中国茜草科资料之二

在编研《中国植物志》茜草科的过程中,对龙船花属（Ｉｘｏｒａ）植物作进一步检查和整理,共发现６个新分类群Ｉｘｏｒａｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｓ,Ｉ．ａｍｐｌｅｘｉｃａｕｌｉｓ,Ｉ．ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ,Ｉ．ｐａｒａｏｐａｒａ,Ｉ．ｆｏｎｃｈｅｗｉ,Ｉ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ;新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院华南植物研究所标本馆（ＩＢＳＣ）。     

龙船花两变种叶面积回归方程的建立

以龙船花两变种橙红龙船花Ixora coccinea var. coccinea、邦德胡卡红仙丹草I. coccinea var. bandhuca的成熟叶为材料,利用WinFolia软件测定多项叶形态指标,并对叶面积进行回归分析,分别建立其8种回归方程以及总的适用回归方程。结果表明,龙船花两变种的叶片长×叶水平宽、叶周长、叶垂直长、叶片长、叶水平宽、叶片长×叶片长以及叶水平宽×叶水平宽与叶面积之间的相关系数及复相关系数均呈极显著水平(P＜0.01),可分别用来建立龙船花的叶面积回归方程;叶面积与叶片长×叶水平宽的相关系数及复相关系数最高,基于叶片长×叶水平宽的8种叶面积回归方程更好地估测两种龙船花的叶面积。经检验发现,二次函数、复合函数、幂函数能更准确地估测叶面积;由两种龙船花共同建立的3种总的回归方程中,复合函数与幂函数能更好地模拟估测叶面积。     

基于AHP法构建龙船花属植物园林应用综合评价体系

为使龙船花属Ixora 植物在园林配置中得到合理、科学的应用,采用层次分析法(AHP法)构建龙船花属植物园林应用综合评价体系。从观赏性、适应性、配置应用等3方面选取花色、花序大小、小花数量、花冠裂片形状、花期、花叶比例、叶色、株高、株型、耐寒性、光照适应性、耐湿性、耐旱性、丛植或片植、孤植、盆栽等16个指标,通过构建判断矩阵计算各层次指标权重,准则层的权重范围为0.2017～0.4547,指标层的权重范围为0.0159～0.1308。采用3个标度赋值各指标的相对重要性,制定评价体系的评分标准。为检验该评价体系的可行性,选取9种常见龙船花植物进行综合评价,评价显示：邦德红仙丹草I. coccinea var. bandhuca、橙红龙船花I. coccinea、龙船花I. chinensis得分最高,具有较好的园林应用前景。该评价体系具有可行性,可为龙船花属植物引种及园林应用提供参考。     

矮生龙船花的组织培养和快速繁殖

矮生龙船花(IxoracoccineaL.)的带节茎段在MS 2,4D2.0mg/L培养基上产生大量的愈伤组织;在MS 6BA1.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基上芽的增殖系数达413,并产生少量的愈伤组织;在MS NAA0.2～2.0mg/L培养基上只产生芽而无愈伤组织形成。愈伤组织在MS 6BA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L培养基上产生大量的不定芽,丛生芽在MS 6BA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L培养基上生长较快并产生较多分枝,将分枝节下或切成段后在MS 6BA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L培养基上能迅速生长并产生新的分枝。试管内小苗在1/2MS NAA0.5mg/L培养基上的生根壮苗效果较好。矮生龙船花试管苗成活率为935%。     

光和底物对乙醇酸氧化酶的基因表达的诱导

从菠菜中提纯了乙醇酸氧化酶并制备其抗体,经免疫双扩散、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ证实水稻和豌豆黄化苗中不存在乙醇酸氧化酶。在黑暗中,底物可促进该酶基因的表达,而在黄化苗光照初期,推测光可能是不经过底物促进该酶基因的表达。     

NaCl胁迫对大黄龙船花生长及生理生化的影响

为探讨大黄龙船花(Ixora collinea‘Gillettese How’)的耐盐特性,对NaCl 胁迫下大黄龙船花扦插幼苗的生长和生理生化指标进行了研究.结果表明,NaCl 胁迫处理后大黄龙船花叶片中的丙二醛含量、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量升高,膜伤害程度加大.叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量与NaCl 浓度间存在显著正相关关系.随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,叶片总叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,两者与NaCl 浓度间呈显著负相关关系.可溶性糖含量、SOD 活性与NaCl 浓度间的相关性不显著.较低浓度的盐胁迫(0.2%~0.6%)对大黄龙船花的生长有轻微的抑制作用,而0.8%~1.5% 的高浓度盐胁迫显著影响生理生化指标.     

曲酸的研究和应用

长期以来人们都知道食品酿造业操作工人的双手总是显得白嫩这一现象,生物化学家受此现象启发并进行研究,发现豆酱、酱、酒、醋等的酿造过程中发酵菌曲霉菌（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｓｐ．）产生了一种天然产物,经分离、纯化和化学结构分析,确定是一种５羟基２羟甲基γ吡喃酮化合物,定名为曲酸（ＫｏｊｉｃＡｃｉｄ）。随后又进行了一系列研究,证明曲酸是皮肤细胞合成黑色素（Ｍｅｌａｎｉｎ）关键酶酪氨酸氧化酶的专特性抑制剂,抑制黑色素的合成,肯定了曲酸祛斑、阻滞色素沉着、使皮肤美白的独特功效。曲酸的应用,使美白祛斑化妆品更新换代,在国外各种牌号的含曲酸高档化妆品已相继投入市场。本研究生产的生物高技术新产品—曲酸制剂,为我国化妆品生产厂家开发高级曲酸化妆品提供优质廉价的原料。     

2-酮-L-古龙酸还原酶分离纯化及其理化、酶学性质的研究

从发酵Ｌ山梨糖的Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ和Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ２９８０混和菌株的无细胞抽提液中分离到了２酮Ｌ古龙酸还原酶（ＫＧＲ）,测得其分子量为９０ｋＤａ。动力学性质研究表明它为一个典型的ＭｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓＭｅｎｔｅｎ氏酶,对２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸作用的Ｋ_ｍ值为３.４２×１０^－３ｍｏｌ,最适作用ｐＨ为６.５,最适作用温度为３０℃。２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶的合成不受Ｌ-山梨糖和２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸的诱导,故推测２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶是Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ的一个组成酶。     

米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae发酵生产曲梭的研究

分离到Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｏｒｙｚａｅ１３个菌株,其曲酸产量变化幅度１６．６－４８．６ｍｇ／ｍｌ,从中选出４个高产菌株。在１％酵母提取物和１５％蔗糖培养液中３０℃发酵培养,８￣１０天菌体生长量和曲酸产量达到最大值,随后曲酸产量迅速下降。蔗糖浓度对菌体生长和曲酸产量影响甚大,最适蔗糖浓度为１５％。天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、吡哆醇、叶酸和抗坏血酸有利于菌体生长并显著提高曲酸产量。将在ＹＥＳ     

曲酸生产菌的诱变选育

Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｏｒｙｚａｅ ２３３６两次紫外诱变后筛选出突变苗株ＵＶ２１０１２－１。该菌株曲酸产量比出发菌提高了１．６８倍;遗传性状稳定,传代５次曲酸产量基本不下降,而且发酵周期也比出发菌株明显缩短。     

Grandmaternal age at birth of parents of children with trisomy 21

Summary The authors investigated the age of the parents and grandmothers of 262 children with simple trisomy 21. In cases in which the mother was under 30, the mean grandmaternal age was higher than that of the controls. This might mean that some of these cases, being the children of old mothers, began their lives as trisomic zygotes.The authors assume that not only maternal but also paternal mosaicism might be significant. They evaluate their results in light of genetic counseling and in consideration of practical conclusions that can be used in prenatal genetic diagnosis.     

LeWRKY1基因的克隆及分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了番茄LeWRKY1 cDNA（Genbank登录号为FJ654265）全长,用生物信息学的方法对其进行分析,预测其编码的蛋白的定位和功能。同时利用Northern杂交技术分析了JA（jasmonic acid）或SA（salicylic acid）刺激时LeWRKY1在野生型番茄和番茄JA不敏感突变体jail（JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1）及番茄JA生物合成突变体spr2（prosystemin-mediated responses2）中的表达情况。LeWRKY1 cDNA序列全长1 740 bp,阅读框1 083 bp。生物信息学分析表明LeWRKY1含有1个WRKY结构域和1个C_2H_2型锌指结构。LeWRKY1可能是一种定位于细胞核的DNA结合蛋白,并可能具有转录调控、信号传导功能。表达分析推测LeWRKY1的表达是JA依赖而非SA依赖性的,且LeWRKY1的表达不依赖于生物体内JA的从头合成。     

GC-MS identification of abscisic acid and abscisic acid metabolites in seed of Vigna unguiculata

Abscisic acid, phaseic acid and 4′-dihydrophaseic acid were identified by GC-MS of derivatized (Me, MeTMSi) extracts from immature fruits of Vigna unguiculata. The fruits also contained some other ABA-related compounds, one of which might be epi-4′-dihydrophaseic acid while another was tentatively identified as 6′-hydroxymethylabscisic acid.     

Immunological aberrations in patients with aneuploid chromosome abnormalities and in their parents

Summary Studies of autoantibody reactions towards different organs in patients with aneuploid sex chromosome aberrations have been controversial, and no conclusions can be drawn at present. If the findings by certain authors of increased thyroid autoantibody titers in patients with Down's syndrome as well as in the mothers are confirmed by further studies, this might indicate that the increased thyroid autoantibody titers found in mothers of patients with Down's syndrome in some way might be aetiologically connected with the risk of non-disjunction resulting in trisomy 21.     

Quinolinate-like neurotoxicity produced by aminooxyacetic acid in rat striatum

Summary The endogenous tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid elicits in rodent brain a pattern of neuronal degeneration which resembles that caused by L-glutamate. Its qualities as a neurotoxic agent raised the hypothesis that quinolinic acid might be involved in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disorders. Kynurenic acid, another endogenous tryptophan metabolite and preferential N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, has been shown to block quinolinic acid neurotoxicity. Here we report that microinjections of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of kynurenine transaminase and of other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes, into the rat striatum produce neuronal damage resembling that caused by quinolinic acid. AOAA-induced striatal lesions can be prevented by kynurenic acid and the selective NMDA antagonist 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid. These results suggest that AOAA produces excitotoxic lesions by depleting brain concentrations of kynurenic acid (inhibition of synthetic enzyme) or due to impairment of intracellular energy metabolism (depletion of cell energy resources). The concept of deficient neuroprotection due to metabolic defects might help to clarify the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disorders and to develop strategies that may be useful in their treatment.This work was supported by research grant from the Polish Academy of Sciences.These data have been communicated to the International Congress on Amino Acid Research held in Vienna in August 7–12, 1989.     

Effect of phosphorus and potassium deficiency on keto acid and amino acid content of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves

Summary Lack of both phosphorus and potassuium results in accumulation of all the keto acids and amino acids in 30 days and 20 days old peanut leaves respectively. This is due to te sluggish metabolism of the tissue under P and K deficienty. Decrease of all the keto acids in 20 days old plants suggests that their synthesis might be affecte under P and K deficiency.     

Preliminary results of olfactory testing in rats without deprivation

Although rodents are nocturnal, their behavior is usually tested during the day. The authors present the results of a preliminary study, which suggest that altering the animals' day:night cycle might be the key to eliminating the need for food or water deprivation prior to testing.     

Breeding genetically modified rodents: tips for tracking and troubleshooting reproductive performance

Infertility or reduced fertility in genetically modified mouse strains represents a serious bottleneck for planned research projects. The authors describe simple methods for troubleshooting poor reproductive performance in breeding colonies and introduce various means of assisted reproduction that might be used to 'rescue' infertile lines.