紫色大花矮牵牛组织培养与植株再生

矮牵牛叶片外植体在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上培养3周后产生致密的浅绿色愈伤组织;转入芽分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+4-PU 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L 1周后,从愈伤组织表面不断分化产生幼芽;待幼芽长至3cm时转接至生根培养基1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+GA₃0.5mg/L中生根,长成完整植株。     

Production of glycyrrhizin in callus cultures of licorice

Licorice plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, were investigated for callus induction using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with auxins and cytokinins. After 4 weeks of culture, 33-100% of leaf or stem explants formed calli. Maximum of shoot induction from callus cultures was achieved by G. inflata stem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) (67%) which also gave maximum shoot formation per explant (two shoots per explant). These results indicated that all three Glycyrrhiza species regenerated shoots from callus cultures on MS medium combined with NAA and BA or only thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). Glycyrrhizin contents of G. uralensis calli induced using MS medium in combination with NAA and BA [(27.60 +/- 8.47) microg/g DW] or TDZ alone [(36.52 +/- 2.45) microg/ g DW] were higher than those found in other combinations.     

银杏愈伤组织培养及其黄酮类化合物的测定(简报)

采用银杏胚、胚乳及3个月苗龄的苗叶为外植体,在附加不同激素的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,从愈伤组织中提取黄酮类化合物并测定其含量。结果表明,由胚诱导的愈伤组织中黄酮类化合物含量最高。     

枸杞髓组织培养中体细胞胚胎发生与过氧化物酶同工酶分析

枸杞髓组织在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L培养基上诱导愈伤组织发生。在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L+CH50 0 mg/ L培养基上继代培养 ,再转入 MS+6 - BA2 mg/L +NAA 0 .5mg/ L的分化培养基上进行分化培养。显微观察表明 ,在培养过程中愈伤组织细胞由非胚性细胞转变为胚性细胞 ,直至发育成体细胞胚胎和完整植株 ;电泳结果显示 ,体细胞胚胎发生的各阶段 ,其过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化。     

茶条槭愈伤组织的再生体系建立及其没食子酸含量的测定

通过愈伤组织诱导途径,建立了快速高效的茶条槭再生体系。成熟种子在MS＋1．0mg·L^-1 6-BA的培养基中萌发,以茎段作为外植体,在WPM＋0．002-0．01mg·L^-1 TDZ＋0．1mg·L^-1 6-BAR培养3周诱导形成愈伤组织,诱导频率平均为98．0％。愈伤组织转入WPM＋0．01mg·L^-1 TDZ＋0．1mg·L-^1 6-BA培养基中得到再生芽,分化频率为42．0％,平均每块愈伤产生再生芽10个左右。转到WPM＋0．3mg·L^-1 IBA的培养基上的再生芽均可生根并长成完整植株,小苗移栽成活率达到89．0％。实验还建立了愈伤组织中没食子酸的提取和HPLC检测方法。对深绿色愈伤组织连续培养2个继代后,没食子酸含量达到2．8％。     

Regeneration of plantlets from the callus of stem segments of adult plants of Ficus religiosa L.

Stem segments of adult plants of Ficus religiosa L. cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D produced callus. Shoots were regenerated when the induced calli were transferred to medium supplemented with 0.05 to 2.0 mg/l BAP. Callus derived shoots produced roots and developed into plantlets when transferred to medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA.Abbreviations MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

In vitro propagation of the medicinal plant Ziziphora tenuior L. and evaluation of its antioxidant activity

Ziziphora tenuior L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb used for its medicinal values against fungi, bacteria. Micropropagation can be used for large-scale multiplication of essential oil producing plants thus avoiding an overexploitation of natural resources. This work aims to develop a reliable protocol for the in vitro propagation of Z. tenuior, and to compare the antioxidant activity between in vitro propagated and wild plants.The explants were sterilized and cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with 0.5 mg/L of kinetin (Kin) callus formation was 70.2% after 45 days of incubation in dark on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L of NAA. After one month of callus culture on medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA the shoot number was 5.12 and for the multiplication stage. The shoot number was 4.21 and length was 6.17 cm on medium supplemented with 1 mg/L Kin + 0.1 mg/L NAA.DPPH• reagent was used to test the antioxidant activity. The aqueous and methanol extracts of in vitro plants which were treated with 1.5 and 1 mg/L of kin plus 0.1 mg/L of NAA showed a strong DPPH• scavenging activity where IC₅₀ was 0.307 and 0.369 mg/ml, respectively, while the IC₅₀ of aqueous and methanol extracts of wild plants was 0.516 and 9.229 mg/ml, respectively. Our results suggested that plant growth regulators and in vitro culture conditions increased the antioxidant activity.     

党参的离体培养及植株再生的研究

在附加激素的MS培养基上,培养党参下胚轴和无菌芽切段,诱导产生愈伤组织并且再生植株。经过两年多(15个世代)的继代培养,建立了党参体细胞无性系。实验结果表明:(1)培养基MS 0.4mg/L 2,4-D 0.8mg/L Kt 2.0mg/L IAA对愈伤组织诱导及继代培养,MS 0.2mg/L 6-BA诱导外植体产生丛芽和愈伤组织再分化,MS 0.5mg/L NAA 0.2mg/L 6-BA及MS 0.2mg/L NAA诱导生根效果最好。(2)愈伤组织再分化经过胚状体途径。     

中国木薯栽培种通过器官发生再生植株研究

本文研究了中国木薯栽培种四种外植体通过器官发生再生植株的条件。结果表明:在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,1mg/L BA的培养基上“NZ 188”初步的萌发胚状体“切头”后切口处可直接产生丛芽,出芽率为43%。“SC201”胚状体子叶块在MS附加0.5 mg/L NAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上可直接出芽,出芽率为42%,在MS附加0.5mg/L IBA,1.5mg/L BA培养基上·出芽率为31%,AgNO_3和ABA单独使用或配合使用均不利于芽的再生。“NZ188”胚状体下胚轴在MS附加0.5mg/LNAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上形成的愈伤组织转入MS附加1mg/L NAA,2mg/L BA的培养基上,3周后大多数愈伤组织有绿点出现、仅4.4%外植体分化出芽。“HZ188”无菌苗茎段接种在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,2mg/LBA的固体培养基上,2周后形成大量愈伤组织,4周后仅见一块愈伤组织分化出芽。     

江西铅山红芽芋胚性愈伤组织的包埋玻璃化超低温保存

为长期安全保存江西铅山红芽芋种质资源,本文以江西铅山红芽芋的胚性愈伤组织为对象,研究了包埋玻璃化冻存过程中各因素对细胞活力和愈伤组织成活率的影响,优化建立了江西铅山红芽芋胚性愈伤组织包埋玻璃化超低温保存体系。将约0.2 g胚性愈伤组织块包埋成海藻酸钙凝胶珠后,在25℃下转入MS+2 mg/L TDZ+1 mg/L NAA+0.75 mol/L蔗糖的培养基中于14 h/d光周期下预培养1 d;预培养后的胚性愈伤组织块用2 mol/L甘油和0.4 mol/L蔗糖的混合物在25℃下装载40 min;采用PVS2在25℃下脱水30 min,更换PVS2后直接投入液氮保存1 d;再将胚性愈伤组织块置于37℃恒温水浴中化冻3 min,然后用MS+2 mg/L TDZ+1 mg/L NAA+1.2 mol/L蔗糖的液体培养基洗涤3次,每次10 min;洗涤后的胚性愈伤组块转入MS+2 mg/L TDZ+1mg/L NAA固体培养基上先暗培养7 d再转到14 h/d光周期中培养。7 d后胚性愈伤组织块开始恢复生长,并且在30 d内分化出胚状体;将胚状体再次转入MS+2 mg/L TDZ+1 mg/L NAA固体培养基上,60 d后形成完整的植株。红芽芋胚性愈伤组织包埋玻璃化超低温保存后的平均成活率约为60%,并且红芽芋胚性愈伤组织冻后再生苗没有发生形态性状和染色体数目的变异,此结果为长期安全保存江西铅山红芽芋种质资源奠定了良好的基础。     

Rapid and stable propagation ofOrnithogalum umbellatum L. in long term culture

Callus cultures were raised from bulb scale segments ofOrinthogalum umbellatum L. (Liliaceae), on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with 8 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Bulbous shoots developed from calli after 2 months using MS medium with 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l N⁶ - benzyladenine (BA). Shoots were also induced directly from scales of regenerated bulb used as secondary explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA. Shoots developed roots in 1/2 - strength MS medium. Regenerants multiplied rapidly in 1/2-MS liquid medium. Chromosome instability was reduced in callus grown on 2 mg/l NAA compared to callus grown on 8 mg/l NAA. Callus retained regeneration potential for 5 years in this modified MS medium. The chromosome analysis of regenerants dervied from callus, even from long term culture of 5 years, revealed only diploid cells with normal karyotype comprising 2n=46 chromosomes. Stable nature of callus and regenerants were further confirmed by cytophotometry. This procedure can be applied for securing stable regenerants on a mass scale inO. umbellatum.     

在1/3海水培养基上筛选豆瓣菜耐盐变异体

The responses of stem segments of watercress ( Nasturtium offtcinale R. Br. ) to 6-BA, NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintainance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt. tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.     

蛇床幼茎离体培养中体细胞胚胎形成的观察

蛇床幼茎外植体经诱导产生了愈伤组织。在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ,０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基中,愈伤组织转变成胚性愈伤组织。转入ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基以后,胚性愈伤组织分化出体细胞胚胎。体细胞胚胎在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基中可直接发育成为完整植析。显微观察表明,体细胞胚胎产生于愈伤组织的表层细胞或内部细胞。在鱼雷胚期已有螺纹导管的分化。子叶期的维管组织从两     

An efficient and reproducible method for regeneration of whole plants from mature seeds of a high yielding Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety PAU 201

Tissue culture is one of the tools necessary for genetic engineering and many other breeding programs. Moreover, selection of high regenerating rice varieties is a pre-requisite for success in rice biotechnology. In this report we established a reproducible plant regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis. The explants used for regeneration were embryogenic calli derived from mature seeds cultured on callus induction media. For callus induction mature seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose combined with 560 mg/l proline and 1.5-3.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5-1.5 mg/l Kin. For plant regeneration, embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, supplemented with 1.0-3.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5-1.5 mg/l Kin and 0.5-1.5 mg/l NAA. The highest frequency of callus induction (44.4%) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l Kin, 560 mg/l proline and 30 g/l sucrose. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (42.5%) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kin. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil in earthen pots. The developed method was highly reproducible. The in vitro developed plants showed normal growth and flowering under glasshouse conditions.     

杯山药零余子愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

对怀山药（Ｄｉｏｓｃｏｒｅａ ｏｐｐｏｓｉｔａ）零余子愈伤组织的诱导、分化、再生苗的生根和移栽进行了研究。结果表明：⑴在不同激素组合的培养基上怀山药零余子均能产生愈作组织,而且具有一次成苗的能力。ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基对诱导愈伤组织最有利,其出愈率达１００％;⑵在愈伤组织的分化中,ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的激素组合是最佳的,其分化率为６３．６％,且多形成丛生芽;⑶再生植株     

茎用芥菜细胞质雄性不育系子叶原生质体培养和高效植株再生（英文）

利用茎用芥菜细胞质雄性不育系原生质体培养获得了再生植株,并研究了影响原生质体培养的因素.结果表明,子叶是茎用芥菜原生质体培养最佳的外植体,10 d苗龄的子叶原生质体在改良MS培养基上培养3 d后发生第1次细胞分裂,6 d后发生第2次分裂,3周后形成细胞团,5周后形成肉眼可见的小愈伤.培养基中缺少NAA或2,4-D都会降低愈伤组织的再生能力.在含一定浓度的NAA(0.25 mg/L)和2,4-D(0.25 mg/L)培养基上诱导的愈伤组织质地致密且有光泽,芽的分化能力高;在MS+BA l mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基上芽的分化频率高达近29%,再生芽在1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L培养基上生根,形成完整植株.     

海石竹的离体快繁及核型分析

以海石竹 (Armeriamaritima)的叶片为外植体 ,经离体培养诱导产生愈伤组织 ,再分化形成不定芽 ,并经过继代增殖和壮苗生根 ,获得完整的再生植株 ,最后对其再生植株进行核型分析。结果表明 ,海石竹叶片的愈伤组织诱导和分化的适宜培养基为MS +BA 1 .0mg/L +NAA 0 .2mg/L ,诱导初期进行 7d暗培养 ,最佳增殖培养基为MS+BA 1 .0mg/L +NAA 0 .1mg/L ,生根培养基为MS+NAA 0 .2mg/L。以上培养基均含蔗糖3 0 g/L ,琼脂 5g/L ,pH 5 .8。海石竹的核型公式为 2n=2x=1 8=1 0m +8sm ,存在染色体数目变异的现象。     

Plantlet regeneration through indirect shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., a medicinal plant

A protocol for the regeneration of a large number of plantlets via indirect shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis has been developed from the stem and leaf explants of Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. The callus was efficiently induced from the explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) + Benzyl amino purine (BAP) (1.0?+?0.1 mg/l). The highest number of plantlets through indirect shoot organogenesis was obtained when the callus was subcultured to MS medium with BAP + NAA (0.1?+?1.0 mg/l). The maximum number of plantlets via somatic embryos was obtained in the medium with BAP + NAA (1.0?+?0.1 mg/l) for stem derived calli and Kinetin (Kn) + NAA (2.0?+?0.1 mg/l) for leaf derived calli. The in vitro developed shoots were rooted well in half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened using a mixture of sterile sand:soil:manure (1:1:1). The present study is the first report on the regeneration of plants through somatic embryogenesis from stem and leaf derived calli of J. gendarussa.     

茎用芥菜细胞质雄性不育系子叶原生质体培养和高效植株再生

利用茎用芥菜细胞质雄性不育系原生质体培养获得了再生植株,并研究了影响原生质体培养的因素.结果表明,子叶是茎用芥菜原生质体培养最佳的外植体,10 d苗龄的子叶原生质体在改良MS培养基上培养3 d后发生第1次细胞分裂,6 d后发生第2次分裂,3周后形成细胞团,5周后形成肉眼可见的小愈伤.培养基中缺少NAA或2,4-D都会降低愈伤组织的再生能力.在含一定浓度的NAA(0.25 mg/L)和2,4-D(0.25 mg/L)培养基上诱导的愈伤组织质地致密且有光泽,芽的分化能力高;在MS+BA l mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基上芽的分化频率高达近29%,再生芽在1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L培养基上生根,形成完整植株.     

Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts ofDianthus superbus

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts ofDianthus superbus were cultured at a density of 5 × 10⁴ protoplasts/ml and divided at about 18% plating efficiency in MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP, 2.0 mg/L NAA and 9% mannitol after 2 weeks. Protocolonies formed after 3 to 4 weeks of culture in the dark at 27°C. These colonies were transferred to continuous illumination (21.5 E m^–2 sec^–1) for 2 weeks where most of the colonies divided to form microcalli, about 2 mm in diameter. Subsequently, green microcalli were transferred to MS solidified medium with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D that induced shoot-forming calli after 4 weeks. These calli were transferred onto N₆-2 medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 2.0 mg/L kinetin and 2.0 g/L casein hydrolysate and were cultured under light. After 5 weeks the calli gave rise to multiple shoots (10 to 15 per callus). Upon transfer to MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L NAA, individual shoots were rooted in 4 weeks. The regenerants were successfully transplanted into potting soil.Abbreviations MS Murashige and Skoog - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid - N₆ Chu basal salt mixture - MES 2-N-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid