Morphofunctional characteristics of spinal cord neurons in the early stages of cultivation

A study of the ultrastructural peculiarities of the spinal cord neural cells in 14 day old chick embryos at the early stages of cultivation has shown that adaptation processes are completed within the first days of explant cultivation. Further cultivation leads to the differentiation of neurons and to the recovery of their capacity of bioelectrical activity.     

The morphofunctional characteristics of the cecum in experimental escherichiosis]

Using the model of experimental escherichiosis in mice by means of morphological, immunomorphological, morphometrical and electron microscopy methods, the authors give morphofunctional characteristics of caecum 15 minutes to 2 weeks after inoculation. The authors show the dynamics of infectious process, characterized by changes of microcirculation, increasing lymphoplasmocellular infiltration, dystrophic changes in cells of neuroplexes and degranulation of mast and endocrine cells. The data obtained show that pathological process in caecum during experimental escherichiosis has an immune character, that the above portion of the intestine is a part of endocrine system.     

Ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of the duodenum at the early stages of experimental Escherichia infection

Ultrastructural changes of duodenal epitheliocytes were studied at the period from 15 minutes to 24 hours after inoculation using the model of experimental esherichiosis. The results obtained allow to determine the succession of ultrastructural changes and dynamics of adenylate cyclase activity of epithelial cells, involvement of endocrine cells in the pathological process. Combination of the certain morphological and cytochemical reactions and their dynamics allowed to make conclusions about typical ultrastructural changes in epitheliocytes at the early stages of experimental esherichiosis.     

Morphofunctional state of the digestive tract in the early stages of atherosclerosis]

Cholesterol, alpha- and beta-lipoproteids, serotonin were determined in the blood serum of dogs which were on atherogenic diet for 2 months. The serotonin content was examined in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Parallel studies of the structural changes were carried out in the vascular system (VS) and various parts of the GIT. There was found a direct correlation between a rise in the cholesterol and serotonin level in the blood and serotonin in the GIT tissues. The initial stages of atherosclerotic changes were revealed in the vascular system. Along with compensatory-adaptive changes detected in the duodenum and the upper protions of the small intestine, initial stages of dystrophic-atrophic processes were observed in the lower portions. Comparative analysis of biochemical and morphological data indicated that disturbances of the morphofunctional state in the GIT played an important role in the genesis of the early stages of atherosclerosis.     

The ultrastructural characteristics of the endocrine cells of the normal murine cecum and in experimental escherichiosis]

Ultrastructural investigations and a quantitative analysis of caecum endocrine cells were performed in the period from 15 minutes to 2 weeks after inoculation, using the model of experimental escherichiosis. The authors identified 5 types of endocrinocytes in the caecum of mice and showed the reaction of these cells: degranulation, extrusion of granules and their accumulation dependent on the time of the exposure.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the lipids in the early embryogeny of placental mammals]

The comparative cytological study of lipids points to species specific character of lipid metabolism in early embryogenesis of placentate mammals. The general level of lipid metabolism is genetically determined in oogenesis being expressed by different loading of the ooplasm with substances of lipoid nature. At the cleavage stage lipids play a plastic role. Their significance as functionally active complexes is manifested in the period of the blastocyst formation, which is dependent on morphological differentiation and the beginning of the trophoblast functioning as an early metabolic organ.     

Morphofunctional stateof the cholinergic nervous apparatus of the normal duodenum and the duodenum after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy

Histochemical study of the intramural nervous apparatus of the duodenum was carried out under normal conditions and following bilateral subphrenic vagotomy. Morphometric and microspectrofluorimetric methods gave informations on the reduction of the number of the cholinergic nervous fibers and of the acetylcholinesterase activity in them after a brief increase of these indices during the first 24 hours after vagotomy, with their subsequent return to the initial values.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the pancreas in the progeny from females with experimental hypothyroidism]

Histophysiological pancreatic indices were studied in 1-, 21- and 30-day-old offsprings of white non-lineal female rats that were given antithyreoid drug mercasolil in the dose 3 mg/kg of body weight during pregnancy and lactation. Chemical inhibition of maternal thyreoid function results in decreasing weight index of the offspring's pancreas, in decreasing section area of the terminal secretory parts, in narrowing the homogenous zone of exocrine pancreocytes, in decreasing the portion occupied by the endocrine part on the section area, as well as in decreasing the index of B/A cells ratio of pancreatic islands and of nuclear volume of basophilic insulocytes. It is possible to conclude from the data obtained that maternal hypothyreosis produced by mercasolil unfavourably affects the process of structural and functional setting and the status of the pancreas in the offspring.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the endosteum

Basing on the literature data analysis, modern notions concerning endosteum structure, its connections with the bone and bone marrow are presented. Participation of the endosteum in processes of osteogenesis and resorption, as well as its changes with ageing are discussed.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the associative region of the cerebral cortex in experimental neuroses in the dog

Ultrastructure of neurones and synapses of the cortical associative area of dogs has been studied under conditions of experimental neuroses caused by prolonged informational loads with constant time deficit and high motivational signals significance. Analysis of subcellular reorganization of a number of neuronal and synaptic organelles showed the degenerative changes of afferent conducting systems in various neuropil parts leading to the falling out of definite neuronal groups from stable functional connections and to the disturbance of intracortical interrelations. In the cortex simultaneously with destructive processes, are developing intracellular compensatory-adaptive reactions.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the adrenal glands in the progeny from females with experimental hypothyroidism]

Under study were the morphofunctional features of adrenal glands of 1, 10, 20, 30 and 40-day-old rats born by females with experimental hypothyrosis obtained by bilateral subtotal parathyroidectomy and blocade of the gland functioning by mercazolil (3 mkg/kg). The experimental treatment preceded pregnancy. The antithyroid drug was injected during pregnancy and lactation. The posterity of experimental animals was established to have a decreased need in oxygen as compared with controls. Their adrenal glands were of less weight (especially in off-springs of parathryodidectomized rats in the neonatal period). There are a number of morphometrical and histochemical signs suggesting the suppression of the functioning of the cortical and medullary substance, including the period of adaptation of the organism to the extrauterine life.     

The characteristics of the opioid regulation of the afferent reactions of the stomach and duodenum to the early stages of their acute damage]

Acute cat experiments were conducted to study the effect of naloxone, moradol and dalargin on the formation of afferent reactions of gastroduodenal complex components by registration of cortical and subcortical evoked potentials during electrostimulation of the stomach and duodenum at an early stage of their acute lesion. It is found that agonists and antagonists of opiate receptors prevent the depression of afferentation of gastroduodenal complex components early after acute lesion. It is suggested that the main mechanism underlying the depression of gastric and duodenal afferent reactions at early post-alteration period may be related to activation of intraorganic opioid systems.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the cells of the APUD system of the adrenal glands and the duodenum in the cerebral form of acute radiation sickness

Changes of a phase nature develop in the APVD system cells of rats, dogs, and monkeys exposed to electron radiation of doses inducing a cerebral form of radiation sickness. These changes in the morphofunctional status of APVD system cells may be considered as a syndrome displaying acute radiation apudopathies.     

Detection of early stages of apoptosis in experimental intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in small intestine ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to determine the total proportion of apoptotic cell death (apoptotic index) following injury induced by ischemia and during various subsequent reperfusion periods, total histopathological status and the intestine regeneration dynamics after the IR injury. Experimental animals, Wistar rats (n = 45) were divided into three experimental and one control groups. In the experimental groups 1 h ischemia was followed by 1, 4 and 24 h reperfusion. Intestinal ischemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Segments of jejunum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied immunohistochemically using M30 CytoDEATH and in situ TUNEL methods for apoptosis detection. Our experimental data showed that: (i) apoptosis is an important form of cell death in the small intestine after IR injury induced by SMA occlusion; (ii) maximum levels of histopathological damage and apoptotic index of mucosa occurred after 1 h ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion; and (iii) mucosa possesses great regeneration ability. The lowest levels of histopathological damage and apoptotic index were observed in the group with 1 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion where, however, the highest mitotic index was present.