乙型肝炎疫苗与卡介苗、百白破混合菌苗的联合免疫效果观察

本文报道150名HBsAg阴性产妇所生新生儿在实施计划免疫的同时,1、2组分别接种10μg、20μg乙肝疫苗,3组不接种乙肝疫苗,以了解乙肝疫苗与卡介苗、百白破联合免疫的免疫应答。结果表明:1.2组抗-HBc达到有效保护的(P/N≥5)为93.18％和89.58％,无显著差异;两组均未检出HBV标志物,但是未注射乙肝疫苗组HBV感染达6.67％。乙肝疫苗与卡介苗、百白破联合免疫应答是好的,抗原间无干扰,从而证明乙肝疫苗不但能有效地控制乙型肝炎,并能纳入扩大免疫规划。     

新生儿接种两种剂型乙型肝炎疫苗不同时间的免疫水平比较

目的:研究接种两种不同剂型的乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine,Hep B)(包括10μg CHO基因工程乙肝疫苗(以下简称10μg Hep B)与5μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗(以下简称5μg Hep B))后不同时间,新生儿体内免疫水平的变化,为新生儿乙肝疫苗的接种提供科学依据。方法:选择2016年7月1日-2018年12月1日在青岛大学附属医院接种且按照0、1、6个月免疫程序完成乙型肝炎疫苗全程接种的,采用化学放光法测定血清中抗体水平,比较接种10μg与5μg Hep B后不同时间新生儿体内抗体变化。结果:接种1、6和12月后,10μg Hep B组新生儿低无应答率显著低于5μg Hep B组,而肝表面抗体滴度明显高于5μg Hep B组(P0.05);12个月后,两组新生儿乙肝表面抗体滴度均呈现下降趋势;10μg Hep B组新生儿乙肝表面抗体阳性率仍显著高于5μg Hep B组(P0.05)。结论:新生儿接种10μg Hep B的免疫效果优于5μg Hep B。     

乙型肝炎疫苗与卡介苗、百白破、脊髓灰质炎疫苗联合免疫的免疫应答观察

本文报道在对婴幼儿实施基础免疹(BCC、DPT和TOPV)的同时,接种国产血源乙肝疫苗的免疫应答。对八月龄的婴儿血清学检测结果表明:乙肝疫苗接种组1(10μg)、2(20μg)抗-HBs达到临界保护(P/N≥10.0)的分别为80.65％,78.49％,未检出HBV感染标志物;未接种乙肝疫苗组的HBV感染率边10.5％。血清学检测还表明乙肝疫苗与BCG、DPT和TOPV等生物制品联合免疫应答是好的,各抗原间无干扰作用,提示乙肝疫苗可列入扩大免疫规划,并将有效地控制乙肝病毒感染。     

Effect of a booster dose of serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on antibody response to Neisseria meningitidis in mice vaccinated with different immunization schedules

The generation and maintenance of memory antibody response by different primary immunization schedules with the Cuban-produced outer membrane protein based vaccine was investigated in a murine model. We analyzed the duration of the antibody response (IgG-ELISA and bactericidal titer) and the effect of a booster dose on the antibody response. The IgG avidity index was determined in an attempt to find a marker for memory development. This study also included an analysis of IgG subclasses induced by primary and booster immunization. The specificity of bactericidal antibodies was investigated using local strains of the same serotype/serosubtype (4,7:P1.19,15) as the vaccine strain and mutant strains lacking major outer membrane proteins. A significant recall response was induced by a booster dose given 7 months after a primary series of 2, 3 or 4 doses of vaccine. The primary antibody response showed a positive dose-effect. In contrast, a negative dose-effect was found on the booster bactericidal antibody response. There was a significant increase in IgG1 levels after the fourth and booster doses. Three doses of vaccine were required to induce a significant increase in IgG avidity. Two injections of vaccine induced a significant antibody response to PorA protein, while 4 injections induced a larger range of specificities.     

Protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine combined with two-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin on infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers

Background

Despite the use of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), a portion of infants are still non- or low-responders, or even immunoprophylaxis failure. We aimed to determine the immune response in the infants from the mothers being positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), by which the infants received three doses of HB vaccine in combination with two-dose 200 IU HBIG injections.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 621 infants from HBsAg-positive mothers in Beijing YouAn Hospital between January 2008 and December 2009 were included. All the infants were given three doses of 10 µg HB vaccine (at 0, 1 and 6 months of age) and two-dose of 200 IU HBIG (at birth and in 2 weeks of age). Serum HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in all the infants were determined at 7 months of age.

Results

Of the 621 infants, 2.9% were immunoprophylaxis failure (positive for HBsAg), 1.4% were non-responders (anti-HBs undetectable), 95.7% were responders. The 594 responders could be categorized into three subsets, 22 were 10 to 99 IU/L for anti-HBs levels, 191 were 100 to 999 IU/L, and 381 were ≥1000 IU/L. The immunoprophylaxis failure rate was at 0% and 5.2% for the infants of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive mothers(P<0.001). Infants from mothers with detectable HBV DNA had higher incidence of immunoprophylaxis failure than those of mothers without detectable HBV DNA (P = 0.002). The factors including gender, birth weight, gestation weeks, the rates of maternal HBeAg-positive, and detectable HBV DNA did not contribute to the no response to HB vaccination.

Conclusions

Through vaccination by three doses of HB and two-dose of HBIG, majority of the infants (95.7%) achieved a protective level of anti-HBs at 7 months of age. Maternal HBeAg-positive and HBV DNA detectable were associated with the immunoprophylaxis failure, but not contribute to the non- or low-response to HB vaccination.     

Differential effect of TLR2 and TLR4 on the immune response after immunization with a vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis or Bordetella pertussis

Neisseria meningitidis and Bordetella pertussis are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that can cause serious diseases in humans. N. meningitidis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines and whole cell pertussis vaccines have been successfully used in humans to control infections with these pathogens. The mechanisms behind their effectiveness are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in the induction of immune responses in mice after immunization with these vaccines. Innate and adaptive immune responses were compared between wild type mice and mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, or TRIF. TRIF-deficient and TLR4-deficient mice showed impaired immunity after immunization. In contrast, immune responses were not lower in TLR2-/- mice but tended even to be higher after immunization. Together our data demonstrate that TLR4 activation contributes to the immunogenicity of the N. meningitidis OMV vaccine and the whole cell pertussis vaccine, but that TLR2 activation is not required.     

The magnitude of the antibody and memory B cell responses during priming with a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in human infants is associated with the persistence of antibody and the intensity of booster response

Rapid waning of anti-polysaccharide bactericidal Ab and vaccine effectiveness is observed following infant immunization with the serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) glycoconjugate vaccine. This is despite the demonstrable presence of immunological memory. Persistence of functional Ab, therefore, appears to be the key determinant of MenC conjugate vaccine effectiveness. Ab persistence is thought to depend in the short term on the survival of plasma cells generated during priming and in the longer term on the production of new Ab secreting cells from memory B cells. In this study, we found a strong association between the level of MenC-specific Ab and the frequency of memory B cells measured at 5 mo of age (1 mo after 3-dose primary immunization with MenC conjugate vaccine), and the persistence of functional Ab at one year of age. These findings suggest that these two parameters are good markers of B cell responses to priming and can be used as predictors of long term humoral immunity induced by glycoconjugate vaccines received in early infancy.     

鸭乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原DNA 疫苗的构建及其诱导的体液免疫应答

为研究鸭乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原( DHBcAg) 真核表达质粒的免疫原性, 分析DHBcAg DNA 疫苗诱导的体液免疫应答, 首先借助生物信息学方法对鸭乙型肝炎病毒( DHBV) Core 基因编码的氨基酸序列进行亲疏水性分析, 分别构建DHBcAg 全基因( E-DHBc263) 及去除疏水性序列的DHBcAg 片段( E-DHBc180) 的真核表达质粒, 间接免疫荧光检测结果显示可在COS7 细胞内表达。进一步构建原核表达质粒p-DHBc263 和p-DHBc180, 仅p-DHBc180 可表达蛋白, 纯化后作为酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA) 包被抗原, 用于DHBcAb 的检测。分别用E-DHBc263 和E-DHBc180 免疫小鼠, 采用间接ELISA 检测DHBcAb。结果显示, E-DHBc180 可诱导免疫小鼠产生DHBcAb 免疫应答, 加强免疫后效价可达1∶100 ～1∶400。结果提示, E-DHBc180 可作为DHBcAg DNA 疫苗, 在DHBV 感染鸭模型中评价其效果。     

以人精子抗原消化道免疫后的体液免疫反应

The inbred Balb/c and C57 mice, and the outbred Swiss Webster mice were intragastrointestinally immunized with human sperm antigens. The lymphocytes from the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), Peyer's patch (PP) and uterus or epididymis were isolated and cultured. The lymphocyte-secreting antisperm IgG and IgA and the antisperm antibodies in the gut wash and serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the Balb/c and Swiss Webster mice, the immune responses to sperm have shown to be stronger than that in C57, stronger in female than in male. The antigenicity of sperm membrane extracts seems to be higher than that of whole sperm. Antisperm antibodies secreted by lymphocytes from the epididymis and uterus have demonstrated to be detectable. For stimulation of the local immune response, the intra-PP and intralumina immunizations are more effective than others.