我国外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌菌种分布及体外药敏研究现状

目的回顾性分析我国外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布及体外药敏研究情况。方法检索分析万方、中国知网、维普、Pubmed等数据库15年来中国外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布和体外药敏相关文献资料。结果共计检索筛选60篇文献,从现有数据来看,不同地区妇科患者中VVC的患病率为10%~40%,平均为20.3%;各地研究显示外阴阴道念珠菌病的主要病原体是白念珠菌,约占70%~90%,非白念珠菌以光滑念珠菌为主;非白念珠菌在复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原体中所占比例更大。大多数研究显示氟康唑、制霉菌素、两性霉素B体外抗真菌活性较高,外阴阴道念珠菌病分离的念珠菌对氟康唑敏感率在70%~98%左右,对制霉菌素、两性霉素B的敏感率超过95%;过半的研究显示外阴阴道念珠菌病分离的念珠菌对伊曲康唑敏感性高;对5-FC、酮康唑的药敏结果各地差异较大。结论对VVC患者进行病原学鉴定和体外药敏检查十分重要,尤其是难治性VVC、复发性VVC患者,若发现病原菌为非白念珠菌,应根据体外药敏结果适当调整方案,可以选用非氟康唑类药物如AmB外用制剂、硼酸胶囊等;而对于大多数由白念珠菌引起的VVC,应用传统药物如氟康唑、制霉菌素、伊曲康唑等仍是较好的选择,酮康唑、5-FC等药物不建议作为常规选择。     

外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原学研究进展

念珠菌感染为阴道感染的第二大原因,仅次于细菌性阴道炎。估计75％的育龄妇女至少患有一次念珠菌性阴道炎,40％－50％患者有再次发作的经历,而5％的妇女有反复发作的外阴阴道念珠菌病,严重影响着育龄妇女的身心健康。本文主要综述了近几年来国内外有关外阴阴道念珠菌病和复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病病原学方面的研究进展。     

外阴阴道念珠菌病的发病因素分析及护理对策

目的探究外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病因素及护理对策。方法对1800例就诊患者进行阴道分泌物涂片检查,并对VVC阳性者行详细的问卷调查。结果1800例患者中有180例外阴阴道念珠菌病的患者。结论外阴阴道念珠菌病的发病与月经时间、是否使用抗生素、外阴阴道冲洗情况、年龄、是否患糖尿病等因素有关,通过正确的护理是可以预防的。     

67例阴道念珠菌病临床分析及药敏试验

为了解女性性病高危人群中阴道念珠菌病的发病情况和菌群特征,笔者对性病门诊中67例阴道念珠菌病进行性病检查和化验,并对分离到的念珠菌进行菌种鉴定和体外药敏试验,现报告如下。     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏试验分析

目的 了解STD门诊复发性外阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)和外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的致病菌种分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感状况,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 用沙氏琼脂培养基分离纯化菌株,然后用ATB ID 32C酵母菌鉴定系统和ATB Fungus3药敏系统进行菌种鉴定与药物敏感试验.结果 280份标本中检出白色念珠菌201株,占71.79％;非白色念珠菌79株,占28.21％,其中光滑念珠菌42株,占15％.VVC组与RVVC组抗真菌药物比较,VVC组对氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 STD门诊患者阴道念珠菌病检出菌种仍以白色念珠菌为主,但RVVC组非白色念珠菌比例高于VVC组.非白色念珠菌中光滑念珠菌占比例最高.VVC组氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组.     

Nrf2信号通路在复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病发病机制中的作用CSCD

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病是一种由念珠菌机会感染引起的皮肤黏膜疾病,其发病机制复杂,而念珠菌的侵袭与宿主诱发因素是复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的主要致病因素。其中,念珠菌可通过多种方式攻击宿主细胞和逃避宿主免疫系统而导致机体损伤。Nrf2信号通路是细胞抗氧化的主要调控机构,同时也是一种重要的免疫调节机构。一方面,Nrf2通路可下调NF-κB通路和促进Th17、Treg、Th1细胞的活化,启动宿主适应性免疫;同时,Nrf2通路可激活树突状细胞介导机体固有免疫。另一方面,Nrf2通路还可通过抗氧化应激损伤来阻止阴道炎的发展。该文对Nrf2通路在复发性念珠菌性阴道炎发病机制中的抗氧化应激和免疫调节作用进行综述,旨在研究Nrf2信号通路与复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病发病机制间的关系,从而指导临床治疗复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病。     

黏膜念珠菌病治疗指南

黏膜念珠菌病主要包括口咽念珠菌病、外阴阴道念珠菌病和念珠菌性包皮龟头炎。上述3种病症各自有不同的易感因素、临床表现及治疗预防特点。1口咽念珠菌病1.1易感因素与临床表现口咽念珠菌病是主要由白念珠菌感染引起的     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏分析

目的:探究复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布及耐药情况,指导临床治疗。方法:收集210例念珠菌性外阴阴道炎患者阴道分泌物标本,其中复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)组76例,外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)组134例。运用科玛嘉显色培养基法进行菌种鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果:在210例病例中,RVVC组中白色念珠菌54株(71.05%),光滑念珠菌15株(19.74%),热带念珠菌4株(5.26%),克柔念珠菌2株(2.63%),近平滑念珠菌1株(1.32%)。非白色念珠菌中以光滑念珠菌为主,在RVVC组中的比例明显高于VVC组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。药敏试验显示,RVVC的念珠菌株中仅8株对7种药物全部敏感,23株敏感药物<5种,其中1株仅对制霉菌素敏感;对药物的敏感率为制霉菌素(97.37%)>克霉唑(60.52%)>酮康唑(51.32%)>伊曲康唑(36.84%)>咪康唑(35.53%)>氟康唑(23.68%)>特比奈芬(10.53%)。结论:白色念珠菌仍是RVVC的主要致病菌,非白色念珠菌比例在RVVC组中显著高于VVC组,其中以光滑念珠菌为主。念珠菌对制霉菌素敏感率最高,对唑类药物耐药性有增加趋势。     

外阴阴道念珠菌病的发生机制及免疫研究进展CSCD

外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)是一种广泛发生的阴道感染性疾病,致病菌以白念珠菌为主。本文主要对白念珠菌的致病机制、宿主对白念珠菌的免疫应答以及VVC免疫治疗的最新进展进行综述。     

Nrf2信号通路在复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病发病机制中的作用

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病是一种由念珠菌机会感染引起的皮肤黏膜疾病,其发病机制复杂,而念珠菌的侵袭与宿主诱发因素是复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的主要致病因素。其中,念珠菌可通过多种方式攻击宿主细胞和逃避宿主免疫系统而导致机体损伤。Nrf2信号通路是细胞抗氧化的主要调控机构,同时也是一种重要的免疫调节机构。一方面,Nrf2通路可下调NF-κB通路和促进Th17、Treg、Th1细胞的活化,启动宿主适应性免疫;同时,Nrf2通路可激活树突状细胞介导机体固有免疫。另一方面,Nrf2通路还可通过抗氧化应激损伤来阻止阴道炎的发展。该文对Nrf2通路在复发性念珠菌性阴道炎发病机制中的抗氧化应激和免疫调节作用进行综述,旨在研究Nrf2信号通路与复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病发病机制间的关系,从而指导临床治疗复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism