Operational experience of disinfection service of Novosibirsk region with liquidation of the avian flu foci in Kupinsky, Zdvinsky and Dovolensky regions in August, 2005

Results of work of disinfection service using a complex of disinfecion's measures on a mode against virus infections are resulted. In view of absence now methodical normative documents on modes of disinfection in the centers of the bird's flu the recommendations on use of new disinfectants are made.     

Organization of antiepidemic and antiepizootic measures during liquidation of the mass losses of poultry from from avian flu in Novosibirsk region

The data on preparation of the basic documents regulating work in conditions of an extreme situation--registration of a mass destruction of poultry in personal farmsteads of citizens in Novosibirsk region are submitted. Circuits of the daily reporting on a case, on household detours, under actions of depopulation of poultry have been developed. Cited concrete works given on the periods, the order of decision-making, action of special structures and results of work for the period of avian flu epizootia.     

Epizootic and epidemiological situation with the avian flu in Dovolensk and Kupinsk areas of Novosibirsk region and the preventive measures

Results of the analysis registered avian flu epizootia are submitted. Diseases were registered as among wild birds, and poultry. From a biological material from a poultry and wild bird of some villages of Novosibirsk region the influenza virus type A (H5N1) is allocated. Carrying out sanitary and antiepidemic measures is organized. It is established, that disease and a mass destruction of poultry have taken place after contact to a wild bird on lakes. It is revealed, that the degree of distribution of a mass destruction of poultry on farmsteads in the struck territories depends on terms of carrying out of necessary measures on localization of the foci. Occurrence of new cases of disease among wild birds and poultry in 2006 as lakes in this territory are a place of nesting of the wild birds being the reservoir of the influenza virus is predicted.     

The organization, control and coordination of measures for localization and liquidation of mass poultry loss and prevention of human diseases caused by avian flu in Ordynsk area of Novosibirsk region

Materials on the organization, the control and to coordination of actions of services in carrying out of actions on localization and liquidation of the centers of a mass destruction of birds and preventive measures of people diseases by avian flu during the period from July, 21 till September, 18, 2005 are submitted. The basic actions which have been carried out by a territorial department, the quarantine of poultry excluding contact with wild birds, depopulation of a sick and suspicious birds on disease and disinfection in the foci of a mass case, including installation disinfection barriers, etc. As a result of spent actions the bird's mass destruction has been stopped, quarantine is taken off 10.11.2005. The conclusion is made, that due to carrying out sanitary-preventive and antiepidemic measures it is possible not only to locate, but also completely to liquidate a mass destruction of birds.     

Epizootic situation with the avian flu in Kurgan region

The epizootia on avian flu and a measure on its liquidation are stated. The increase in number of a wild waterfowl in 2005 is marked in comparison with 2002. It is determined, that disease among poultry arose in the facilities which are taking place near of reservoirs at ride out of its contents. The complex of sanitary-and-hygienic measures are carried out with the purpose of the prevention of disease among people. Cases of disease caused by an avian influenza among people it is not revealed.     

Some aspects of avian flu in the Tyumen region

The list of the actions spent in the summer of 2005 in territory of the Tyumen region, in connection with a destruction of wild birds and poultry from the avian flu is submitted. Except for the quarantine and other sanitary-epidemic measures warning drift of a avian influenza virus in facilities, it is carried out of serological monitoring among workers of poultry-farming facilities and the population of the struck settlements on presence of antibodies to an influenza A (H5N1) virus. Taking into account ways of migration of a wild waterfowl in this territory, probability of contact to it and risk of infection of people, the conclusion about necessity of continuation the monitoring behind circulation of an avian influenza virus in region is made.     

Epizootia of the avian flu among the wild waterfowl in Sargatsk of Omsk region in 2005

The epidemiological characteristic of avian flu among a wild waterfowl in Sargatsk region in 2005 is presented. The analysis of the climate-geographical characteristic of region and the data on migration and specific structure of a wild waterfowl, and also results of investigation of the facts of its destruction are submitted. Laboratory research with the PCR help has confirmed presence of influenza virus A (H5N1) at a wild birds. As a result of carried out in the period of epizootia in full preventive and antiepidemic measures, including quarantine contacts resulted in absence between a wild birds and poultry, with out of raid to the maintenance of poultry on farm-steads, etc., the mass destruction of poultry was absent. It is marked, that with a view of maintenance of epidemiological well-being in region high readiness for actions in conditions of an extreme situation, and also vaccination of the population should be kept.     

Epizootological and epidemiological features of the avian flu outbreak in the Chelyabinsk region in season 2005

Results of the analysis of epizootological and epidemiological situations on avian flu in the Chelyabinsk region in season 2005 are submitted. Features of the foci of the avian flu in the given territory are marked. In particular, the struck settlements were marked by a plenty of nearby reservoirs. On all farmsteads perished on the average from 53% up to 68% of a bird contained at the moment of disease. Hens were mainly amazed. However in well isolated private enterprises the poultry remained healthy. The conclusion that the primary foci of the avian flu are connected to disease of wild birds which case was marked on reservoirs of this territory is made. The forecast for spring and autumn of 2006 on disease the bird's flu remains adverse, presence of the infected territories kept since 2005 is possible. Feature epizootic process in 2006 can be a presence of a plenty of the young growth more subject to disease that can lead to increase in a level of disease the bird's flu.     

Organization of sanitary and epidemiological measures to protect the Omsk region involved in epizootia of avian flu

In article organizational aspects of carrying out preventive and antiepidemic actions at a regional level are considered at the bird's flu epizootia. Epizootic researches have shown, that infection of poultry has taken place as a result of contact to a wild bird. Serological inspection 521 persons on presence of antibodies to a influenza A (H5N1) has not revealed seropositive persons. The conclusion, that the forecast of development of a situation for spring of 2006 is made in view of a direction of migration of a wild waterfowl is unfavourable.     

Detection of DNA of borrelia circulating in Novosibirsk region

Detection of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was performed by PCR in taiga ticks Ixodes persulcatus, in blood samples and skin bioptates of small forest mammals, and in blood and urine samples of humans after attaching of ticks events. In Novosibirsk region both in natural reservoir and in patients with Ixodes ticks-borne borreliosis DNA of Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii are detected. DNA of these borrelia were detected in 8 from 72 of taiga ticks, in 36 from 298 of blood and skin samples of small forest mammals, and in 32 from 102 of human blood and urine samples. In all studied samples DNA of B. garinii from NT29 subgroup was predominated. Borrelia DNA in which sequence of intergenic spacer region was homologous to sequence Chy13p first detected in China has been detected in one blood sample from red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus).     

Ascorbic acid role in containment of the world avian flu pandemic

In this Comment, the ultimate intent is to increase survival of the anticipated global flu pandemic. The apparent failure of "medicine" to provide a completely understood and logically based biochemical prevention and treatment for all influenzas (and many other viral diseases) may be an unavoidable result of the evolving complexity of the H5N1 virus. However, clinical experience cited in all accounts, including the 2003 to 2006 period, suggest that: (i) ascorbic acid is not being administered to humans infected or at risk for influenza, and (ii) ascorbic acid is (mistakenly) believed to be a vitamin ("vitamin C"). Proper use of ascorbic acid as described here could provide effective containment for the flu pandemic.     

Surveillance measures at joint-stock company "Poultry Farm Lubinskaya" during the period of avian flu epizootia in Omsk region

The organization of sanitary-and-epidemiologic supervision of an integrated poultry farm during epizootia of avian flu is devoted. The unsuccessful situation demands acceptance of additional measures which provided performance antiepizootic, preventive and antiepidemic measures with a view of restriction and distribution of an infection on poultry-farming enterprise. The disinfection barriers of several levels are established. Are organized a sanitary filtrates for the personnel and regular medical supervision over workers of the enterprise and their families. It is carried out the serological control over presence of specific antibodies to a virus of influenza virus among the workers contacting to a bird. Monitoring research of tests of blood of birds on antibodies to the influenza virus was carried out since August, 2005.     

Rabies epizootic situation in the Novosibirsk region in 1997 - 2003

Starting from the end of 1997, a rise in the epizooty of rabies with peaks in 1998 and 2002 was noted. 550 cases of rabies were registered in wild and domestic animals, as well as one lethal case of rabies in man in 2001. Wild carnivorous animals are traditionally regarded as the reservoir and source of rabies virus (38%). In the Novosibirsk region this disease was registered in badgers, wild herbivorous animals, myomorph rodents, hares, marmots. Urban cases of rabies constituted 23%, cases of rabies among agricultural animals constituted 14% of all rabies cases in the Novosibirsk region.     

A simple stochastic model with environmental transmission explains multi-year periodicity in outbreaks of avian flu

Avian influenza virus reveals persistent and recurrent outbreaks in North American wild waterfowl, and exhibits major outbreaks at 2-8 years intervals in duck populations. The standard susceptible-infected- recovered (SIR) framework, which includes seasonal migration and reproduction, but lacks environmental transmission, is unable to reproduce the multi-periodic patterns of avian influenza epidemics. In this paper, we argue that a fully stochastic theory based on environmental transmission provides a simple, plausible explanation for the phenomenon of multi-year periodic outbreaks of avian flu. Our theory predicts complex fluctuations with a dominant period of 2 to 8 years which essentially depends on the intensity of environmental transmission. A wavelet analysis of the observed data supports this prediction. Furthermore, using master equations and van Kampen system-size expansion techniques, we provide an analytical expression for the spectrum of stochastic fluctuations, revealing how the outbreak period varies with the environmental transmission.     

Study of specific oligosaccharide structures related with swine flu (H1N1) and avian flu, and tamiflu as their remedy

The infection of pandemic influenza viruses such as swine flu (H1N1) and avian flu viruses to the host cells is related to the following two factors: First, the surface protein such as HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) of the influenza virus. Second, the specific structure of the oligosaccharide [sialic acid(alpha2-6) galactose(beta1-4)glucose or sialic acid(alpha2-3)galactose(beta1-4)glucose] on the host cell. After recognizing the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surface of host cells by the surface protein of the influenza virus, the influenza virus can secrete sialidase and cleave the sialic acid attached on the final position of the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surface of host cells. Tamiflu (oseltamivir), known as a remedy of swine flu, has a saccharide analog structure, especially the sialic acid analog. Tamiflu can inhibit the invasion of influenza viruses (swine flu and avian flu viruses) into the host cells by competition with sialic acid on the terminal position of the specific oligosaccharide on the surface of the host cell. Because of the emergence of Tamiflu resistance, the development of new potent anti-influenza inhibitors is needed. The inhibitors with positive-charge groups have potential as antiviral therapeutics, and the strain specificity must also be resolved.