沙棘果肉油脂的简易提取法及果肉油脂与种子油脂的理化指标比较

沙棘(Hippophae rhanmoides L.)具有很高的经济价值。沙棘的叶、枝、根、果实和种子可以提取多种生物活性物质。特别是沙棘油,其除工业和食用外,还具有重要的医用价值。沙棘油不仅存在于沙棘种子内,也存在于沙棘的果实、果肉、叶子中。据报导,沙棘油中含有维生素E、F、K、A,以及类胡萝卜素、β—谷固醇等物质,尤以果肉油中的维生素A含量最多。沙棘油具有抗辐射、抗疲劳、增强肌肉活力的性能。据N.N.马塔福诺夫报道,     

沙棘高效高值综合利用技术的研究

本文对沙棘的主要可利用成分沙棘果汁、沙棘黄酮、沙棘籽油等的高效高值综合利用进行了系统性的研究,提出了沙棘果的综合利用加工工艺,能够将沙棘中的常规营养成分、功能性成分、沙棘黄酮、沙棘籽油和花青素得到有效的提取和分离,实现沙棘果的价值最大化。     

沙棘资源、药用状况及其对心血管疾病药理作用概述

沙棘在药品、保健品、食品、化妆品、生态保护等领域具有很高的研究和开发价值，在民族医学领域应用广泛、历史悠久，现代研究也发现了许多有益于人类健康的药理作用。本文对国内外沙棘的分类分布和基本形态特征、在民族医学中的药用历史以及中医药对沙棘的开发应用现状进行归纳、梳理，在此基础上主要总结现代研究关于沙棘对心血管疾病的药理作用，全面客观的反应沙棘巨大的潜在药用价值。最后，建议通过整合沙棘资源优势、传统临床应用经验、现代基础研究成果，深度开发对治疗心血管疾病的药物，提升沙棘的应用价值，为人类健康造福。     

沙棘油对实验性血栓形成及凝血系统的影响

沙棘油能使实验性血栓形成延迟,具有预防血栓形成的作用。沙棘油有一定的抗凝作用,主要参与内源性凝血系统;且有促纤溶作用,明显降低纤维蛋白原含量,使血浆鱼精蛋白副凝试验呈阳性反应。     

中国沙棘种子油成分分析

对辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃和内蒙古等六个省（区）八个产地的沙棘种子的含油率、种子油的理化常数和各种营养成分进行了分析比较研究,为中国沙棘种子油的利用和建立统一的沙棘种子油标准提供了依据。中国沙棘种子含油率为７．３２～９．８３％。油中饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸之比为１：７．０～８．２。油中ＶＥ含量为１１５～２３９ｍｇ％,其中α－生育酚占２０．２５～５１．７３％。胡萝卜素含量在５．７０～１４．９０ｍｇ％。     

沙棘属植物弗兰克氏菌研究进展

弗兰克氏菌(Frankia spp.)能够与沙棘等非豆科植物形成根瘤进行共生固氮,其固氮效率远远高于豆科植物根瘤菌,与沙棘共生的弗兰克氏菌还能够促进沙棘对旱寒等各种不同生境的适应性,是自然界一类具有开发潜力的放线菌资源。为了更好地开发利用弗兰克氏菌资源,推进弗兰克氏菌分类鉴定工作,加强弗兰克氏菌与寄主植物共生结瘤固氮的机制研究,促使弗兰克氏菌在农业生产中得到尽快应用,本文简要介绍沙棘属(Hippophae L.)物种多样性、结瘤状况与分布特点、沙棘根瘤形态结构与功能、弗兰克氏菌物种多样性与分布特征,讨论弗兰克氏菌的结瘤机制、生理生态效应与作用机制以及影响沙棘属植物与弗兰克氏菌共生的主要因子,以期为进一步开展沙棘属植物弗兰克氏菌的系统研究提供有价值的参考。     

沙棘油对运动大鼠心肌及肝脏抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的:研究沙棘油对6周递增负荷运动训练大鼠心肌及肝脏自由基的影响。方法:通过对运动大鼠按一定方式分组实验,选取心脏及肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)四个抗氧化指标进行测试。结果:运动训练后灌胃沙棘油能显著提高大鼠心肌及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性,并能显著降低丙二醛的含量。结论:证实了沙棘油具有增强抗氧化酶活性和提高大鼠运动能力的作用。     

沙棘油的成份分析——游离脂肪酸的测定

本文用气相色谱法对我国新疆、内蒙、山西等六个地区的沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidesl.)果肉和种子油脂肪酸进行分析测定。用内标法定量;标样与气一质联用相结合定性。结果表明:沙棘油脂肪酸的组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主。其中,果肉油中油酸含量最高,其次是棕榈油酸;而种子油则以高含量的亚油酸和亚麻酸为特色。可见,沙棘油确实是优良的医药和保健用油,大有开发利用的价值。     

沙棘黄酮提取进展

沙棘黄酮是食药两用植物沙棘主要的保健与药用成分,具有重要的生理活性,能够清除体内的自由基,防治心血管疾病和抗衰老的作用。本文概述了国内外对沙棘资源的开发利用研究状况,综述了沙棘黄酮类化合物提取方法的最新研究进展,为充分利用沙棘资源和开发沙棘黄酮提供科学研究基础。     

沙棘、蓝莓粉复合沙棘油软糖的研制

以沙棘粉、蓝莓超微果粉为主料,复合适当比例沙棘油,并按照比例加入白砂糖、果葡糖浆、柠檬酸、果油和明胶等辅料,通过合理的工艺,研制开发出了具有一定保健功能的沙棘蓝莓粉复合油软糖。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验设计结合感官评价得到风味独特的保健软糖。其在口感和各项性状指标最佳的工艺配方为：沙棘、蓝莓果粉的添加量为18%,沙棘油的添加量为08%,固定比例组分明胶的添加量为14%。软糖成品水分含量为206%、硬度为275g、pH为54,维生素C含量为5368mg/100g,弹性良好,咀嚼性好,胶黏性小。     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor