抗菌肽的抗生物膜机理研究进展

生物膜,也称为生物被膜,是指附着于有生命或无生命物体表面被细菌胞外大分子包裹的有组织的细菌群体。与浮游菌相比,生物膜内的细菌对抗生素的耐受性提高了10–1000倍,是造成目前细菌耐药的主要原因之一。作为一种新型抗菌制剂,抗菌肽的使用为生物膜感染的治疗提供了一种新的思路和手段。抗菌肽在抑制生物膜形成、杀灭生物膜内细菌以及消除成熟生物膜的过程中发挥了独特的优势。文中分析了近30年的数据,从细菌生物膜的结构入手,对抗菌肽可能的抗生物膜机理进行了综述,以期为抗菌肽临床治疗生物膜感染提供一定参考。     

细菌生物膜的结构及形成机制研究进展

细菌生物膜是细菌在特定条件下形成的一种特殊细菌群体结构,菌体被包裹在其自身分泌的多聚物中。近年来,有关生物膜组成结构、形成机制、抗逆性机制及其应用防治等诸方面的研究工作进展迅速,本文主要针对细菌生物膜的结构及形成机制方面的研究进展进行了介绍。     

细菌生物膜与耐药性相关性研究进展

细菌生物膜是一种包裹于细胞外多聚物基质中不可逆的黏附于非生物或生物表面的微生物细胞菌落.生物膜状态下的细菌相对其浮游状态具有显著增强的耐药性,对人及动物细菌性感染具有重要研究价值.然而尽管动物细菌耐药性被广泛报道,却很少涉及细菌生物膜与其之间的相关性,本文综述了细菌生物膜的耐药机制并探讨了细菌生物膜与动物源性细菌耐药性的关系,可作为研究细菌耐药性及控制动物产品安全的参考.     

光合细菌生物膜的研究进展

光合细菌生物产氢技术能够将有机废水处理和氢气制备有效结合起来。光合细菌的产氢能力在形成生物膜后变强, 这有利于实现光合细菌的工业化应用。介绍了光合细菌生物膜的形成过程和对光合细菌生物膜形成的模拟研究, 综述了光照、流速、载体等对光合细菌生物膜的形成和产氢性能的影响。借鉴免疫学对生物膜的研究方法和技术, 并深入对光合细菌生物膜形成机理的全面认识, 提高光合细菌生物膜的性能, 是光合细菌生物膜研究的重要方向。     

细菌生物膜研究技术

细菌生物膜是细菌生长过程中为适应生存环境而在固体表面上生长的一种与游走态细胞相对应的存在形式。只要条件允许,绝大多数细菌都可以形成生物膜。一旦形成了生物膜细菌就具有极强的耐药性,在医疗、食品、工业、军事等诸多领域给人类社会带来了严重的危害,造成巨大的经济损失。因此,细菌生物膜已成为全球关注的重大难题,也是目前科学界研究的前沿和热点。本文结合细菌生物膜研究技术的最新进展,重点介绍了几种常用生物膜发生装置及检测量化技术,并对其原理及优缺点进行了讨论。     

甲壳动物抗微生物肽研究进展

甲壳动物养殖在全世界水产养殖业中占有极其重要的地位,但由细菌、病毒等引起的病害往往造成严重的经济损失。甲壳动物的病害防治,至今仍是水产界面临的难题之一。       

噬菌体酶类降解细菌生物膜的研究进展

细菌生物膜(bacterial biofilm,BF)是细菌产生耐药性的重要原因之一,给抗生素治疗细菌感染带来极大困难.生物膜主要由细菌菌体和胞外聚合物质(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)构成,其中EPS成分复杂,主要包括多糖(polysaccharides)、蛋白质、核酸和...     

肽疫苗的研究进展

肽疫苗可分为3大类,即抗病毒相关肽疫苗、抗肿瘤相关肽疫苗、抗细菌及寄生虫感染的肽疫苗。肽疫苗具有安全、廉价、特异性强、易于保存和应用等特点。本主要介绍有关肽疫苗的设计、提高免疫原性及体内的稳定性、复合肽疫苗、临床评价等方面的研究和应用进展。     

细菌生物膜形成与慢性难愈性创面相关性的研究进展

感染是影响慢性难愈性创面愈合最常见的原因,由于多种细菌混合感染、耐药性产生、生物膜的形成使其治疗成为难题.其中,细菌生物膜形成是导致创面的难以愈合的重要因素之一.本文就慢性难愈合创面中细菌生物膜的形成机制、特征、生态学、对伤口愈合的影响以及可能的治疗对策等作一综述.     

真菌生物膜研究进展

近年来,由于免疫抑制剂、糖皮质类固醇激素、抗生素的广泛应用;各种体内装置,如静脉插管、人工心脏瓣膜、关节置换术等应用的明显增加,真菌感染病例明显增多;耐药菌株感染导致的治疗失败与日俱增。目前人们已经发现,在难治性真菌感染的病灶中大多存在着生物膜的感染源。生物膜的主要特点是可明显降低真菌对抗真菌药物的敏感性,甚至产生耐药。生物膜的特性决定了生物膜一旦形成再杀灭这种细胞极为困难,也正是生物膜的存在,使抗生素的疗效大打折扣。真菌生物膜逐渐成为研究者关注的课题。     

Anti-biofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against different microorganisms

Biofilms confer protection from adverse environmental conditions and can be reservoirs for pathogenic organisms and sources of disease outbreaks, especially in medical devices. The goal of this research was to evaluate the anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against several microorganisms of clinical interest. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was tested within biofilms generated under static conditions and also under high fluid shears conditions using a bioreactor. A 4-log reduction in the number of colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recorded under turbulent fluid conditions in the CDC reactor on exposure to 100?mg?ml^?1 of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs on various microbial strains grown on polycarbonate membranes is reported. In conclusion, AgNPs effectively prevent the formation of biofilms and kill bacteria in established biofilms, which suggests that AgNPs could be used for prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections. Further research and development are necessary to translate this technology into therapeutic and preventive strategies.     

抗肿瘤小分子多肽的研究进展

抗肿瘤小分子多肽具有分子量小、低毒性、高活性、易于穿透肿瘤细胞等特点,一些抗肿瘤小分子多肽已进入临床研究,成为肿瘤药物研发的新热点。本文从抗肿瘤小分子多肽的不同来源途径、结构改造及生物活性等方面,对其近年来的研究进展作简要概述。     

抗肿瘤多肽的研究新进展

抗肿瘤多肽具有分子质量小、特异性高、免疫原性低、生物利用度高等优点,且易于合成和改造,其在肿瘤治疗领域的应用研究近 年来受到广泛关注。目前,已有多种抗肿瘤多肽及其衍生物上市或进入临床研究,对于肿瘤的临床治疗具有重要价值。综述抗肿瘤多肽在 诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤新生血管生成、抑制肿瘤细胞生长和转移以及用作疫苗和药物载体等方面的研究新进展。     

抗菌肽的基因工程研究进展

近年来细菌耐药性问题日趋严峻,寻找新型抗生素已迫在眉睫。抗菌肽是生物体产生的一种阳离子短肽,具有天然的抗菌活性。由于抗菌肽具有与传统抗生素不同的作用机制,不产生耐药性,因而具有重要的临床应用价值。但实践表明,抗菌肽的开发并非易事。针对近年来抗菌肽开发的基因工程策略和实践,尤其是大肠杆菌表达系统和酵母表达系统,进行了简要综述。     

Anti-biofilm potential of phenolic acids: the influence of environmental pH and intrinsic physico-chemical properties

Phenolic acids are a particular group of small phenolic compounds which have exhibited some anti-biofilm activity, although the link between their activity and their intrinsic pH is not clear. Therefore, the present work examined the anti-biofilm activity (inhibition of biomass and metabolic activity) of phenolic acids in relation to the environmental pH, as well as other physico-chemical properties. The results indicate that, while Escherichia coli was not inhibited by the phenolic acids, both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were susceptible to the action of all phenolic acids, with the pH playing a relevant role in the activity: a neutral pH favored MRSE inhibition, while acidic conditions favored MRSA inhibition. Some links between molecular polarity and size were associated only with their potential as metabolic inhibitors, with the overall interactions hinting at a membrane-based mechanism for MRSA and a cytoplasmic effect for MRSE.     

羟喜树碱结合肽的研究

酯化脱水法制备生物素化羟喜树碱,使用Resourse 15反相柱纯化,液质联用分析确证。磺酰罗丹明B染色法鉴定生物素化羟喜树碱的抗癌活性。采用噬菌体展示技术筛选得到14条羟喜树碱结合肽。构建并优化了羟喜树碱结构模型。构建并通过分子动力学优化了羟喜树碱结合肽结构模型。使用分子对接验证并分析了羟喜树碱结合肽与羟喜树碱的结合作用。     

New trends in peptide-based anti-biofilm strategies: a review of recent achievements and bioinformatic approaches

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a broad spectrum of activity and unspecific mechanisms of action. Therefore, they are seen as valid alternatives to overcome clinically relevant biofilms and reduce the chance of acquired resistance. This paper reviews AMPs and anti-biofilm AMP-based strategies and discusses ongoing and future work. Recent studies report successful AMP-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, several databases catalogue AMP information and analysis tools, and novel bioinformatics tools are supporting AMP discovery and design. However, most AMP studies are performed with planktonic cultures, and most studies on sessile cells test AMPs on growing rather than mature biofilms. Promising preliminary synergistic studies have to be consubstantiated and the study of functionalized coatings with AMPs must be further explored. Standardized operating protocols, to enforce the repeatability and reproducibility of AMP anti-biofilm tests, and automated means of screening and processing the ever-expanding literature are still missing.     

Antimicrobial Peptides and their Potential as Oral Therapeutic Agents

Dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal diseases are the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases of mankind, together affecting almost the entire population of the world. Both diseases are caused by oral bacteria that exist as components of a polymicrobial biofilm, known as dental plaque, on the tooth surface. The control of specific types of bacteria and/or total numbers of bacteria in dental plaque could lead to prevention or resolution of disease. Antimicrobial peptides isolated from a wide range of natural sources have been known for over 30 years yet little progress had been made in the therapeutic application of these peptides. This is due in part to the characteristics, including susceptibility to proteolysis, of the cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptides that form the majority of peptides discovered to date. Bovine milk is a readily available source of a range of bioactive peptides. We have isolated and characterized a novel anionic antimicrobial peptide, Kappacin, from bovine milk. Antibacterial activity of the peptide is increased when it is complexed with zinc ions. We have demonstrated that a Kappacin:Zn²⁺ preparation is able to suppress the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria in a biofilm. The Kappacin:Zn²⁺ antibacterial complex may have potential as an additive to oral care products and other delivery vehicles for the control of oral disease.     

信号肽在大肠杆菌分泌系统中的研究与应用进展

大肠杆菌以其明显的优势成为表达重组蛋白常用的系统,但是大肠杆菌本身不具备细胞内形成二硫键的氧化条件和分子机制,而且高水平表达时常容易聚集形成包涵体,限制了其使用,改善这一缺点的重要方法是通过信号肽实现蛋白质的分泌表达.信号肽一般存在于分泌蛋白的氨基端,能够引导蛋白质通过大肠杆菌中的Sec或/和Tat系统分泌至周质空间....