PCR-RFLP 方法测定 ras 癌基因点突变

曾使用 PCR-RFLP 方法分析过 c-Ha-ras 癌基因第12密码子的点突变.因N-ras 基因第12位密码子、K-ras 基因第12和13位密码子无已知的限制性内切酶的酶切位点,不能使用 PCR-RFLP 方法分析这些位点的突变.在 PCR 引物的3′端引入一个误配的碱基使之正好成为某限制性内切酶的酶切位点,这样便能使用PCR-RFLP 技术分析 c-Ha-ras 基因第61位、N-ras 基因第12位、K-ras 基因第12和13位密码子的点突变.     

宫颈癌c-Ha-ras癌基因点突变的研究

用聚合酶链反应放大技术扩增宫颈癌e-Ha-ras癌基因第一外显子的基因片段,反应终产物与5′末端标记的特异寡核苷酸探针杂交,在18例宫颈癌DNA样品中,发现有6例存在e-Ha-ras癌基因第12位密码子的G-T突变,突变率为33％。推测第12位密码子的点突变是宫颈癌Ha-ras基因的活化途径之一。     

用分子生物学技术对草菇进行菌株鉴别

利用AP-PCR和RAPD技术对三个草菇菌株进行鉴别,其结果与用草菇菌株V34基因文库中的中等重复序列为探针进行限制性内切酶长度多态性分析(RFLP),及对编码核糖体5.8SrRNA的DNA(rDNA)进行PCR扩增后的产物进行限制性内切酶长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)的结果相一致。这一结果显示出用这四种方法对草菇菌株进行鉴别具有相似的效果。同时用这四种方法构建的分子生物学标记显示出这三个菌株中的两个菌株在遗传上有着较大程度的相似性。     

一种改进的禽类线粒体DNA提取方法

介绍一种碱变性法从禽类脏器中提取大量线粒体DNA,比较了从不同脏器提取mtDNA的难易程度和得率。结果表明：肝脏、脾脏的匀桨操作易于心脏,且肝脏的得率高于心脏,更高于脾脏;同时对影响mtDNA产量和质量的匀桨速度和次数,差速离心速度,溶液Ⅱ中SDS含量及溶液pH值等因素进行了初步分析和探讨。在借鉴前人研究基础上对禽类脏器mtDNA提取方法上进行了改进和优化,建立了一种从禽类脏器中有效制备mtDNA的方法。结果表明,这种方法得到的mtDNA可以满足限制性酶切实验的要求。     

中国人胃癌和正常组织基因组DNA中癌基因Ha-ras的限制性片段长度多态性研究

本文报道以PHS-49为探针,分析了中国人群中36例胃癌患者癌组织和25位正常人体组织基因组DNA中Ha-ras基因的BamHI限制性片段长度多态性(RFLPs)。发现了10种不同长度的片段和18种基因型。其中4种小于6kb的BamHI片段是迄今国外未见报道的,这可能是中国人群遗传多态性的一个特征。此外,在胃癌组织中发现Ha-ras的一些稀有等位基因和基因型的频率明显高于正常人群。对两名胃癌患者家系中的11名成员也作了RFLPs分析,发现有些成员出现3条和4条限制性片段的杂合个体,表明这些个体的染色体上含有的Ha-ras基因不只一份拷贝。对上述现象的可能原因作了分析和讨论。     

野大豆群体DNA随机扩增产物的限制性内切酶消化

为了提高ＲＡＰＤ方法检测野大豆群体ＤＮＡ多态性的能力,随机扩增产物用限制性内切酶消化,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离后用银染法检测酶切产物。结果发现：１．有的限制性内切酶能够消化野大豆群体ＤＮＡ的随机扩增产物,有的却不能。２．有的限制性内切酶消化无ＲＡＰＤ个体的扩增产物后能够产生多太性ＤＮＡ片段,有 内切酶不能产生。３．有的引物的无ＲＡＰＤ个体的扩增产物经限制性内切酶消化后能够产生多态性的ＤＮＡ片会面     

一种简便的DNA定量分子量标准的制备

目的：制备一种具有琼脂糖凝胶电泳定量功能的DNA分子量标准。方法：以pMD18-TSimple载体为基础骨架构建了长度为4.7kb的质粒,应用定点突变的方法,在载体上分别间隔100bp、200bp、400bp、800bp、1200bp处,加入了HindⅢ限制性内切酶的酶切位点,将该质粒扩增后并应用HindⅢ酶切后,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定。结果：获得的分子量条带大小依次为100bp、200bp、400bp、800bp、1200bp和2000bp,每次使用4μl可获得质量范围为10ng、20ng、40ng、80ng、120ng和200ng的定量标准品。结论：应用该方法制备标准品,具有制备简单、成本低、定量快速等优点。     

阴道分离因肯毛孢子菌的分子鉴定和种内分型

分别采用rRNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)和基因间隔区(IGS1)测序,ITS和IGS1区PCR限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)和基因组DNA的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等方法,对三株因肯毛孢子菌Trichosporon inkin进行分子特征及种内分型研究。结果显示,不同菌株的rRNA基因ITS区和IGS1区的序列相似性均高达100%,RFLP酶切图谱具有较理想的种内一致性,而不同菌株的RAPD图谱不尽相同。研究表明:rRNA基因IGS1区测序及RFLP酶切可考虑用于因肯毛孢子菌的菌种分子鉴定,而基因组DNA的RAPD则较适合于菌种的种内分型。     

黑麦属种间叶绿体DNA的变异性和种系发生的关系

为了获得有关黑麦属种间关系、黑麦属与小麦属和山羊草属种系发牛关系的新资料,应用Ban HI等8种限制性核酸内切酶酶解黑麦属5个种的叶绿体DNA,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,分析其酶解图谱。结果表明,黑麦属种叶绿体基因组的大小与小麦属和山羊草属的叶绿体基因组非常相似。根据黑麦属5个种遗传距离的估算,并与小麦属和山羊草属已知叶绿体基因组间所观察到的遗传距离相比,黑麦属叶绿体基因组的分化很少;这些资料进一步证实黑麦属的近代起源;并表明黑麦属、小麦属和山羊草属间的亲缘关系是非常密切的。     

Molecular typing of phlebotomine sand flies in al-madinah and asir regions,Saudi Arabia using PCR–RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA gene

Studies on the distribution of sand flies are important for the control of leishmaniasis in endemic and neighboring areas. In the present study polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to identify the distribution of sand flies in Al-Madinah and Asir Regions of Saudi Arabia using PCR–RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Based on the morphological characteristics, the sand flies were differentiated into seven species viz., Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus bergeroti, Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia antennata, Sergentomyia fallax and Sergentomyia schwetzi. PCR–RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with eight different restriction enzymes resulted in species-specific agarose gel electrophoresis banding patterns. Of the eight restriction enzymes used, not a single restriction enzyme by itself could separate species belonging to the same genera (like P. papatasi and P. sergenti by AseI) as well as those belonging to different genera (like P. papatasi and S. clydei by AseI). We therefore conclude that the genetic diversity within sand fly species based on PCR–RFLP technique was nonspecific. Studies are in progress to study the viability of alternate techniques like low-stringency single specific primer polymerase chain reaction which can be used for molecular typing.     

Molecular Characterization of Human Rotavirus VP4 Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was developed to examine the genetic variability and similarity of the VP4 genes of human rotaviruses. The VP4 genes of 14 human rotavirus strains, including VP4 serotype P1A strains (Wa, P, VA70), serotype P1B strain (DS-1), serotype P2 strains (M37, 1076, McN, ST3) and serotype P3 strains (AU-1, AU228, K8, PA151, PCP5, MZ58), and those of 2 feline strains (FRV-1 and Cat2) were reverse-transcribed and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified VP4 cDNAs were then digested with a panel of restriction endonucleases (HindIII, NruI, HaeIII, and EcoRI), resulting in the identification of at least one enzyme with which digestion produced an RFLP profile specific for a particular P serotype. Of interest was the presence of two distinct RFLP patterns within the serotype P3 VP4 genes: one corresponding to the VP4 gene carried by the members of the AU-1 genogroup and the other corresponding to the VP4 genes carried by naturally-occurring reassortants between members of the AU-1 and other genogroups.     

Genomic species typing of acinetobacters by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the recA gene

Abstract The recA gene has been used as a target in screening for the presence of acinetobacters on the genospecies level and differentiation of relevant acinetobacter species from one another by PCR. Primers deduced from known recA gene sequences of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae allowed the amplification of DNAs from all Acinetobacter genospecies. The size of the amplified DNA fragment from all genospecies tested was approximately 435–500 bp relative to DNA size markers. The amplified products were examined further by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Restriction analysis with only two enzymes, Mbo I and Hin fI, enabled us to identify all known genospecies. Since this method uses conserved recA gene sequences for primers, it is expected to be applicable for the identification of most bacterial species.     

Molecular phytogeny of conifers using RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified specific chloroplast genes

We investigated the molecular phylogeny of conifers using restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism of six polymerase chain reaction-amplified chloroplast genes — frxC, rbcL, psbA, psbD, trnK, and 16S. We detected 227 total site changes among species, representing 23, 26, 38, 48, 67, and 25 site changes in frxC, psbA, psbD, rbcL, trnK and 16S, respectively. The mean nucleotide substitution was 10.75% (SD 0.573) among species in five families. Forty maximally parsimonious trees were obtained using the Wagner parsimony method, and a 50% majority-rule consensus tree was obtained from them. Data analysis produced similar basic patterns when both the Wagner parsimony and the neighbor-joining methods were applied, and the main lineages were clearly separated. Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae species were used as the out-groups when applying Wagner parsimony methods. With the Wagner method, the consistency index was 0.510, the retention index was 0.879, and tree length was 435 steps. Our results indicated that Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae are closely related families and that Sciadopitys verticillata is the basal lineage of Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae. The neighbor-joining tree is similar to the 50% majority-rule consensus of the 40 Wagner parsimony trees except for the position of Keteleeria daversifolia, the Picea and Cedrus group, and the divergence within Cupressaceae.     

鱼腥藻PCC7120细菌光敏色素缺失突变体的自催化重组研究

采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）从鱼腥藻PCC7120 DNA中扩增出细菌光敏色素缺失突变体基因aphA（26-320）、aphA（27-320）、aphA（28-320）、aphA（29-320）和aphA（32-320）。利用表达载体pET30a进行高效表达,获得的AphA缺失突变体脱辅基蛋白在一定的反应体系下与藻蓝胆素进行了体外重组的研究。研究表明：AphA（26-320）体外重组获得的色素蛋白具有与植物光敏色素相似的可逆光致变色效应,同时酸性尿素变性实验和Zn^2＋荧光电泳实验显示藻蓝胆素和以上蛋白质发生共价连接。AphA（26-320）与藻蓝胆素重组产物的Pr／Pfr吸收峰处于660／610nm。其他4个缺失突变体,AphA（27-320）、AphA（28-320）、AphA（29-320）、AphA（32-320）和藻蓝胆素的重组产物中则没有发现可逆光致变色信号,表明这些缺失突变体不能和藻蓝胆素发生自催化重组。维系细菌光敏色素AphA与色素自催化连接的裂合酶结构域位于AphA（26-320）包含的肽链之中。     

Characterisation of the lpdA gene from Neisseria meningitidis by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing

P64k protein from Neisseria meningitidis is well recognised in sera from individuals convalescent from meningococcal disease or vaccinated with the Cuban antimeningococcal vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC. The presence of the protein in more than 80 meningococcal strains has also been verified. It is immunogenic in animal models and the antibodies elicited show bactericidal activity against meningococci. To further investigate at the molecular level whether lpdA, the gene coding for P64k protein, is conserved among different N. meningitidis strains, a total of 20 strains isolated from different geographic areas were differentiated on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the lpdA gene and restriction endonuclease digestion with HpaII. Although a total of five different PCR-RFLP patterns were present, nucleotide sequence determination showed that identity levels were as high as 93-99% among the N. meningitidis strains analysed.     

云南汉族人群D17S30位点扩增片段长度多态性A

应用PCR技术和小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染法, 对云南汉族人群D17S30位点扩增片段长度多态性进行了分析。在被检的105名无关个体中,共检出12个等位基因,41种基因型。等位基因频率范围在0.0048-0.2190之间,杂合度为83.81%,DP值为0.9647。观察的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinber g定律。 Abstract:A study on amplified fragment length polymorphism(Amp-FLP)at locus D17S30 in Han nationality of Yunnan was carried out by using PCR followed by a high-resolution PAGE technique and silver staining.In a sample of 105 unrelated individuals,a total 12 different alleles and 41 genotypes were detected.The heterozygosity was 83.81% and the probability of discrimination(DP) was 0.9647.The distribution of observed genotypes obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

一种基于PCR技术鉴定单拷贝转基因烟草的方法

为了鉴定携带单拷贝外源基因的转基因烟草植株,以烟草核基因组上已知的单拷贝内源基因（RNR2）为内参,转基因烟草植株基因组DNA为模板,在同一PCR反应体系中扩增内源基因（RNR2）和外源目的基因（NPTⅡ）。反应产物在琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,获得了预期大小的两条特异性扩增条带。经ImageJ软件捕捉分析两条目的条带的灰度比,当T1代转基因烟草植株中外源基因与内源基因的扩增条带灰度比为1时,所检测植株即为单拷贝外源基因的转基因烟草植株。孟德尔经典遗传学方法证实了上述检测结果高度可信。     

Molecular-marker-facilitated studies of morphological traits in maize. II: Determination of QTLs for grain yield and yield components

Genetic factors controlling quantitative inheritance of grain yield and its components have not previously been investigated by using replicated lines of an elite maize (Zea mays L.) population. The present study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with grain yield and grain-yield components by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. A population of 150 random F₂₃ lines was derived from the single cross of inbreds Mo17 and H99, which are considered to belong to the Lancaster heterotic group. Trait values were measured in a replicated trial near Ames, Iowa, in 1989. QTLs were located on a linkage map constructed with one morphological and 103 RFLP loci. QTLs were found for grain yield and all yield components. Partial dominance to overdominance was the primary mode of gene action. Only one QTL, accounting for 35% of the phenotypic variation, was identified for grain yield. Two to six QTLs were identified for the other traits. Several regions with pleiotropic or linked effects on several of the yield components were detected.     

A Preliminary Study on the Use of RFLP Analysis of the PCR Amplified Products in the ystematic Investigation of the Subtribe Astragalinae (Fabaceae)

The analysis of variation at the molecular level has been proven extremely useful in the reconstruction of plant phylogenetic relationships. A DNA fragment of 3100-base pairs (bp) in the chloroplast genes ndhF and psbA has been amplified from 9 species of 7 genera in the subtribe Astragalinae and 1 species in the subtribe Glycyrrhizinae. A proper procedure for specifically PCR-amplifing the 3.1 kb fragment was presented. By this procedure, the PCR products could be digested directly after amplification. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified products indicated that it had potential systematic significances in the phylogenetic studies of the subtribe Astragalinae. This approach could also reduce time, expense and the amount of DNA required, and furthermore, obtain reliable results.