Kinetocardiogram recording from a freely moving person]

Radiokinetocardiogram (RKCG) recorded with the aid of telemetric system and electromagnetic kinetotransducer was sufficiently differentiated and was of the shape identical to the directly recorded kinetogram. A possibility of reliable recording of the RKCG in a freely moving man (during a micropause in the process of movement) was demonstrated under laboratory and natural working conditions.     

Production of Time Intervals by Aged Subjects

Characteristics of time perception by aged subjects of both sexes aged 60–91 years were studied. They assessed time intervals of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 s. It was found that the 1-s interval is significantly overestimated, while the other intervals are underestimated. The maximum error in time measurement was found in women. The subjective time scale in aged subjects is more narrow than the physical scale, and the value of the psychophysical measurement function is significantly smaller than unity (p 0.05).     

Interrelations between vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system.

The interrelationships between vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system are reviewed. Vasopressin can inhibit the release of renin by the kidney. This effect can occur at physiological plasma concentrations of vasopressin. Centrally administered angiotensin II can stimulate the release of vasopressin, a response that may be partially mediated by brain prostaglandins. The significance of this action of angiotensin II depends on whether there is an effective brain renin-angiotensin system and on whether peripherally generated or administered angiotensin can reach sites in the brain where it can act on vasopressin release. Peripherally administered angiotensin II can under certain, but not all, conditions stimulate vasopressin release. Peripheral angiotensin II can also potentiate the vasopressin response to an osmotic stimulus and to dehydration, but has little effect the release of vasopressin and renin, there is a failure to demonstrate any correlation between the two. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system fails to modify the vasopressin response to a reduction in blood volume. In conclusion, the physiological significance of the interactions between the vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system is not as yet clearly established.     

Interrelations between Environmental Factors and Freezing Resistance of Cabbage Leaves

Rapid wilting of cabbage leaves (Brassica capitata L.), induced by excision of the shoot, induced as rapid and high a degree of freezing resistance as a similar period of hardening at low temperature. Maximum hardening in the leaf was generally associated with the maximum growth rate. On the other hand, exposure of the excised shoot to low temperature while immersed in aerated water failed to harden the plants. In the absence of light, abrupt wilting at room or low temperature induced little or no hardening. With the available equipment, which required the absence of light, freezing temperatures induced little or no hardening above that obtained by nonfreezing low temperature. In fact, the plant frozen at moderate temperatures showed a gradual but steady decrease in freezing resistance. Since these experiments were performed with plants grown in pots, and since they eventually became pot-bound, the results may not apply equally to field-grown plants.     

Interrelations between pulmonary liquid volumes and lung compliance.

We have investigated the relative effects of lung edema and of increases in pulmonary blood volume (PBV) on lung compliance (CL), and also the effects of selective elevations of pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and left atrial (Pla) pressures on PBV and on CL, using an isolated, perfused, and ventilated rabbit lung preparation. Lung weight was continuously recorded. A step rise in Pla at constant flow caused a rapid rise in PBV accompanied by an immediate fall in CL. With maintained high vascular pressures interstitial edema accumulated with no further fall in CL. Not until 3 times the normal amount of extra-vascular fluid had accumulated did a further, secondary reduction in CL occur. When Ppa was elevated to the same level by 1) a rise in flow and 2) a rise in Pla, the latter type of experiment gave 3-5 times larger increases in PBV. Pla elevations with or without rise in Ppa (flow adjusted) gave almost the same rises in PBV. The fall in CL was related to rises in PBV regardless of how such rises were obtained. Our conclusion is that increases in PBV, but not accumulation of interstitial edema, reduced CL in this preparation.     

Interrelations between ceruloplasmin and Fe status during human pregnancy

It is well established that Fe and ceruloplasmin interact in animals and in in vitro models. However, Fe-mediated regulation of ceruloplasmin has never been investigated in humans. In an observational study, 53 pregnant women aged 19–39 yr (29.8±0.7 yr, mean ± SEM) were recruited at the Aberdeen Antenatal Clinic, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, UK. All requirements for local ethical committees were followed. Venous blood samples were taken from each woman at 34 wk gestation for measurement of Fe status and ceruloplasmin. Various parameters were used to test for Fe status. The most sensitive one appeared to be soluble transferrin receptor, which increased with parity. In the population studied, there was no relationship between hemoglobin or ferritin and serum ceruloplasmin. However, using soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels, we were able to demonstrate an inverse linear relationship (r=0.37, p=0.021, n=41) between Fe status and ceruloplasmin. Fe supplementation, number of previous pregnancies, and smoking habits did not affect this relationship. Our data support in vitro results showing regulation of ceruloplasmin by Fe and also suggest that the interactions between Fe and ceruloplasmin should be considered when Fe supplementation is given.     

Symmetric Intervals and Confidence Intervals

We show that the symmetric “confidence intervals” of WESTLAKE (1972, 1976), widely used and referred to in bioequivalence studies, are not confidence intervals in any accepted sense. Nevertheless, meaningful symmetric intervals can be constructed in the context of Bayesian or fiducial inference.     

Interrelations between Klebsiella ozaenae and other members of a microbial association in a pathological ozenous focus

The study of relationships between individual representatives of the microeubiosis at a pathological ozenous focus has shown that Gram-positive microorganisms and opportunistic enterobacteria are not antagonistic to K. ozaenae which, in their turn, do not affect the growth of opportunistic enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overwhelming majority of P. aeruginosa strains (92.9%) grown on a solid culture medium are characterized by a varying antagonistic activity with respect to K. ozaenae; this activity does not manifest if these organisms have been grown together in a liquid medium. P. aeruginosa culture fluid diluted 1:10 and 1:20 has not inhibited the multiplication of K. ozaenae. The data indicate the possibility of a prolonged coexistence of K. ozaenae with Proteus and P. aeruginosa, which is confirmed by many cases of simultaneous isolation of associations of these microbes from ozena patients. Thus the possibility appears of a combined pathogenic action of these bacteria on human body.     

Interrelations between EEG Parameters and Personality Characteristics in Parkinsonian Patients

We studied a number of EEG parameters and indices of personality characteristics (evaluated with the use of the MMPI questionnaire) in sixty 44- to 73-year-old patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). According to the intensity of the symptoms, they were classified into groups 1 and 2, with an initial or moderate level of disease manifestation. In group-2 patients, the powers of the - and -range rhythms were greater, as compared with those in group 1. This was combined with higher indices in scales 2 (depression, D), 8 (individualism, Sc), and 0 (introversion/extraversion, Si). A clear correlations between the EEG parameters and indices of personality structure were found. There were positive correlations between the normalized power of ₂-rhythm and values of a few MMPI scales: 1 (supercontrol, Hs), 2 (depression, D), 4 (impulsivity, Pd), 7 (anxiety, Pt), 8 (individualism, Sc), and 0 (introversion/extraversion, Si). We also found negative correlations between the frequency of -rhythm and indices of supercontrol and anxiety scales. Correlations between different EEG parameters and MMPI scale indices depended on the level of disease manifestation. Our results allow us to assume a certain generality of the neurophysiological mechanisms determining modifications of the integral electrical activity of the brain and formation of individual psychological characteristics in parkinsonian patients.     

Interrelations between globus pallidus and hippocampal epilepsy in the cat

Electrically induced afterdischarge (ADs) were evoked in the cats' dorsal hippocampus. The action of the conditioning prestimulation of the pallidus nucleus on AD duration was studied. A significant facilitatory influence was observed when pallidal conditioning stimulation immediately preceded hippocampal test stimulation. The time course of the phenomenon showed a decrease of the conditioning action when the interval between the two stimulations increased : complete disappearance of the effect occurred after about 800 ms. Results are discussed as far as functional relationships between basal ganglia and rhinencephalic system are concerned.     

Interrelations between the vertical distribution of Daphnia and chlorophyll a in two large limnetic enclosures

This paper summarises the major factors influencing the daytimevertical distribution of Daphnia hyalina var. laciutris (Sars)in two large experimental enclosures (Lund Tubes). In both tubes,the depth at which the Daphnia aggregated during the day wasclosely related to sub-surface ir-radiance. On a few occasionsaggregations of Daphnia were found in ‘dark’ waterassociated with a deep chlorophyll maximum. On many occasions,however, the animals' light response per se ensured their aggregationat depths of maximum phytoplankton abundance. The most importantfactor influencing the dispersion of animals in the water columnwas the steepness of the light gradient. In turbid water verticalaggregations were well defined, whereas in clear water the animalswere widely dispersed around their depth of maximum abundance.Daphnia also tended to disperse in the water column when theirpopulation density was high or when food was scarce. A simplemodel based on surface irradiance, water turbidity and populationdensity explained the basic pattern of vertical distributionthroughout the season. The implications of these findings arediscussed in relation to the effects of zooplankton grazingand speculations on the adaptive significance of depth regulation.