不同品种玉米对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响

为评价新入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾对我国不同品种玉米的为害潜能,本文采用组建实验种群生命表的方法研究了草地贪夜蛾对3种甜质型玉米(穗甜1号、正甜68和华金甜1号)以及3种糯质型玉米(京科糯2000、广黑甜糯和广糯1号)的生存适合度,分析了草地贪夜蛾生物学指标与玉米叶片主要营养物质及粗纤维含量间的相关性。结果表明: 取食甜质型玉米的草地贪夜蛾的幼虫存活率、蛹重、雌成虫产卵量均显著高于取食糯质型玉米;取食甜质型玉米草地贪夜蛾的内禀增长率介于0.1566～0.1843,净生殖力介于187.97～353.35,也均高于取食糯质型玉米(内禀增长率介于0.0998～0.1465,净生殖力介于25.89～95.34),表明取食甜质型玉米的草地贪夜蛾具有更高的种群增长能力。甜质型玉米叶片中主要营养物质维生素C、淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪、总氨基酸及粗纤维的含量普遍高于糯质型玉米,草地贪夜蛾的净生殖力与维生素C、淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质及粗纤维的含量均存在显著正相关关系。草地贪夜蛾在甜质型玉米上具有更高的生存适合度。     

Effects of selected insecticides on Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Effects of eight insecticides on Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., were evaluated under the laboratory conditions. The insecticides were three azadirachtin-based products (Ecozin, Agroneem and Neemix), two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products (Xentari and Crymax), indoxacarb, spinosad, and λ-cyhalothrin. When D. insulare pupae were treated, none of the insecticide treatments except λ-cyhalothrin significantly reduced adult emergence, with 76-90% adults emerged from the treated pupae. In the λ-cyhalothrin treatment, only 10% D. insulare pupae produced adult wasps. Indoxacarb, spinosad, and λ-cyhalothrin caused 100% D. insulare adult mortality in 24 h in Petri dishes sprayed with insecticides in the contact bioassays, and 95.8, 100 and 95.8% adult mortality in 24 h in the ingestion bioassays, respectively. In contrast, all three azadirachtin-based insecticides and the two Bt-insecticides caused only 0-10.4% mortality of D. insulare adults after ingestion. The surviving D. insulare from ingestion treatments with Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides parasitized 50.8-67.6% of P. xylostella larvae, respectively, compare to 72.1% for the water control. After ingesting indoxacarb, spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin mixed in honey-water, both the females and the males lived significantly shorter than those ingesting Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides and the non-insecticide honey-water. Effects of leaf residues of indoxacarb, spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin varied significantly. The leaf residues of spinosad had the least effects on D. insulare adults, and 7- and 10-day-old residue only caused 5.6 and 7.4% mortality in 24 h, whereas 10-day-old leaf residues of indoxacarb and λ-cyhalothrin caused 40.7 and 57.4% mortality in 24 h, respectively.     

Egg limitation and the functional response of the parasitoid Campoletis grioti (Hym: Ichneumonidae)

The hypothesis that mature egg availability during a parasitoid's lifetime affects the functional response, as well as a parasitoid's handling time and searching efficiency, was tested. Campoletis grioti Blanchard (Hym: Ichneumonidae) female parasitoids and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lep: Noctuidae) host larvae were used as an example. Each female of C. grioti was confined with different host densities (6, 10, 30, 50, 80, 120 and 160 larvae/day) of first and second S. frugiperda instars until the female died. We found that C. grioti showed a type II functional response, with a reduction in the number of parasitized hosts in relation to female ageing. Handling time and searching efficiency increased over time. When we standardized the data simulating unlimited egg supply, the functional response, handling time and searching efficiency became constant throughout the parasitoid's life. We discuss the relationship between egg availability and functional response and its associated parameters, and its consequence on biological control programs.     

Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The incorporation of stilbene-derived optical brighteners into baculovirus formulations can substantially enhance virus infectivity and persistence of inoculum in the field. We evaluated the effect of the optical brightener Tinopal UNPA-GX (Sigma Chemical Co.) on the weight, development time, adult emergence and sex ratio of the principal pest of maize in the Americas, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Tinopal UNPA-GX was incorporated into semi-synthetic diet at a final concentration of 0.1 or 0.05% (w/v) and larvae of S. frugiperda were individually reared on the Tinopal-treated or an untreated control diet. In both Tinopal treatments, the weights of larvae and pupae were significantly reduced by up to 36 and 13%, respectively. The duration of larval development was increased by up to 30% compared to the controls. Adult emergence was high in all treatments (≈90%) and was not affected by the presence of Tinopal in the diet. Significant differences in the proportion of adult females were observed in the 0.05% Tinopal treatment but not in the control or 0.1% Tinopal treatments. By affecting the integrity of the peritrophic membrane and the rate of sloughing of intestinal epithelial cells, natural pest populations exposed to optical brightener residues from bioinsecticide applications are likely to suffer a reduction in growth rate and other correlates of insect fitness.     

Ultralow rates of spinosad in phagostimulant granules provide control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize

Field trails in 2002 and 2003 were performed to determine the efficacy of maize flour-based granular formulations with ultralow rates of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 g [AI]/ha), for control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in maize, Zea mays L., in southern Mexico. Spinosad formulations were compared with a chemical standard, a commercial granular formulation of chlorpyrifos (150 g [AI]/ha). In both years, application of spinosad resulted in excellent levels of control, indicated by the number of living S. frugiperda larvae recovered from experimental plots. The efficacy of spinosad applied at 0.3 and 1.0 g (AI)/ha was very similar to that of chlorpyrifos. Natural reinfestation caused S. frugiperda numbers in insecticide treated plots to return to values similar to the control treatmentby 10-15d postapplication. Many spinosad-intoxicated larvae collected in the field died later in the laboratory in 2002, but not in 2003. Percentage mortality due to parasitoid emergence did not differ in any treatment in either field trial. The number of parasitoids that emerged from S. frugiperda collected in each treatment was significantly reduced after application of spinosad (all rates) or chlorpyrifos due to a reduction in the number of host larvae. Parasitoid numbers returned to control values by 9-15 d postapplication in all treatments. The most prevalent parasitoid was the braconid Chelonus insularis Cresson, which represented approximately 80% of emerging parasitoids in both years. We conclude that appropriate formulation technology can greatly enhance the performance of this naturally derived, biorational insecticide.     

Limited protection of the parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae from Drosophila suzukii host‐directed spinosad suppression

Laboratory trials were conducted to determine whether the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), puparium can provide an effective physical barrier to protect immature stages of the pupal parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from spinosad treatments. Spinosad insecticides are currently an important suppression strategy for D. suzukii in organically managed fruit orchards although they are well known to cause mortality in hymenopteran parasitoids. High adult P. vindemiae female mortality (83%) occurred within 24 h of exposure to D. suzukii pupae treated with 10 mg a.i. l^?1 spinosad and female parasitoids did not avoid the pupae treated with similar low levels of spinosad in choice tests that included untreated pupae. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae develops as an idiobiont ectoparasitoid on host fly pupa within the sclerotized host puparium. Significant P. vindemiae survival and emergence was recorded when parasitized D. suzukii puparia were exposed to field treatment levels of spinosad; however, the parasitoid survival was dependent on the time of the spinosad treatment of the host post‐parasitization. Significant parasitoid survival occurred when the host puparia were treated at 2 weeks when the parasitoid was in the pupal stage but did not occur when the host puparia were treated at 1 week post‐parasitization, when the parasitoids were still in a larval stage. The parasitoid adults consumed or otherwise came in contact with residual degrading spinosad when they exited the treated host, and consequently high and low adult parasitoid mortality occurred when the adults emerged from puparia treated at 2 and 1 week(s), respectively. Our study indicates that generally the integration of P. vindemiae parasitism into a sustainable D. suzukii management program is not compatible with spinosad treatments, although P. vindemiae in the pupal stage inside sclerotized host puparia appear to be minimally impacted by spinosad treatments, provided that the spinosad degrades before parasitoid emergence.     

Field application of an insect virus in the Mekong Delta: Effects of a Vietnamese nucleopolyhedrovirus on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitic natural enemies

A new Vietnamese isolate of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was applied in local soybean fields, and the effect of its application on S. litura larvae was examined. The virus was propagated in vivo and a crude extract was prepared for spraying at high and low doses (1.7×10⁸ and 3.3×10⁷ occlusion bodies/m², respectively). The percentage of larvae infected with NPV increased from 22.2% on the day before NPV application (Day 0) to 50.8% (Day 6) in the high dose treatment plot, and from 7.9% (Day 0) to 35.7% (Day 6) in the low-dose plot. Microsporidium sp. was observed as another major pathogen of S. litura larvae. Three dominant parasitic natural enemies were found in S. litura larvae: Microplitis manilae (Braconidae), Chelonus sp. (Braconidae), and Peribaea orbata (Tachinidae). The fate of parasitoids developing within virus- and Microsporidium- infected hosts differed between these three parasitoids; more Chelonus sp. emerging from infected hosts died during their larval stage before spinning cocoons, or failed to reach adult eclosion, than did P. orbata. This suggests that the impact of virus application on the survival of parasitoids varies from species to species.     

Insect allelochemic effects of sesquiterpene lactones from Melampodium

The crude syrups of Melampodium americanum L. and Melampodium leucanthum Torr. and Gray and their principal sesquiterpene lactones, melampodin A and melampodinin A, significantly inhibit growth and deter feeding of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Melampodin A and melampodinin A caused 2.3 × and 5.5 × greater S. frugiperda larval mortality, respectively, than glaucolide A, a sesquiterpene lactone with previously demonstrated insect allelochemic effects.     

Is the Naturally Derived Insecticide Spinosad® Compatible with Insect Natural Enemies?

Spinosad® (Dow Agrosciences) is a neurotoxic insecticide produced by fermentation of an actinomycete. Spinosad is classified as an environmentally and toxicologically reduced risk material and has been embraced by IPM practitioners as a biorational pesticide. We examined the available information on the impact of spinosad on natural enemies and classified mortality responses to spinosad using the IOBC laboratory and field scales that run from 1 (harmless) to 4 (harmful). In total, there were 228 observations on 52 species of natural enemies, of which 162 involved predators (27 species) and 66 involved parasitoids (25 species). Overall, 71% (42/59) of laboratory studies and 79% (81/103) of field-type studies on predators gave a class 1 result (not harmful). Hymenopteran parasitoids are significantly more susceptible to spinosad than predatory insects with 78% (35/45) of laboratory studies and 86% (18/21) of field-type studies returning a moderately harmful or harmful result. Predators generally suffer insignificant sub-lethal effects following exposure to spinosad, whereas parasitoids often show sub-lethal effects including loss of reproductive capacity, reduced longevity, etc. All studies agree that spinosad residues degrade quickly in the field, with little residual toxicity at 3-7 days post-application. We also examined the importance of route of exposure, species-specific and stage-specific susceptibility and we make recommendations for future studies. We conclude that for conservation of predator populations, spinosad represents one of the most judicious insecticides available but the use of this product should be evaluated carefully in situations where conservation of parasitoid populations is of prime concern.     

Impact of spinosad on ichneumonid‐parasitized Choristoneura rosaceana larvae and subsequent parasitoid emergence

The impact of low levels of spinosad on the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the koinobiont endoparasitoid, Apophua simplicipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was assessed when the parasitoid was in the larval stage within second‐ and fourth‐instar hosts. These are developmental stages that would be exposed to spring orchard treatments of the insecticide. Oral spinosad LC₅₀ levels for unparasitized obliquebanded leafroller hosts were <1% of the recommended orchard treatment levels. Apophua simplicipes survival was significantly reduced within parasitized spinosad‐treated second‐ and fourth‐instar larval hosts. Both the leafroller host and parasitoid were much more susceptible (ca. 65‐fold) to spinosad when larval hosts fed on spinosad‐treated leaf material as opposed to being treated topically. When hosts were exposed to extremely low doses of spinosad, a small percentage of parasitoids was able to survive to emerge as adults. These laboratory trials predict that applications of spinosad may reduce biological control of C. rosaceana populations by ichneumonid endoparasitoids developing within treated hosts.     

Effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)

The insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, a formulation that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) at three temperature levels (20, 25, and 30 degrees C) and four commodities (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; rice, Oryza sativa L.; and maize, Zea mays L.). For this purpose, quantities of the above-mentioned grains were treated with spinosad at two dose rates (20 and 50 ppm of the formulation, corresponding to 0.025 and 0.06 ppm AI, respectively), and mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7 and 14 d, whereas progeny production was assessed 65 d later. Generally, for both species, mortality increased with dose, exposure interval, and temperature. For S. oryzae, adult survival and progeny production were lower on wheat than the other grains. After 14 d of exposure, mortality of S. oryzae adults on wheat treated with 50 ppm ranged between 61 and 98%, whereas in the other three commodities it did not exceed 42%. Mortality of R. dominica after 14 d on grains treated 50 ppm ranged between 91 and 100%. For this species, progeny production from exposed parental adults was low in all commodities regardless of temperature. Results indicate that spinosad dust can be used as an alternative to traditional grain protectants, but its effectiveness is highly determined by the target species, commodity, dose, and temperature.     

3种海桑属濒危红树植物的种群结构与动态特征

以3种海桑属（Sonneratia）濒危红树植物——海南海桑（Sonneratia×hainanensis）、拟海桑（S.×gulngai）、卵叶海桑（S. ovata）为研究对象,通过编制静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率和消亡率等曲线分析其种群结构,并用生存分析与时间序列对其未来的数量动态进行预测,以阐述其种群结构特征和动态变化规律,为海桑属濒危植物种群的保护和恢复提供基础资料和科学依据。结果显示：（1）卵叶海桑种群结构为增长型;而由于缺乏幼龄个体,海南海桑和拟海桑均为衰退型。（2）三者的种群存活曲线都表现为Deevey-Ⅱ型,各种群的死亡率和消失率曲线的变化趋势一致,并随着龄级的增加呈波状上升趋势,其中海南海桑和拟海桑均在老龄阶段遇到了障碍,而卵叶海桑幼龄个体的发展遇到了瓶颈。（3）海南海桑和拟海桑种群自我更新能力较差,未来种群数量将逐渐衰退。卵叶海桑种群具有良好的恢复潜力,未来种群数量将逐步增加,但由于其种群个体数随龄级增加呈衰减趋势,若继续保持这种态势,将有可能导致龄级断层现象。（4）人类的养殖活动导致原有生境破碎化,产生了一系列不适宜种子萌发与幼苗生长的环境因子（光照、盐度、...     

Effects of neem and spinosad on Ceratothripoides claratris (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an important vegetable pest in Thailand, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Toxicity of three biopesticides, i.e., two neem products and spinosad, was determined on foliage-dwelling life stages of Ceratothripoides claratris (Shumsher) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a major thrips pest on tomatoes, Lycopersicon spp., in central Thailand. Direct and residual contact toxicities of NeemAzal-TS (1% azadirachtin) and systemic activity of NeemAzal-MD 5 (5% azadirachtin) affected the survival of first larval stage (L1) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, neither second larval stage (L2) nor adult survival was influenced by both neem products. On the contrary, spinosad caused 100% mortality in both larval stages and adults of C. claratris regardless of the concentrations tested. No strong ovicidal effects were detected in three different age groups of eggs (i.e., 1, 2, and 3 d old) topically treated with both NeemAzal-TS and spinosad. Residual toxicity was highest with fresh residues of NeemAzal-TS compared with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-d-old residues and in general was higher under laboratory than greenhouse conditions. Irrespective of the age of the spray residues, spinosad always caused 100% mortality in larvae and adults. Strongest systemic effects were observed in L1 larvae 1 d after soil drenching with NeemAzal-MD 5 at the highest concentration tested. Foliar and soil applications of NeemAzal-TS and NeemAzal-MD 5, respectively, did not cause any oviposition deterrent effects.     

Effect of temperature on efficacy of insecticides to differential grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The effect of temperature on activity of insecticides for controlling grasshoppers in leafy green vegetables was evaluated. Insecticides evaluated had differing modes of action and included diflubenzuron, azadirachtin, Beauveria bassiana, spinosad, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, and naled. We evaluated these insecticides for efficacy to third instars of differential grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas), at temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 degrees C. In the laboratory, treatment with esfenvalerate resulted in 100% mortality at temperatures of 10 to 35 degrees C, and efficacy was not temperature dependent. Treatment with spinosad resulted in similar mortality as with esfenvalerate at all temperatures except 10 degrees C. The activity of B. bassiana was greatest at 25 degrees C and was adversely affected by high and low temperatures. Treatment with diflubenzuron resulted in increased mortality at high temperatures, and at 35 degrees C its activity was similar to that of esfenvalerate and spinosad. The activity of azadirachtin ranged from 19 to 31% and was not influenced by temperature. In field studies, spinosad, diflubenzuron, and esfenvalerate provided differing levels of mortality both at application and when nymphs were exposed to 1-h-old residues. However, only spinosad and diflubenzuron provided similar levels of mortality when nymphs were exposed to 24-h-old residues. The residual activity of endosulfan, naled, esfenvalerate, and spinosad decreased with increasing time (0-24 h) after exposure to sunlight and high summer temperatures. Compared with other insecticides, naled had a short residual activity period and activity was dependent upon immediate contact with the nymphs or their substrate. B. bassiana was inactive under high temperatures and intense sunlight as occurs in summer.     

Residual control and lethal concentrations of GF-120 (spinosad) for Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between residual time of GF-120 (spinosad) treatment and mortality in three species of Anastrepha Schiner. Concentrations of 96, 72, 48, and 24 ppm were aged on mango leaves under field conditions for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 d after application. We found that Anastrepha ludens, A. obliqua, and A. serpentina were highly sensitive to spinosad. The effects of spinosad were not reduced over the 4 d after the initial application, even at a concentration of 24 ppm. Mortality at 14 d after the application of 72 and 96 ppm of spinosad was similar in each of the three fruit fly species. In addition, we found that 24 ppm of spinosad was consumed the most by each species even though no direct relationship between the rate of consumption per female and the dose of the product was observed, in this test, higher consumption of active ingredient was observed at a concentration of 72 ppm, for A. ludens, 48 ppm for A. obliqua, and 96 ppm for A. serpentina. Our results suggest that a spinosad concentration of 72 ppm may effectively control these pests for at least 10 d under field conditions.     

Dendrosoter protuberans (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), An Important Elm Bark Beetle Parasitoid

The most favourable period for Dendrosoter protuberans development occurred when wasps were introduced 16 days after the beginning of Scolytus multistriatus development (the greatest number of emerged wasps per a single parasitoid female with a very positive sexual index and high percentage of parasitised elm bark beetle larvae). No significant differences were observed in parasitoid efficiency between the 11^th and the 21^st day. The most unfavourable period for elm bark beetle parasitisation was six days after the beginning of S. multistriatus development (a low reproduction of D. protuberans, a negative sexual index and a low number of destroyed S. multistriatus larvae). The reproduction of both the elm bark beetle and D. protuberans was greater in the first, than in the second generation. The developmental period of D. protuberans in the first generation was approximately two days longer than in the second generation. Furthermore, the development of females was 1-2 days longer than the development of males. D. protuberans developed most successfully on S. multistriatus (the most abundant parasitoid reproduction with the longest developmental period and a very positive sexual index that resulted in a high percentage of parasitised larvae) and then on S. ensifer, S. pygmaeus and Pteleobius kraatzi. On the other hand, S. scolytus larvae were the poorest host of all elm species - the reproduction of D. protuberans in this species was the scarcest with the shortest period of development and a negative sexual index, hence larval parasitisation was the lowest.     

狮牙草状风毛菊果期资源分配对海拔的响应

植物资源分配是目前植物生态学研究的热点问题, 主要集中在性分配和繁殖分配两个方面。该研究以分布在青藏高原的狮牙草状风毛菊(Saussurea leontodontoides)作为研究材料, 研究了6个海拔高度上果期植株的繁殖特征及资源分配的差异, 并用异速模型分析了繁殖性状及资源分配与个体大小的关系。结果显示: 1)狮牙草状风毛菊的个体大小、繁殖器官生物量、营养器官生物量、种子数和营养分配均与海拔存在极显著负相关关系, 百粒质量和繁殖分配与海拔存在极显著正相关关系。2)在不同海拔高度下, 百粒质量、种子数、繁殖器官生物量及营养分配与植株个体大小呈正相关关系; 繁殖分配与植株个体大小呈负相关关系; 而营养器官生物量与植株个体大小呈极显著正相关关系。这表明海拔和个体大小对狮牙草状风毛菊的繁殖对策有不同程度的影响, 狮牙草状风毛菊通过增加繁殖部分的生物量和百粒质量来适应高海拔的胁迫环境。     

交配距离与父本数量对野慈姑有性繁殖的影响

植物的有性繁殖是生活史和进化的核心, 母本及环境对繁殖的影响固然重要, 父本的贡献亦不容忽视。父本来源与多样性对坐果结籽和后代质量的影响明显, 但由于不同物种或种群的繁殖特点和进化历程, 往往也会呈现其独特性。该研究旨在探究挺水植物野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)是否存在自交或远交衰退, 以及父本数量对其繁殖和后代表现的影响。通过人工控制授粉, 设置自交、近距离异交(<50 km)、远距离异交(＞200 km) 3种交配距离以及单、双两类父本数量, 共计5种授粉处理, 观测野慈姑坐果概率、单果种子数量、种子面积、萌发率(2018和2019年)、幼苗芽长(2018和2019年)共7项指标。结果显示: 不同距离的交配对野慈姑的坐果概率、单果种子数量、种子面积、萌发率、幼苗芽长没有显著影响, 野慈姑未出现明显的自交衰退或远交衰退现象。父本数量的增加对野慈姑的结实数量(坐果概率、单果种子数量、种子面积)无影响, 但结实质量方面, 双父本处理的种子萌发率略高于单父本处理。综上所述, 交配距离与父本数量对野慈姑的繁殖表现影响较小, 这可能与其频繁的自交历史、远距离的基因扩散以及高度相似的水生环境有关; 同时, 该研究基于20余个自然种群的基因型, 研究结果也表明了野慈姑物种水平有性繁殖的优异和稳定性。     

Reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in Australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. Zero- to 48-h-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a Potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. Tests were standardized to deliver a pesticide dose comparable with commercial application of highest label rates at 1,000 liter/ha. Cumulative mortality was assessed 48 h, 4 d, and 7 d after spraying. Fecundity was assessed for 7 d from start of oviposition. No significant mortality or fecundity effects were detected for the following compounds at single-use application at 1,000 liter/ha: azoxystrobin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki, captan, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, fenarimol, glyphosate, hexaconazole, indoxacarb, metalaxyl/copper hydroxide, myclobutanil, nonyl phenol ethylene oxide, phosphorous acid, potassium bicarbonate, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, synthetic latex, tebufenozide, triadimenol, and trifloxystrobin. Iprodione and penconazole had some detrimental effect on fecundity. Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor. The following compounds were highly toxic (high 48-h mortality): benomyl, carbendazim, emamectin benzoate, mancozeb, spinosad (direct overspray and residue), wettable sulfur (> or = 400 g/100 liter), and pyrimethanil; pyrimethanil had no significant effect on fecundity of surviving females. Indoxacarb safety to E. victoriensis contrasts with its toxicity to key parasitoids and chrysopid predators. Potential impact of findings is discussed.