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Crude aqueous methanol extracts obtained from 31 species of various marine organisms (including flora land faunal), were screened for their antifungal activity against food poisoning strains of Aspergillus. Seventeen species exhibited mild (+ =zone of inhibition 1–2 mm) to significant (+++ =zone of inhibition 3–5 mm) activity against one or the other strain under experiment. However, extracts of 12 species were active against all the three strains. Organisms like Salicornia brachiata(obligate halophyte), Sinularia leptocladus(Soft coral), Elysia grandifolia (Mollusks),Gorgonian sp. 2 and Haliclona sp. exhibited significant (inhibition zone of 3–5 mm) antifungal activity against one or the other strains. However,extracts of A. ilicifolius, Amphiroa sp.,Poryphyra sp., Unidentified sponge, Suberites vestigium, Sinularia compressa,Sunularia sp., Sinularia maxima, Subergorgia suberosa, Echinogorgia pseudorassopo and Sabellaria cementifera were mild (inhibition zone of 1–2 mm) to moderate(inhibition zone of 2–3 mm) active against the respective strains. The growth of A. japonicuswas significantly inhibited by the extracts ofS. leptocladus (r = 0.992, p < 0.0001)and E. grandifolia (r = 0.989, p < 0.0001).This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Manmadhan Kanagasabhapathy Shinichi Nagata 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(5):687-691
Four antibiotic producing bacteria were isolated from the surface of the marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea and exposed to living cells of two human pathogenic bacteria as well as some marine fouling bacteria to induce the production
of antimicrobial activity. Experimental results showed that these four marine epibiotic bacteria enhanced their antibacterial
production, when exposed to these test strains. The highest induction was exhibited by the sponge isolate PS79 against fouling
bacterium FB-9 (from 3 mm to 7 mm inhibition zone). All the four strains were induced and showed increased activity specifically
against the challenged pathogenic or fouling bacteria tested. Specific induction by these species suggests that the induction
might be attributed to the response to the chemical signals received from potential challenger strains. 相似文献
4.
This study deals with two range-extending brown algae from Tahitian coral reefs, Sargassum mangarevense and Turbinaria ornata; their alginate properties, mannitol and phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined. Turbinaria ornata showed the richest alginate content with the highest extraction yield (19.2 ± 1.3% dw). Their alginates also exhibited the
highest viscosity (50 ± 18 mPa.s), but the M:G ratios (mannuronic acid to glucuronic acid) of alginates (1.25–1.42) were similar
in both species. Alginate yield displayed spatial variations, but no significant seasonal changes. The highest mannitol content
was found in S. mangarevense (12.2 ± 2.1% dw) during the austral winter. With respect to other tropical Fucales, both algae exhibited also a high phenolic
content (2.45–2.85% dw) with significant spatio-temporal variations. Furthermore, high antioxidant activity and activity against
Staphylococcus aureus were also detected in extracts. According to these preliminary results, these two range-extending algae are of key interest
in numerous industrial areas. 相似文献
5.
Sahar A. El-Shatoury Nahla S. El-Shenawy Ibrahim M. Abd El-Salam 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(9):1547-1555
Sixty-three actinomycete strains isolated from the marine shellfish Donax trunculus anatinus were phenotypically identified as ten genera, in addition to two unidentified strains. Their metabolic extracts exhibited
wide antimicrobial activities towards 11 reference and clinical cultures; and 17.5% showed antitumor activities with solid
tumor selectivity of four Nocardioides, Kitasatosporia and Streptomyces strains. Streptomyces 23-2B was particularly noted for its high antitumor activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma with plateau inhibitory
effect at 500, 250 and 50 μg/ml concentrations, promising solid tumor selectivity and high cytotoxicity to human carcinoma
of liver (HEPG2), cervix (HELA) and breast (MCF7) (IC50: 3.89, 9.4 and 10 μg/ml, respectively). In vivo cytotoxicity of S.23-2B metabolites showed common sign of unimpaired kidney
and liver functions, as indicated from non-significant elevation in serum enzymatic activities, urea, creatinine, total protein
and albumin levels in response to 0.5 and 5 μg/g doses after alternate-day injection for 2 weeks. Microorganisms associated
with the marine shellfish are suggested to be potential source of bioactive metabolites. 相似文献
6.
Liao WR Lin JY Shieh WY Jeng WL Huang R 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2003,30(7):433-439
Saline and aqueous ethanol extracts of marine algae and the lectins from two red algal species were assayed for their antibiotic activity against marine vibrios. Experimental studies were also carried out on the influence of environmental factors on such activity, using batch cultures. The results indicated that many of the saline extracts of the algal species were active and that the activity was selective against those vibrios assayed. The algal extracts were active against Vibrio pelagius and the fish pathogen V. vulnificus, but inactive against V. neresis. Algal lectins from Eucheuma serra (ESA) and Galaxaura marginata (GMA) strongly inhibited V. vulnificus but were inactive against the other two vibrios. The antibacterial activity of algal extracts was inhibited by pretreatment with various sugars and glycoprotein. Extracts of the two red algae, E. serra and Pterocladia capillacea, in saline and aqueous ethanol, inhibited markedly the growth rate of V. vulnificus at very low concentrations. Culture results indicated that metabolites active against V. vulnificus were invariably produced in P. capillacea over a wide range of temperature, light intensity, and nutritional conditions. Enhanced antibacterial activity occurred when P. capillacea was grown under higher irradiance, severe nutrient stress and moderate temperature (20 °C), reflecting the specific antibiotic characteristics of this alga. The strong antibiotic activity of lectins towards fish pathogenic bacteria reveals one of the important roles played by algal lectins, as well as the potential high economic value of those marine algae assayed for aquaculture and for biomedical purposes. 相似文献
7.
Pei-Wen Hsieh Li-Chi Hsu Chern-Hsiung Lai Chin-Chung Wu Tsong-Long Hwang Yin-Ku Lin Yang-Chang Wu 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(8):1461-1469
The endophytic extracts from 19 endophytes, isolated from 13 species of Taiwanese plants, were evaluated for biological activity,
including cytotoxicity, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts of 12 endophytes exhibited
inhibitory effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 19.85–87.64 μg/ml. Four strains, Rahnella aquatilis, Pantoea agglomerans, Rhodotorula sp., and Penicillium paxilli, also showed inhibitory effects on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 42.80–61.54 μg/ml. Additionally 12 extracts of endophytes exhibited cytotoxicities with IC50 values of 0.12–19.83 μg/ml. However, eight extracts revealed inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation induced by
fMLP (N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine) in human neutrophils. The extract of Rahnella aquatilis showed anti-platelet aggregation activity, and bioassay-directed fractionation led to the isolation of six compounds, including
one isoalloxazine: lumichrome (1); two isoflavones: genistein (2) and daidzein (3); two cyclic peptides: cyclo-Pro-Val (4)
and cyclo-Pro-Phe (5); and one benzenoid: methyl 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (6). These results indicated that endophytes from
Taiwanese herbal plants could be useful sources for research and development of bioactive lead compounds from nature. 相似文献
8.
Synopsis A revitalized view of feeding by herbivorous marine fishes is sought through two questions. First, What characteristics of
major taxa of algae identify them as predictably high or low quality foods? Second, are marine algae valuable foods for fishes
which do not mechanically disrupt cell walls and do not harbor specialized enzymes or microbes capable of lysing cell walls?
Energy, ash and nutrient content of 16 species of marine algae were employed to assess food quality of fleshy red, green,
brown and calcareous red algae. On the basis of ash, calories, total protein and total lipid content, fleshy algae should
be superior to calcareous algae as foods for fishes; in addition, green algae should be superior to brown algae and brown
algae superior to red algae. When the probable digestibility of storage and extracellular carbohydrates is considered, green
and red algae are predicted superior to brown algae as food. Two species of damselfishes (Pomacentridae) from the Gulf of
California,Eupomacentrus rectifraenum andMicrospathodon dorsalis, eat red and green algae and ignore brown and calcareous algae. They feed, therefore, in a fashion consistent with predictions
based only on algal chemistry. These fishes absorb at least 20–24% of the biomass, 57–67% of the protein, 46–56% of the lipid
and 37–44% of the carbohydrate contained in algae eaten in the wild. Since these damselfishes do not masticate their food,
it appears that herbivorous fishes can digest major fractions of algal nutrients without mechanical destruction of algal cells. 相似文献
9.
I. Yu. Bakunina O. I. Nedashkovskaya S. B. Kim T. N. Zvyagintseva V. V. Mikhailov 《Microbiology》2012,81(3):373-378
Occurrence of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases among 177 strains of marine bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes, epiphytes of marine algae growing on the littoral of the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, was studied. About 36% of the isolates studied contained α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. All of the bacteria of the genus Arenibacter (species A. latericius, A. certesii, and A. palladensis), irrespective of the source of isolation, synthesized this enzyme. The greatest number of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase producers was found among the isolates from the algae Neosiphonia japonica, Acrosiphonia sonderi, and Ulva fenestrata sampled in the Cove of Trinity, Posyet Bay, the Sea of Japan. These were mainly bacteria of the genera Zobellia (50%) and Maribacter (58%). Among the epibionts studied, the bacteria Arenibacter latericius KMM 3523, an epiphyte of the brown alga Chorda filum from the Sea of Okhotsk, and Cellulophaga sp. KMM 6488, an epiphyte of the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi from the Sea of Japan, were marked as the most promising sources of the enzyme. The results of this study showed that aerobic nonpathogenic marine Bacteroidetes, algal associants not requiring special cultivation conditions, are the promising, economical, and ecologically pure sources of unique and biotechnologically significant α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases. 相似文献
10.
Toshiyuki Shibata Kanji Ishimaru Shigeo Kawaguchi Hiromichi Yoshikawa Yoichiro Hama 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(5):705-711
The antioxidant activities of brown algal phlorotannins were evaluated using the inhibition of phospholipid peroxidation in
the liposome system, and by determining radical scavenging activities against the superoxide anion and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH). Oligomers of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), eckol (a trimer), phlorofucofuroeckol A (a pentamer), dieckol
and 8,8′-bieckol (hexamers), isolated from the Laminarian brown algae Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cava and Ecklonia kurome, showed potent inhibition of phospholipid peroxidation at 1 μM in the liposome system. The phlorotannins had significant
radical scavenging activities against the superoxide anion (50% effective concentration values: 6.5–8.4 μM) and DPPH (50%
effective concentration values: 12–26 μM), and were more effective compared to ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. For the purpose
of using phlorotannins as functional food ingredients, the antioxidant activity of a complex of crude phlorotannins and soybean
protein was examined. The complex had a pronounced DPPH-radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that phlorotannins
are potent anti-inflammatory substances, and that the Laminariaceous brown algae, which are abundant in phlorotannins, may
be useful as a new functional foodstuff or supplement with anti-inflammatory activity. 相似文献
11.
Guillaume Pierre Valérie Sopena Camille Juin Amira Mastouri Marianne Graber Thierry Maugard 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2011,16(5):937-945
The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the marine green algae Chaetomorpha aerea was investigated against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and a fungus. The water-soluble extract of algae
was composed of a sulfated (6.3%) galactan with a molecular weight of 1.160 × 106 Da and a global composition close to commercial polysaccharides, such as dextran sulfate or fucoidan. The polysaccharide
was composed of 18% arabinose, 24% glucose, and 58% galactose. The re-suspended extracts (methanol, water) exhibited selective
antibacterial activities against 3 gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests showed that the sulfated galactan
could be a bactericidal agent for this strain (40 mg/mL). The results of this study confirmed the potential use of the green
algae Chaetomorpha aerea as a source of antibacterial compounds. 相似文献
12.
Ethanol extracts of 12 marine unicellular algae were assayed for agglutinating activity against native and enzyme-treated
human and animal erythrocytes. All of the algae assayed agglutinated at least one group of normal erythrocytes from humans.
Notably, all algal extracts agglutinated erythrocytes of hemophilia patients arising from coagulation disorders. Meanwhile,
all algae had a strong reaction with monkey erythrocytes, but to a lesser extent or not at all with sheep erythrocytes. Both
trypsin and pronase improved the detection of most algal agglutinins and caused a drastic increase in hemagglutinating activity
after treatment for 2 h or more. However, hemagglutinating activity decreased or disappeared completely when two extracts
of different algal species were combined. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 262–266.
Received 24 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 06 January 2000 相似文献
13.
L.D. Chambers C. Hellio K.R. Stokes S.P. Dennington L.R. Goodes R.J.K. Wood F.C. Walsh 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2011,65(7):939-946
The search for environment-friendly and non-toxic antifouling (AF) paint components has led to the investigation of natural products from seaweeds. The defence metabolites used by algae to deter unwanted epibiosis have potential for harnessing and use in AF applications. Crude algal extracts may provide a suitable mixture of compounds with AF potency. Crude ethanol extracts of the macroalgae Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyceae), from both dried and fresh sources were tested and compared using bioassays based on five marine bacterial strains, five phytoplankton strains and two macroalgae to assess the AF efficacy. Dried extract from the algae had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration at 25 μg mL−1 against the growth of bacteria and phytoplankton species than that from the fresh source. Macroalgae tests indicated that the extracts had an anti-germination activity 25–50 μg mL−1 against both Undaria pinnatifida and Ulva intestinalis spores. A field trial of AF paint incorporating crude extract indicated an initial AF potency lasting six weeks. 相似文献
14.
Swagatika Dash Cuili Jin On On Lee Ying Xu Pei-Yuan Qian 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(8):1047-1056
In this study, we screened seven novel sponge-associated marine bacteria for their antibacterial and antilarval-settlement
activity in order to find possible new sources of non-toxic or less toxic bioactive antifoulants. The anti-bacterial-growth
activity of crude extracts of each bacterium was evaluated by the disk-diffusion assay. Extracts of four potent bacteria with
high and broad spectra of antibacterial activity were further separated with solvents of different polarities (hexane and
ethyl acetate). To evaluate their indirect inhibitive effect on larval settlement, we tested for their antibiofilm formation
activity against two of the test bacteria (Vibrio halioticoli and Loktanella hongkongensis) inductive to Hydroides elegans larval settlement. About 60 and 87% of the extracts inhibited biofilm formation by V. halioticoli and by L. hongkongensis respectively. The extracts were also tested for their direct antilarval-settlement activity against the barnacle Balanus amphitrite and the polychaete H. elegans; 87% of the extracts had a strong inhibitive effect on larval settlement of both species. Extracts of two of the isolates
completely inhibited larval settlement of B. amphitrite at 70 μg ml−1 and H. elegans at 60 μg ml−1. The organic extracts of Winogradskyella poriferorum effectively inhibited the larval settlement of both H. elegans and B. amphitrite and the biofilm formation of the two bacterial species. The metabolites present in the active crude extracts were profiled
using GC MS, and the most prevalent metabolites present in all extracts were identified. This study successfully identified
potential new sources of antifouling compounds.
相似文献
Pei-Yuan QianEmail: |
15.
Manmadhan Kanagasabhapathy Hideaki Sasaki Shinichi Nagata 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(10):2315-2321
We investigated the diversity of epibiotic bacteria possessing antimicrobial activity isolated from nine species of red algae,
and identified their phylogenetic position. For the isolation of epibiotic bacteria, nine species of red algae, Pachymeniopsis lauceolata, Plocamium telfairiae, Gelidium amansii, Chondrus oncellatus, Grateloupia filicina, Ceramium kondoi, Lomentaria catenata, Schizymenia dubyi and Porphyra yezoensis, were collected from the intertidal zone of Awaji Island, Japan. In total 92 bacteria were collected from the above red algal
species. Primary screening results using disc diffusion assay revealed that 33% of bacteria possess antibacterial activity.
Ten bacteria that showed high antibacterial activity were further studied for their ability to inhibit a set of fouling bacteria,
some luminescent Vibrio and Photobacterium species and a panel of pathogenic bacteria. In general, the inhibitory activities were high against fouling and luminescent
bacteria, while low against various pathogenic bacteria tested. These results suggest that some epibiotic bacteria have adapted
to defend their position in their surface environment through the production of antibacterial metabolites giving defense against
a broad spectrum of bacterial competitors. The phylogenetic analysis using 16 S rRNA sequences identified 7 of the 10 strains
as belonging to the genus Bacillus, and other strains each 1 belonging to genus Microbacterium, Psychrobacter, and Vibrio species. 相似文献
16.
A highly chromate-selective biosorbent with high adsorption capacity was found by examining the chromate adsorption capacities
of 48 species of red, brown, or green marine algae sampled from the east coast of Korea. As a result of screening, a red marine
alga showed excellent adsorption characteristics. It was identified as Pachymeniopsis sp. The timing of the sampling of Pachymeniopsis sp. did not affect the adsorption capacity of the alga but the optimum period for mass collection was April–May. The alga
also showed high selectivity for chromate and its adsorption capacity for other heavy metal ions such as cadmium and manganese
was relatively low. An investigation of the adsorption isotherm of Pachymeniopsis sp. as a dried powder for chromate adsorption at 25 °C showed Langmuir-type dependence. The maximum chromate adsorption capacity
of the selected alga was about 225 mg/g. The desorption of adsorbed chromate from Pachymeniopsis sp. was done by treating samples with 1 N NaOH. It was confirmed that ion exchange type adsorption was observed with anion
exchangers but not with cation exchangers. Therefore it is believed that the chromate adsorption is based on the anionic exchange
of Pachymeniopsis sp.
Received: 6 October 1999 / Received last revision: 19 January 2000 / Accepted: 4 February 2000 相似文献
17.
Dae-Sung Lee Min-Seung Kang Hye-Jin Hwang Sung-Hwan Eom Ji-Young Yang Myung-Suk Lee Won-Jae Lee You-Jin Jeon Jae-Sue Choi Young-Mog Kim 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2008,13(6):758-764
We have been attempting for some time to discover a compound evidencing antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The dieckol isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of dieckol were determined in a range of 32 to 64 μg/mL against
standard MSSA and MRSA strains. Furthermore, dieckol clearly reversed the high-level ampicillin and penicillin resistance
of MRSA. The MICs of ampicillin against two standard strains of MRSA were dramatically reduced from 512 to 0.5 μg/mL in combination
with 1/4 MIC of dieckol (16 μg/mL). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of ampicillin and penicillin were
measured from 0.066 to 0.266 in combination with 8 or 16 μg/mL of dieckol against all tested MRSA strains, thereby suggesting
that dieckol-ampicillin or dieckol-penicillin combinations exert a synergistic effect against MRSA. The results of this study
indicate that dieckol, administered in combination with β-lactams, may prove effective in the treatment of MRSA infections.
Our finding may also contribute to the development of an alternative phytotherapeutic anti-MRSA agent. 相似文献
18.
In this study, using a bioassay-guided isolation and purification procedure, we obtained 3-chloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol
from a marine-derived Ampelomyces species that effectively inhibited larval settlement of the tubeworm Hydroides elegans and of cyprids of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. The inhibitive effect on larval settlement was nontoxic and the EC50 of 3-chloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol ranged from 3.19 μg ml−1 to 3.81 μg ml−1 while the LC50 was 266.68 μg ml−1 for B. amphitrite cyprids; EC50 ranged from 0.67 μg ml−1 to 0.78 μg ml−1, and LC50 was 2.64 μg ml−1 for competent larvae of H. elegans, indicating that inhibitive effect of this compound was nontoxic. At a concentration of 50 μg per disc, this compound showed
strong inhibitive effects on the growth of 13 out of 15 marine bacterial species tested in disc diffusion bioassay. Overall,
the high inhibitory activities against bacteria and larval settlement as well as the non- or low-toxic nature of this compound
to the barnacle and polychaete larvae suggest this compound could be a potent antifoulant and/or antibiotic. 相似文献
19.
20.
Vivek K. Bajpai Jung In Yoon Sun Chul Kang 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,83(6):1127-1133
This study was undertaken to assess the in vitro antifungal potential of the essential oil and n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl
acetate, and methanol extracts of Nandina domestica Thunb. against dermatophytes, the casual agents of superficial infections in animals and human beings. The oil (1,000 μg/disc)
and extracts (1,500 μg/disc) revealed 31.1–68.6% and 19.2–55.1% antidermatophytic effect against Trichophyton rubrum KCTC 6345, T. rubrum KCTC 6375, T. rubrum KCTC 6352, Trichophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6085, T. mentagrophytes KCTC 6077, T. mentagrophytes KCTC 6316, Microsporum canis KCTC 6591, M. canis KCTC 6348, and M. canis KCTC 6349, respectively, along with their respective minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 62.5 to 500 and
125 to 2,000 μg/ml. Also, the oil had strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested dermatophytic fungi
as well as concentration and time-dependent kinetic inhibition of T. rubrum KCTC 6375. The present results demonstrated that N. domestica mediated oil and extracts could be potential sources of natural fungicides to control certain important dermatophytic fungi. 相似文献