Ein phosphatisierter Süßwasser-Schwamm aus dem Tertiär von Rott (Siebengebirge, Rheinland)

A structurally preserved specimen of a freshwater sponge (Spongillidae, gen. et sp. indet.) is described from finely laminated, siliceous-clayey lake sediments of late Oligocene age of the locality Rott (Siebengebirge near Bonn, Germany). The preservation is caused by an early stabilization of the needle skeleton by phosphate minerals. The phosphate replaced the soft parts of the sponge body in its shape (without however preserving cellular details) and figures the original structure of the body with central cavity (spongocoel), canals and possibly flagellate chambers.     

Über die botanische Zugehörigkeit weiterer Früchte und Samen aus dem deutschen Tertiär

Zusammenfassung Aus dem deutschen Tertiär werden Reste von Früchten und Samen beschrieben. Sie gehen auf Potamogetonaceen (Potamogeton), Hydrocharitaceen (Stratiotes), Zingiberaceen (Spirematospermum), Nymphaeaceen (Brasenia), Magnoliaceen (Magnolia) und Cornaceen (Nyssa, Mastixia) zurück. Ihre botanische Zugehörigkeit ergibt sich aus der morphologischen Beschaffenheit und der histologischen Struktur. Für die Stratigraphie der Braunkohlenschichten sind diese vorwiegend alttertiären Reste nicht unwichtig, wie bereits gezeigt wurde (vgl.Kirchheimer 1936d).Mit 5 Textabbildungen (9 Einzelbildern).     

Bolboforma n. gen. (Protozoa?) — eine neue stratigraphisch wichtige Gattung aus dem Oligozän/Miozän Nordwestdeutschlands

One new genus and 11 new species belonging to a group of problematic protozoan forms are described from the Northwest German Tertiary basin. Stratigraphic ranges of the different species are given.     

Die Arten der Foraminiferen-GattungAsterigerina d'Orb. im Tertiär NW-Deutschlands

Some species ofAsterigerina are described and discerned, as they occur in different levels of the sequence from Eocene to Miocene in northwestern Germany.Asterigerina bartoniana (Dam) in the Eocene is followed byAsterigerina rotula haeringensis Lühr andAsterigerina brandhorstiana n. sp. in the Lower Oligocene (sensuBeyrich).Asterigerina gürichi gürichi (Franke), typical for the lowermost part of sequences of Upper Oligocene age, is furnished with a lectotype out ofFrankes material. This species is substituted by the subspeciesAsterigerina gürichi staeschei (Dam & Reinhold) in the Miocene. The localities of Lower Oligocene in littoral facies near Bünde (Westfalia) are mentioned and described. (Localities “Brandhorst” resp. “Hof Fahrenkamp” and newer outcrops).     

Eolimna martinii n. gen., n. sp. (Bacillariophyceae) aus dem Unter-Oligozän von Sieblos/Rhön im Vergleich mit ähnlichen rezenten Taxa

The laminated sediments of the Lower Oligocene ‘Sieblos-Schichten’ (dysodile and kieselgur-sediments) contain many individuals of a naviculoid diatom species. Formerly this group of diatoms would have been classified without doubt as Navicula (section ‘Minusculae’). After splitting this extremely heterogeneous genus in Navicula sensu stricto and some other homogeneous genera, the pattern of structures of this fossil species does not correspond to any established genus. For that reason this form will be described as the generotype of a new genus Eolimna. Furthermore it became evident that some Recent species (assigned to Navicula) show the same pattern of structures as the new genus Eolimna (generotype: E. martinii) which represents one of the first naviculoid diatoms of limnic origin. The essential criteria of this genus are: comparatively small cells with narrow girdle; simple alveolated rib system; areolae with a hymen in approximately medium position between relatively large sized foramina outside and inside of the valve; a single row of more or less irregular arranged areolae in close position to each other, on one or several of the copulae. The differences to supposed related genera are discussed.     

Pachypteria sinaitica n. sp. - eine aufgewachsene,austernähnliche muschel aus dem unterkarbon Ägyptens

A pseudomonotide pelecypod-Pachypteria sinaitica n. sp. - is described from Abu Durba Formation (Visé) of southwest Sinai. The new species forms a link with rather similar populations in the Lower Carboniferous of Marocco. Like the oysters, but byssate and cemented with its right valve,P. sinaitica n. sp. built up small limestone beds within a marginal marine environment of sedimentation. As regards the isotopie composition, the carbonates of the shell were secreted in a water of approximately 25° C.It follows, that the littoral waters of the southern Tethys were warmer during the Lower Carboniferous than those of present Red Sea.     

Neue Chrysophyceen aus dem nordmährischen Quellengebiet

New taxa ofChrysophyceae from small heleocrene and limnocrene springs are described and pictured. The delicate flagellates were observed and drawn in living stage immediately after collection. Some of them show peculiar morphology and striking structure of organelles. The following new taxa are described in this paper:Chromulina nasuta, Chromulina pavlikii, Chromulina taeniata, Chromulina oligochrysis, Chromulina pyrenoidosa, Monochrysis stigmatica, Ochromonas oligochrysis, Ochromonas taeniata, Pseudokephyrion hypermaculatum, Pseudokephyrion hyalinum var.tubiforme, Chrysococcus ellipsoideus, Epipyxis borealis var.monoplastida.

     

Die Cricetinae aus dem Obermiozän von Maramena (Mazedonien,Nordgriechenland)

The cricetids are one of the dominating groups of the rodent fauna of Maramena. Among the three described cricetids:Kowalskia browni n. sp.,Allocricetus cf.ehiki andHypsocricetus strimonis n. g. n. sp. two are new.K. browni represents a stage of evolution betweenK. skofleki andK. magna. This gives support to the supposed stratigraphie position (Late Turolian, MN 13) of the Maramena fauna.     

Zur systematischen Stellung vonAustropanorpa (Insecta,Mecoptera) aus dem Alttertiär Australiens

Austropanorpa Riek, 1952 cannot be placed within the Panorpidae (Mecoptera), which are restricted to Eurasia and North America, since similarities betweenAustropanorpa and the Panorpidae are based on symplesiomorphies. A new family Austropanorpidae is erected, either being the sister-group of the Panorpidae + Panorpodidae or — in case that the branches of the media in the forewing are reduced to 4 independently from these two families — not being closely related to these.     

Messelogale, eine neue Raubtiergattung aus dem Mitteleozän von Messel (Deutschland)

Another juvenile specimen of the small carnivoranMiacis?kessleri Springhorn 1982 from the lower Middle Eocene oilshales (MP 11) of Messel near Darmstadt (South Hesse, Germany) is described. The nearly complete skeleton displays characteristics in dentition, skull, and limbs showing additional anatomical details and suggesting a taxonomic revision. Especially the assumption that there exist two molars only in the lower and upper jaw, as well as the trenchant talonid of the lower carnassial contradict the allocation to the genusMiacis. The species consequently is assigned to a new genusMesselogale. The higher taxonomic status of miacids in relation to the system of Carnivora is discussed.Messelogale kessleri shows basicranial characters, which indicate a classification within the Caniformia. On the other hand the loss of M3 suggests a relationship to the Feliformia. The species has an almost completely reduced (cf. holotype) or moderately well-developed dP³-Parastyl (this specimen), but it is not as enlarged as in primitive Feliformia, nor as reduced as in some Caniformia. Moreover, a calcaneal fibular facet cannot be excluded. Both attributes are representing the primitive morphology of the species. That does not ally the species with the Feliformia, but makes it, according toFlynn &; Galiano (1982), a very primitive Caniformia.     

Schwellenkonzentrationen verschiedener Stickstoffquellen für die Vermehrung einiger Bakterien aus nährstoffarmen Gewässern

Summary Minimal growth-limiting concentrations of different nitrogen sources were tested in liquid cultures of Flavobacterium aquatile, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Bacillus subtilis in population densities of approximately 5000 cells/ml. Evidence of multiplication was given by plate counts and microscopic counts on membrane filters. The lowest nitrogen concentrations at which multiplication occured (threshold concentrations) ranged from <1 to 500 /l and depended upon both the kind of nitrogen source and the organism used (Table3). A. aerogenes proved to require larger concentrations of nitrogen than the two other organisms. Nitrogen of ammonia and of hydrolysed peptone showed lower threshold concentrations than nitrogen of nitrate and untreated peptone, respectively. Microscopic measurement of the cell size indicated formation of cell material of B. subtilis at concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen lower than those necessary for multiplication.

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Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. A. Rippel zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Contribution from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, New Series.     

Die GattungTeutonica Schröder 1991 (Gastropoda) aus dem Dogger Deutschlands und Nordwestpolens

Up to now the genusTeutonica has only been known by its type species. Four species and two subspecies are related to it herein; two species and one subspecies are new:T. verrucosa, T. procera andT. gramanni nodosa. Zygopleura rectecostata Walther is based on poorly preserved juvenile shells of aTeutonica species — therefore its specific identity will remain doubtful while its generic placement is clear. The genusTeutonica is known from the Bajocian and Bathonian. It was formerly related to the families Cerithiopsidae or Zygopleuridae. Here the genus is placed with the Polygyrinidae becausePolygyrina andTeutonica are very similar regarding teleoconch shape, course of the growth lines, and the protoconch shape.     

Eine obereozäne Blätterflora aus dem mitteldeutschen Weißelster-Becken

A leaf flora with 14 taxa is described from a fluvial sequence of the Tertiary Weisselster Basin; it has been found in the Schleenhain opencast mine (south of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany). Besides key elements of the megafloral assemblage Zeitz sensuMai andWalther (1985) (for the Upper Eocene of Central Europe) the flora yields also archaic elements from the Middle Eocene such asVaccinioides ovosimilis, and elements, which are common both in the Upper Eocene and in the Oligocene, such asLaurophyllum pseudoprinceps. One up to now unknown Lauraceae is described as the new speciesLaurophyllum fischkandelii n. sp. Deciduous (arctotertiary) forms are absent. The leaf taxa are representatives of a mesophilous, evergreen Fagaceae-Lauraceae forest. According to the composition of the flora the locality can be placed into the (mega-) floral assemblage Hordle — Zeitz sensuMai (1995), which is Late Eocene in age.