野鼠型毒株或从野鼠体内分离到家鼠型毒株的复杂情形。为此,准确检定并鉴别不同来源毒株型别,将为深入了解其病原学、流行病学以及制定疫苗生产策略提供重要信息。     

APPLICATION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIGATION ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLAE IN PROCESSED MEAT, POULTRY, FISH, AND PET FOODS

We have tested a rapid and sensitive DNA-based assay for the detection of Salmonella serovars in a number of different processed meat, fish, poultry, and pet food samples. This technique uses an enrichment broth cultivation followed by a Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) to specifically detect amplified PCR products in an ELISA-based microtiter plate format. The combined cultivation and PCR-OLA techniques were compared with a conventional culture method and with DNA hybridizations of PCR products for the detection of Salmonella bacteria. Eighty-one different processed meat, poultry, and pet food samples were screened for the presence of Salmonella serovars after 24 h and 48 h of enrichment broth cultivation. After 24 h of incubation, one ground turkey sample was positive by both culture and PCR-OLA (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity). After 48 h of incubation, two additional samples (ground beef and a dog food sample) were positive by both culture and PCR-OLA (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity), and three other samples (two ground beef samples and one ground turkey) were positive only by PCR-OLA (96.1% specificity). All positive PCR-OLA results were confirmed in DNA hybridizations with an oligonucleotide specific for the amplified PCR product. When compared to conventional culture, the combined 48 h enrichment and PCR-OLA had a positive predictive value of 50% and a negative predictive value of 100%. We concluded that a combined cultivation and PCR-OLA could be used as a sensitive and specific presumptive screening method for detecting Salmonella serovars in processed meat, fish, poultry, and pet foods.     

应用PCR方法检测油菜菌核病菌对多菌灵的抗药性*

通过保守的寡核苷酸引物B1/B3扩增出油菜菌核病菌MBCHR和MBCS菌株的部分β-微管蛋白基因,结果发现编码的198位氨基酸由Glu(GAG)突变为Ala(GCG),表现高水平抗药性。根据MBCHR菌株的突变设计2个快速检测方法:第一种方法是根据MBCHR菌株197和198位密码子(GACGAG→GACGCG)形成ThaI酶切位点(3’CGCG 5’),将B1/B3的扩增产物874bp片段酶切成193bp和681bp片段,而MBCS菌株的PCR产物不被酶切;第二种方法用198位突变密码子作为3’末端碱基设计2个等位基因特异性寡核苷酸引物(ASO)用于“nested”PCR或直接从基因组DNA扩增。通过PCR扩增和ThaI酶切能直接检测油菜菌核病菌的MBCHR和MBCS菌株,所得结果与传统菌落直径法相吻合。     

应用PCR方法检测油菜菌核病菌对多菌灵的抗药性

通过保守的寡核苷酸引物B1/B3扩增出油菜菌核病菌MBCHR和MBCS菌株的部分β-微管蛋白基因,结果发现编码的198位氨基酸由Glu(GAG)突变为Ala(GCG),表现高水平抗药性。根据MBCHR菌株的突变设计2个快速检测方法:第一种方法是根据MBCHR菌株197和198位密码子(GACGAG→GACGCG)形成ThaI酶切位点(3’CGCG 5’),将B1/B3的扩增产物874bp片段酶切成193bp和681bp片段,而MBCS菌株的PCR产物不被酶切;第二种方法用198位突变密码子作为3’末端碱基设计2个等位基因特异性寡核苷酸引物(ASO)用于“nested”PCR或直接从基因组DNA扩增。通过PCR扩增和ThaI酶切能直接检测油菜菌核病菌的MBCHR和MBCS菌株,所得结果与传统菌落直径法相吻合。     

RPC技术检测儿童龈炎中的卟啉单胞菌

根据牙龈卟啉单胞菌特异的纤毛亚单位蛋白结构基因,设计一对寡核苷酸引物,采用ＰＣＲ扩增了１３１ｂｐ特异片段,实验证明,ＰＣＲ直接检测临床标本中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,不仅特异、敏感、而且快速,从而显示了较好的优越性。用该引物,分析牙龈卟啉单胞菌在儿童龈炎中的分布。经ＰＣＲ检测４６例龈下菌斑标本中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,结果表明：２４例标本ＰＣＲ为阳性;对照组４６例标本中,牙龈卟啉单胞菌仅有５例为阳性,儿童龈炎中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率明显高出正常组（ｐ＞０００５）。提示用ＰＣＲ检测儿童龈炎中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有重要意义。     

细胞培养中支原体污染的PCR检测

根据支原体16s rDNA序列,选择RemyTeyssou设计的三条寡核苷酸链,组成两套引物:P_(1-2a)能检测出细胞培养中常见的各种支原体,P_(1-2b)能检出无胆甾原体。反应可检出体系中10CFV的菌体。此法先用于对实验室人为污染支原体Vero细胞的检测,后与DNA 染色法和培养法比较,检测了49份生物样品,其中24份传代细胞,PCR检测的阳性率为58％,DNA染色法为42％,培养法为33％;三者的灵敏性比较,PCR可检出10~(-3)稀释度的阳性样品,高于其他两种方法。此PCR方法快速、灵敏、特异,适用于细胞培养中支原体污染的检测。     

贝类派琴虫和折光马尔太虫二重荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据基因库中派琴虫和折光马尔太虫基因序列,设计了两对特异性引物和两条用不同荧光基团标记的TaqMan探针。对反应条件和试剂浓度进行优化,建立了能够同时检测派琴虫和折光马尔太虫的二重荧光定量PCR方法。该方法对派琴虫和折光马尔太虫的检测敏感性达到40个模板拷贝数;对派琴虫和折光马尔太虫不同浓度模板进行组合,该方法仍可有效地同时检测出这二种原虫。研究建立的派琴虫和折光马尔太虫荧光定量PCR具有特异、敏感、快速、定量和重复性好等优点,可用于临床上派琴虫和折光马尔太虫感染的检测。       

用PCR检测临床血标本中人类细小病毒B19 DNA

用ＰＣＲ检测临床血标本中人类细小病毒Ｂ１９　ＤＮＡ杨洪江,张桦,林书祥,牛艾茹（天津市儿童医院儿研所,天津３０００７４）关键词聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）,人类细小病毒Ｂ１９几种人类细小病毒中,只有Ｂ１９病毒是人类的病原体。由于该病毒不能在体外繁殖,获得该...     

REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS FOR TOPICAL USE

Real-time PCR assays, based on LightCycler^TM hybridization probes technology, originally developed for detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples, were adapted to pharmaceutical products for topical use. After optimization experiments, the applicability of optimized PCR assays was assessed by testing 34 different pharmaceutical products for topical use in parallel with standard microbiological protocol according to European Pharmacopoeia. To reveal any problematic substances, which might inhibit PCR reaction, pharmaceutical products with as much different dosage forms as possible and of different composition were selected. Complete concordance between PCR and standard microbiological protocol results was obtained on a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical products. The adapted PCR assays can detect 1–10 CFU of both bacteria per gram or milliliter of pharmaceutical product in 26 h (including 24-h enrichment), whereas standard microbiological methods require 5–7 days. Real-time PCR assays proved to be efficient tools for rapid screening of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in pharmaceutical products for topical use.     

用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）液中的嗜肺军团杆菌

本文研究了由嗜肺军团杆菌的巨噬细胞感染性增效子（ｍｉｐ）基因设计的一对引物,用ＰＣＲ扩增嗜肺军团杆菌３、５、７、８血清型的４个标准菌株的特异ＤＮＡ序列,研究了用该引物扩增ＢＡＬ液中嗜肺军团菌特异ＤＮＡ序列的方法、灵敏度及特异性。结果表明：用上述引物扩增嗜肺军团菌４个标准菌株的ＤＮＡ,均可得到２０７ｂｐ的特异扩增产物,ＢＡＬ液中的军团菌经离心及裂解液裂解后,可直接进行ＤＮＡ扩增,当ＢＡＬ与液中军团菌量为２×１０３ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ时,即可检测出特异扩增带（电泳法）,除军团菌外,其它受试细菌均无此特异性扩增,用本法对４２例临床非典型肺炎患者的ＢＡＬ液进行嗜肺军团菌的检测,在４２份嗜肺军团菌培养均为阴性的ＢＡＬ液中,其中一例ＰＣＲ检测军团菌为阳性。本研究提示：用ＰＣＲ检测ＢＡＬ液中的军团菌是可行的,并有快速、灵敏、特异之忧点。     

PCR直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌

目的：应用PCR方法直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌与牙周病活动部位的关系,探讨其方法的可行性并探讨其主要可疑牙周致病菌的分布规律。方法：应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑致病菌16s RNA保守区域片段。40名受试者包括牙周病患者20人,每人同口取一个牙周病活动部位,一个相对健康或牙周病静止对照部位;成人健康者20人,每人各取一个标本。结果：龈下菌斑5种可疑牙周致病菌在牙周病活动部位的检出率牙龈卟啉菌为86％,福赛类杆菌为95％,螺旋体为86％,中间普氏菌和黑色普氏菌分别为95％和33％,均显著高于同口部位对照组和健康对照组。结论：PCR直接检测菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、福赛类杆菌、齿密螺旋体及黑色普氏菌匀与牙周炎活动部位相关。