<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alkalimonas amylolytica</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Alkalimonas delamerensis</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., novel alkaliphilic bacteria from soda lakes in China and East Africa

Two related novel alkaliphilic and slightly halophilic bacteria are described. They are strain N10 from Lake Chahannor in China and strain 1E1 from Lake Elmenteita in East Africa. Both strains are strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, alkaliphilic, mesophilic, and require NaCl for growth. The optimal conditions for growth were at pH 10–10.5 and 2–3% (w/v) NaCl. Cells of both strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, and motile with a single polar flagellum. Cellular fatty acids in both strains were predominantly saturated and mono-unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids (16:0, 16:17c and 18:17c). The major isoprenoid quinone of both strains was Q8. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and phosphatidylethanolamine. The guanine plus cytosine (G+C) content of the DNA was 52.5 mol% and 55.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two strains formed a distinct lineage within the gamma-3 subclass of the Proteobacteria. The strains shared a 16S rDNA sequence similarity of 96.1% and showed less than 93.7% of sequence similarity to any other known species. Based on polyphasic data, the two strains were differentiated from currently recognized genera and represent a new genus, Alkalimonas gen. nov., with two species, Alkalimonas amylolytica sp. nov. (type strain is N10^T = AS 1.3430) and Alkalimonas delamerensis sp. nov. ( type strain is 1E1^{P, T} = CBS 391.94). The GenBank accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains N10 and 1E1 are AF250323 and X92130, respectively.Communicated by K. Horikoshi     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scopulibacillus darangshiensis</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rock

A novel, Gram-positive bacterium, designated DLS-06^T, was isolated from scoria (volcanic ash) under rock on the peak of small mountain (300 m above the sea level; known as Darangshi Oreum) in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The cells of the isolate were aerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, endospore-forming, non-motile rods. The organism grew at 25∼30°C and initial pH 6.1∼9.1. A neighbour-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism was related to members of the family “Sporolactobacillaceae” and related taxa. The phylogenetic neighbours were Pullulanibacillus naganoensis (95.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Tuberibacillus calidus (95.0%) and Sporolactobacillus (91.8∼94.2%). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of the isolate to representatives of other genera were in the range of 87.2∼93.7%. The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown ninhydrin-positive phospholipid, three unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content of the DNA was 50.8 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented in this study, this organism represents a novel genus and species in the order Bacillales, for which the name Scopulibacillus darangshiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DLS-06^T (=DSM 19377^T =KCTC 13161^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kretzschmaria varians</Emphasis> sp. nov., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xylaria coremiifera</Emphasis> sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xylaria umbonata</Emphasis> sp. nov. from Costa Rica

Kretzschmaria varians, a species apparently related to K. micropus, is described as new. It is distinguished primarily by having asci with 2 to 8 ascospores with inconstant germination slit length and remains of synnemata on stromata and surrounding substrate. Xylaria coremiifera, described here as new, bears small fragile coremia on pulvinate stromata and the surrounding substrate. Asci often have fewer than 8 ascospores, most frequently 4. Xylaria umbonata, described here as new, produces perithecia around a central umbo that appears to be the remains of a synnema. Ascospores have long spiralling germination slits.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascidiaceibacter salegens</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an ascidian

An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated as strain HQA918^T, was isolated from an ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri, which was collected from the coast of Weihai in the north of the Yellow Sea, in China. The strain grew optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH values 7.0–8.0, and in the presence of 1.0–3.0% (w/v) sodium chloride (NaCl). A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HQA918^T can be affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes, with 92.7% similarity to its close relatives. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1ω7c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, and five unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.1 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, this organism should be classified as a representative of a novel genus, for which the name Ascidiaceibacter gen. nov. is proposed. The type species is Ascidiaceibacter salegens sp. nov. (type strain HQA918^T?=?KCTC 52719^T?=?MCCC 1K03259^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Abyssisolibacter fermentans</Emphasis> gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from deep sub-seafloor sediment

A Gram-staining-negative, thin rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium designated MCWD3^T was isolated from sediment of the deep sea in Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea. The ranges of temperature, pH and NaCl for growth of this strain were 15–40°C (optimum 29°C), 5.0–10.0 (optimum pH 6.5), and 1–5%, respectively. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (30%) and iso-C_15:0 dimethyl acetal (17%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unidentified aminophospholipids, phospholipids, and aminolipids. The fermentation product from yeast extract was acetate. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that the isolate was related to Sporosalibacterium faouarense (92.8% sequence identity), Clostridiisalibacter paucivorans (92.6%), and Brassicibacter mesophilus (92.4%). However, the isolate was differentiated from these genera by both physiological and chemotaxonomical properties. On the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic analysis, we propose that MCWD3^T represents a novel taxon with the name Abyssisolibacter fermentans gen. nov. sp. nov.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Henriciella marina</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyphomonadaceae</Emphasis> isolated from the East Sea

A bacterial strain, designated Iso4^T, was isolated from the East Sea of Korea and was subjected to a poly-phasic taxonomy study including phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, motile, non-budding, non-stalked, and strictly aerobic. Strain Iso4^T grew optimally at 20°C in the presence of 1∼2% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.9∼7.6. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1 ω7c (53.5%), C_17:1 ω5c (11.7%), C_17:1 ω6c (8.1%), C_16:0 (7.8%), C_17:0 (4.8%), C_15:0 (2.9%), and C_16:1 ω5c (2.2%). The DNA G+C content of strain Iso4^T was 56.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Iso4^T formed a monophyletic clade in the family Hyphomonadaceae, supported by high bootstrap value and was most closely related to the genus Hyphomonas (92∼94%), a member of marine bacteria in the family. The phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic evidences also suggest strain Iso4^T represents a novel genus and species in the family Hyphomonadaceae, for which the name Henriciella gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Iso4^T (=KCTC 12513^T =DSM 19595^T =JCM 15116^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salinarchaeum laminariae</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new member of the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halobacteriaceae</Emphasis> isolated from salted brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria</Emphasis>

Halophilic archaeal strains R26^T and R22 were isolated from the brown alga Laminaria produced at Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Cells from the two strains were pleomorphic rods and Gram negative, and colonies were red pigmented. Strains R26^T and R22 were able to grow at 20–50°C (optimum 37°C) in 1.4–5.1 M NaCl (optimum 3.1–4.3 M) at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 8.0–8.5) and neither strain required Mg²⁺ for growth. Cells lyse in distilled water and the minimum NaCl concentration required to prevent cell lysis was 8% (w/v) for strain R26^T and 12% (w/v) for strain R22. The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and minor phosphatidylglycerol sulfate; glycolipids were not detected. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and rpoB′ genes revealed that strains R26^T and R22 formed a distinct clade with the closest relative, Natronoarchaeum mannanilyticum. The DNA G+C content of strains R26^T and R22 was 65.8 and 66.4 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains R26^T and R22 was 89%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that the strains R26^T and R22 represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Salinarchaeum laminariae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R26^T (type strain R26^T = CGMCC 1.10590^T = JCM 17267^T, reference strain R22 = CGMCC 1.10589).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichomonascus petasosporus</Emphasis> sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sympodiomyces indianaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., two new members of the Saccharomycetales

Two new yeasts are described that were recognized as novel from nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of 26S rDNA. The new species and their type strains are the following: Trichomonascus petasosporus NRRL YB-2092T (CBS 9602T), mating type a, NRRL YB-2093 (CBS 9603), mating type alpha, and Sympodiomyces indianaensis NRRL YB-1950T (CBS 9600T). Phylogenetic analysis placed the two new taxa, which are sister species, in the Sympodiomyces clade near Blastobotrys/Stephanoascus farinosus. Placement of Trichomonascus in the Saccharomycetales resolves the earlier uncertainties surrounding the classification of this morphologically unusual genus.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces ginkgonis</Emphasis> sp. nov., an endophyte from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ginkgo biloba</Emphasis>

A novel endophytic actinomycete strain, designated KM-1-2^T, was isolated from seeds of Ginkgo biloba at Yangling, China. A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain KM-1-2^T and it was found to show a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces. The diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as LL-diaminopimelic acid. No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₈). The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G + C content of the novel strain was determined to be 72.9 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10.0?%) were identified as iso-C_14?:?0, iso-C_16?:?0, C_16?:?0 and C_17?:?0 cyclo. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain is closely related to Streptomyces carpaticus JCM 6915^T (99.3%), Streptomyces harbinensis DSM 42076^T (98.9%) and Streptomyces cheonanensis JCM 14549^T (98.5%). DNA-DNA hybridizations with these three close relatives gave similarity values of 39.1 ± 1.9, 35.8 ± 2.3, and 47.4 ± 2.7%, respectively, which indicated that strain KM-1-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. This is consistent with the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data. Cumulatively, these data suggest that strain KM-1-2^T represents a novel Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces ginkgonis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KM-1-2^T (= CCTCC AA2016004^T = KCTC 39801^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Antarcticimonas flava</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic coastal seawater

A marine bacterium, designated IMCC3175^T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected off the Antarctic coast. The strain was Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, carotenoid pigment-containing, and rod-shaped bacterium that divided by binary fission. As determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the most closely related genera were Formosa (92.9∼93.3%), Bizionia (91.6∼93.2%), Gaetbulibacter (91.5∼92.8%), Sediminibacter (92.7%), Yeosuana (92.6%), Subsaximicrobium (92.1∼92.2%), and Gillisia (89.5∼92.2%). Phylogenese analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade together with the genera Sediminibacter and Subsaximicrobium but represented an independent phyletic line in this clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 37.3 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH (12.8%), anteiso-C_15:0 (9.4%), and iso-C_16:1 (9.4%). Low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, formation of a distinct phylogenetic branch, and several phenotypic characteristics, including a narrow range of temperature and salinity for growth, differentiated strain IMCC3175^T from other related genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Therefore the name Antarcticimonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain IMCC3175^T (=KCCM 42713^T =NBRC 103398^T) as the type strain.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ogataea phyllophila</Emphasis> sp. nov., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida chumphonensis</Emphasis> sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida mattranensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., three methylotrophic yeast species from phylloplane in Thailand

Five strains (LN12, LN14^T, LN15^T, LN16 and LN17^T) representing three novel methylotrophic yeast species were isolated from the external surface of plant leaves by three-consecutive enrichments. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the phylogenetic analysis, the five strains were assigned to be one novel Ogataea species and two novel Candida species. Three strains (LN12, LN14^T and LN16) represent a single novel species of the genus Ogataea, for which the name Ogataea phyllophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LN14^T (= BCC 42666^T = NBRC 107780^T = CBS 12095^T). Strain LN15^T was assigned to be Candida chumphonensis sp. nov. (type strain LN15^T = BCC 42667^T = NBRC 107781^T = CBS 12096^T). Strain LN17^T represented another novel species of Candida that was named Candida mattranensis sp. nov. (type strain LN17^T = BCC 42668^T = NBRC 107782^T = CBS 12097^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dethiobacter alkaliphilus </Emphasis> gen. nov. sp. nov., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</Emphasis> gen. nov. sp. nov.: two novel representatives of reductive sulfur cycle from soda lakes

Anaerobic enrichments with H₂ as electron donor and thiosulfate/polysulfide as electron acceptor at pH 10 and 0.6 M total Na⁺ yielded two non sulfate-reducing representatives of reductive sulfur cycle from soda lake sediments. Strain AHT 1 was isolated with thiosulfate as the electron acceptor from north–eastern Mongolian soda lakes and strain AHT 2—with polysulfide as the electron acceptor from Wadi al Natrun lakes in Egypt. Both isolates represented new phylogenetic lineages: AHT 1—within Clostridiales and AHT 2—within the Deltaproteobacteria. Both bacteria are obligate anaerobes with respiratory metabolism. Both grew chemolithoautotrophically with H₂ as the electron donor and can use thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and polysulfide as the electron acceptors. AHT 2 also used nitrate as acceptor, reducing it to ammonia. During thiosulfate reduction, AHT 1 excreted sulfite. dsrAB gene was not found in either strain. Both strains were moderate salt-tolerant (grow up to 2 M total Na⁺) true alkaliphiles (grow between pH 8.5 and 10.3). On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strains AHT 1 and AHT 2 are proposed as new genera and species Dethiobacter alkaliphilus and Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Nucleotide sequence accession number: The GenBank/EMBL accession number of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains AHT 1T and AHT 2T are EF422412 and EF422413.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capitulocladosporium clinodiplosidis</Emphasis> gen. et sp. nov., a hyphomyceteous ustilaginomycete from midge

A hyphomyceteous fungus producing light-colored ramoconidia was isolated from midge (Clinodiplosis sp.) in southern China. In this study, this fungus was compared with 16 morphologically similar Cladosporium-like genera, but could not be assigned to any of them due to its distinct morphological characteristics, namely absence of sympodial conidiogenous cells and presence of swollen head-like conidiogenous regions. Moreover, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 5.8S rDNA, and 28S rDNA, as well as genes for the RNA polymerase II subunit and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, this fungus was identified as a member of the Ustilaginomycetes in Basidiomycota. Therefore, Capitulocladosporium clinodiplosidis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the new taxon, and its morphology is described and illustrated herein. The new genus is placed in Ustilaginomycetes but without further specification on order and family level (incertae sedis), since its teleomorph and lifestyle are currently unclear.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingorhabdus buctiana</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from fresh water,and reclassification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingopyxis contaminans</Emphasis> as <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingorhabdus contaminans</Emphasis> comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated T5^T, was isolated from the Chishui River in Maotai town, Guizhou Province, Southwest of China. Strain T5^T was found to grow optimally at pH 9.0 and 25 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain T5^T belongs to the family Sphingomonadaceae within the phylum Proteobacteria; the strain T5^T clustered with the type strains of Sphingopyxis contaminans, Sphingorhabdus wooponensis and Sphingorhabdus rigui, with which it exhibits 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.2–96.9%. The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major polyamine was homospermidine and the major fatty acids were C_18:1 ω7c (37.5%) and C_16:1 ω7c (30.1%). On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and genetic data, strain T5^T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingorhabdus, for which the name Sphingorhabdus buctiana sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T5^T (= CGMCC 1.12929^T = JCM 30114^T). It is also proposed that Sphingopyxis contaminans should be reclassified as a member of the genus Sphingorhabdus.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingomonas jejuensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from marine sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hymeniacidon flavia</Emphasis>

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod shaped, and orange-pigmented chemoheterotrophic bacterium, strain MS-31^T was isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon flavia, collected from near Jeju Island, Korea. The Strain MS-31^T was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated within the genus Sphingomonas. The strain MS-31^T showed 95.6% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the most closely related species Sphingomonas koreensis JSS26^T. The DNA G+C content of the strain MS-31^T was 69.4 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiqunone 10 and predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprising C_18:1 ω7c, C_18:1 Ω9t and/or C_18:1 ωl2t, 39.7%), C_16:0 (16.3%), C_14:0 2OH (15.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_15:0 iso 2OH, 11.7%). The polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidyletha-nolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified glycolipid. Based on the evidence from the polyphasic taxonomic study, the strain should be classified as a new species of the genus Sphingomonas. As a result, the name Sphingomonas jejuensis sp. nov. (type strain MS-31^T =KCTC 23321^T =NBRC 107775^T) is proposed.     

Two new lineages of aquatic ascomycetes: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atractospora</Emphasis> gen. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rubellisphaeria</Emphasis> gen. et sp. nov., and a sexual morph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myrmecridium montsegurinum</Emphasis> sp. nov.

Two new genera, Atractospora and Rubellisphaeria, are described for perithecial ascomycetes occurring on decaying wood submerged in freshwater habitats. Their relationships with other morphologically similar fungi were investigated utilising four nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci. They are nested together with members of five orders and families and numerous genera incertae sedis in the Sordariomycetidae in a clade supported by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Their closest relative is Lentomitella. Atractospora includes species characterised by dark, immersed to semi-immersed beaked ascomata lying horizontally to the host, stipitate asci with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus and hyaline, fusiform, septate, thick-walled ascospores with smooth or ornamented wall. Three novel species are introduced (A. decumbens, A. reticulata and A. verruculosa). A new combination for Aquaticola ellipsoidea is proposed in Atractospora based on molecular data and morphological characters. Rubellisphaeria, with a new species R. abscondita, is distinct by subhyaline to reddish brown, immersed ascomata with a lateral neck, short-stipitate asci and ellipsoidal smooth ascospores with a delayed formation of a middle septum. The sexual morph of the dematiaceous hyphomycete genus Myrmecridium was encountered for the first time on decaying wood submerged in a stream. It is nested in a strongly supported monophyletic clade of the Myrmecridiales. The novel species M. montsegurinum is described; it possesses papillate ascomata immersed beneath a clypeus with subhyaline to weakly pigmented ascomatal wall, long-stipitate asci with a non-amyloid apical annulus and three-septate, hyaline, ellipsoidal, delicately verruculose ascospores. A morphology-based key is provided to facilitate identification of species of Atractospora.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salinicola socius</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a naphthalene-utilizing microbial association

A chemoorganotrophic, moderately halophilic bacterium (strain SMB35) has been isolated from a naphthalene-utilizing microbial community obtained from salt mines (Perm region of Russia). Strain SMB35 grows in a wide salinity range, 0.5 to 30% (wt/vol) NaCl. Cells are gram-negative rods motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The predominant fatty acids are 16:1ω7, 16:0, 18:1ω7, and 19 cy. The major lipoquinone is an unsaturated ubiquinone with nine isoprene units (Q₉). The DNA G+C content is 63.0 mol %. The 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis has shown that strain SMB35 formed a separate clade in the cluster of the family Halomonadaceae. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity of the isolate to the members of the family is in the range from 90.6 to 95.1%. The phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from Halomonas elongata (the type species of the genus) and from other members of the family suggest that the isolate represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Salinicola socius gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SMB35^T(=VKM B-2397^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidovorax monticola</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil

A novel strain K-4-16^T was isolated from forest soil of Namsan Mountain, Seoul, South Korea, and was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Strain K-4-16^T was observed to be a Gram-staining negative, grayish white-coloured, motile with peritrichous flagella, and rod shaped bacterium. It was able to grow at 15–45 °C, at pH 4.5–10.5, and at 0–4% (w/v) NaCl concentration. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain K-4-16^T belongs to the genus Acidovorax and is closely related to Acidovorax anthurii CFBP 3232^T (98.3% sequence identity), Acidovorax konjaci K2^T (97.9% sequence identity), Acidovorax valerianellae CFBP 4730^T (97.8% sequence identity), and Acidovorax caeni R-24608^T (97.8% sequence identity). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant fatty acids of strain K-4-16^T were summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c), C_16:0, and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 64.7 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain K-4-16^T and its reference strains were below the threshold value of 70%. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its close phylogenetic neighbors. Thus, strain K-4-16^T represents a novel species of the genus Acidovorax, for which the name Acidovorax monticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K-4-16^T (=?KEMB 9005-570^T?=?KACC 19171^T?=?NBRC 113141^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynebacterium defluvii</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from Sewage

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49^T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. It grew at 20–40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0–1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. The peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose, and glucose. The fatty acids were C_9:0, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω9c, C_17:1 ω9c, C_18:3 ω6c (6,9,12), C_18:1 ω9c, and C_18:0. The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49^T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549^T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147^T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010^T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032^T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3–95.4%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49^T and C. efficiens DSM 44549^T, C. callunae DSM 20147^T, C. deserti GIMN1.010^T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032^T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49^T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y49^T (= KCTC 39731^T =CGMCC 1.15506^T).