RT-PCR法同时测定APP与tau mRNA的含量(英文)

β—淀粉样蛋白前体(APP)与tau蛋白是两种与Alzheimer病的病理改变相关的蛋白质,近来也发现它们或其修饰产物在包含体肌炎及慢性氯喹中毒的肌细胞中沉积。为更好地研究这两种相关蛋白质在肌细胞中的表达,我们建立了用逆转录-多聚酶链反应同时定量这两种基因转录产物的方法。本法选用甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(G_3PD)作为内标,用激光图像分析测定扩增产物。结果显示,PCR在很宽的范围内呈指数扩增,两种靶mRNA与内标mRNA扩增效率相当,因而可以G_3PD来校正APP与tau的测定结果。初步实验显示氯喹中毒首先促进肌肉细胞中APP与tau蛋白的表达,在第4周达到高峰,然后表达逐渐减少,在第10周转为明显抑制作用。     

早老性痴呆的分子病理学

早老性痴呆的分子病理学宝福凯（昆明医学院免疫学教研室,昆明６５００３１）关键词早老性痴呆,β－淀粉样蛋白,ｔａｕ蛋白早老性痴呆又名Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ氏病（ＡＤ）。关于ＡＤ发病机理的研究,在过去几十年中进展不大,只是到近几年,研究水平从组织细胞深入到基...     

RT—PCR法检测大鼠脑组织及C6细胞中β—APP的表达

β-淀粉样蛋白(β-AP)是阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)病人老年斑的主要成分,它是β-淀粉样前体蛋白(β-APP)剪切后的产物。β-APP基因在体内存在β-APP_(695),β-APP_(751)β-APP_(770)。等几种主要的转录物,它们的区别在于Kunize丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制区(KDI)编码序列的存在和缺失。通过RT-PCR技术,用针对KPI编码区两侧序列的一种特异性引物可由总RNA样品中扩增出反映以上三种转录物的cDNA片段。实验表明,胎鼠脑组织中未检测到β-APPmRNA;6月龄大鼠海马组织,大脑皮层中只检测到β-APP_(695);在神经胶质瘤细胞系C6中存在β-APP_(695),β-APP_(751),β-APP_(770),其中β-APP_(770)占优势。     

β淀粉样蛋白与Alzheimer病

Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病是当今颇受人们关注的疾病,近年来对其发病的分子机制俐较为深入。目前的研究热点集中在β淀粉样蛋白ｔａｕ蛋白和ＡＤ的发病关系上。本文就β淀粉样蛋白的来淅,其前体蛋白的基因突变,代谢加工途径,神经毒性作用以及转基因动物诸方面与ＡＤ的发病关系作一综述。     

淀粉样前体蛋白和Alzheimer‘s病

淀粉样前体蛋白（ＡＰＰ）与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ＇ｓ病（ＡＤ）的发病机制关系密切,本文综述了近年来对ＡＰＰ的分子研究,包括ＡＰＰ的分子特性,生理功能和代谢过程,ＡＰＰ与β－淀粉样蛋白（β／Ａ４）的关系,ＡＰＰ异常代谢及其与ＡＤ的关联等。     

脑脊液β-淀粉样蛋白/磷酸化tau蛋白比值在鉴别诊断阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆中的价值

目的:探讨脑脊液Aβ1-42、t-tau蛋白及p-tau181蛋白以及Aβ1-42/t-tau和Aβ1-12/p-tau181比值鉴别诊断阿尔茨海默病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)的临床应用价值.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法检测AD患者、VD患者和正常对照组(NC)脑脊液中Aβ1-42、t-tau蛋白及P-tau181蛋白浓度的变化.结果:An组患者脑脊液Aβ1-42越浓度显著低于VD组和NC组,t-tan蛋白及p-tau181蛋白浓度显著高于VD组和NC组.当Aβ1-42/p-tau181比值分界值为11.3时,鉴别诊断AD与VD的敏感性和特异性分别为95%和94%.结论:脑脊液Aβ1-42、t-tau蛋白及p-tau181蛋白浓度的变化,尤其是Aβ1-42/p-tau181比值是很好的AD与VD鉴别诊断的生物学指标.     

人神经母细胞瘤株中β—淀粉样前体蛋白基因IL—1反应元件的研究

细胞因了ＩＬ－１β可以诱导ＳＨ－ＳＹ５Ｙ神经母细胞瘤细胞中ＡＰＰ基因的转录,为了研究ＡＰＰ基因启动子区的ＩＬ－１β反应元件,用含不同长度ＡＰＰ启动子片段的报告基因载体,瞬时转染ＳＨ－ＳＹ５细胞,发现ＡＰＰ启动子在ＳＨ－ＳＹ５Ｙ细胞中有较强活性,其中－４８８到３０３区为ＩＬ－１β诱导ＡＰＰ转录活性增加所必需,这个区域包括１个ＡＰ１结合位眯和１个ＨＳＥ元件。     

脑梗死后海马神经元β—APP及其产物与ApoE的表达

目的：应用常规HE染色和免疫组织化学染色方法,观察人脑梗死后海马CA1区和CA3区神经元中β-APP、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42及ApoE的表达,探讨它们表达变化的时间规律,以期对临床治疗提供可靠的实验资料。方法：分脑缺血组和对照组,脑缺血组按缺血时间分为缺血2h-6h组、7h-24h组、25h-48h组、49h-72h组．73h-96h组、97h-144h组和145h-168h组。采用HE染色方法观察神经细胞损伤情况;免疫组织化学染色检测β-APP、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42与ApoE在尸检脑标本海马CA1区、CA3区神经元的表达,在显微镜下对免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞计数,实验结果应用SPSS12．0统计软件进行分析。结果：与对照组相比,Aβ1-40的表达在缺血2h后明显增加,73h-96h达高峰,以后有所回落,但仍高于对照组;β-APP在缺血2h-6h表达呈峰值,49h-96h呈现第二次高峰,96h以后下降,但仍高于对照组;于缺血24h后,β-APP和Aβ1-40的增加呈显著的正相关。缺血2h后．Aβ1-42表达开始增加,25h-48h达高峰;缺血6h后,ApoE表达开始增加,但97h-144h为高峰期。结论：人脑梗死后β-APP、Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42表达增加,它们可协同加重脑缺血性损伤;而ApoE脑保护作用可能增强。     

β-分泌酶抑制剂对tau过磷酸化大鼠β-CTF代谢的影响及机制研究

目的:在tau过磷酸化大鼠中,通过检测淀粉样前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein,APP)C末端片段的表达,研究抑制β-分泌酶(BACE1)对其代谢的影响及机制。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为四组,包括正常对照组、假手术组、OA组、OA+BACE1抑制剂组。Western blot法检测β-CTF、APP及BACE1表达;RT-PCR法检测APP及BACE1;水迷宫检测大鼠行为学。结果:OA组β-CTF表达显著增加(p0.05),而OA+BACE1抑制剂组与OA组相比,β-CTF表达减少(p0.05);四组大鼠的APP在蛋白及mRNA水平表达无显著差别(p0.05);OA组BACE1在蛋白及mRNA水平的表达增加,而OA+BACE1抑制剂组BACE1的蛋白表达较OA组减少(p0.05),两组大鼠mRNA表达水平无明显差异(p0.05)。OA+BACE1抑制剂组大鼠在给予BACE1抑制剂后行为学有所改善(p0.05)。结论:(1)tau过磷酸化通过促进神经元内BACE1表达,导致APP代谢途径发生转变,从而引起β-CTF表达增加;(2)β-CTF表达增加可引起tau过磷酸化大鼠行为学改变;(3)抑制BACE1可改善大鼠的学习及记忆能力,支持BACE1作为AD的治疗靶点。     

RT—PCR测定mRNA的荧光定量分析

利用反转录毛细管ＰＣＲ技术,可合成代表特异ｍＲＮＡ的双链ＤＮＡ。在一定循环数内,ＰＣＲ产物的量与其模板ｃＤＮＡ即反转录中相应ｍＲＮＡ的浓度有关。溴乙锭嵌入ＤＮＡ双螺旋后,其荧光量子产率大为增加,因此可通过利用处在适当ＰＣＲ循环数中的ｃＤＮＡ浓度与在优选的激发光谱发现射波长下其荧光强度的线性关系,计算出所检测的ｍＲＮＡ表达量。     

Validation of real-time RT-PCR assays for mRNA quantification in baboons

Real-time RT-PCR has been used widely, both in fundamental research and in clinical diagnostics, for instance for quantification of RNA levels in human tissues and tissue biopsies. In the present study we provide a strategy to validate primers/probes for real-time RT-PCR quantification of baboon samples. The method is based on the TaqMan system and uses primers/probes that have been designed and validated for human real-time RT-PCR. A prerequisite for the accuracy of this strategy is a similar amplification efficiency between human and baboon PCR reactions. We propose two different methods, i.e. by calculating PCR efficiencies from the slope of a dilution curve or by using the linear regression method, to compare the amplification efficiency between human and baboon samples. In conclusion, by performing a simple validation experiment, real-time PCR assays based on human sequences, which are easily available, can be applied for analysis of baboon samples.     

Influence of reagent formulation on mRNA quantification by RT-PCR using imported external standard curves

Use of an imported external standard curve is common in real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Two practical strategies for long-term experiments include importing a grand mean standard curve to all accumulated runs or using daily imported standard curves, fixing the slope at the beginning of the experiment and calibrating successive runs with curves generated from this imported slope, adding a single standard that registers the variation in the y-intercept. This study determines the influence that a change in reagent lots has on these two calibration approaches when determining mRNA copy numbers of the ornithine decarboxylase and porphobilinogen deaminase genes. Two sets of determinations were run with the use of lot A and lot B. A marked decrease in the crossing points (Cp) in the standards for both genes at all concentration levels was observed with the change in lots. A grand mean standard curve was generated for each gene and each set and comparisons between the sets were performed. Statistically significant differences were found with respect to the y-intercept but not the slope, suggesting that the change of reagent lot affected the detection sensitivity but not the efficiency of the reaction. The excellent correlation coefficients obtained for these curves for each gene were not achieved when overall data from both sets were combined to generate an overall grand mean standard curve. We conclude that when faced with a change of RT-PCR reagent lot that will affect the detection sensitivity of the method, samples should be calculated with either the daily imported standard curves or with the respective grand mean standard curve for each lot.     

Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR

A novel microRNA (miRNA) quantification method has been developed using stem-loop RT followed by TaqMan PCR analysis. Stem-loop RT primers are better than conventional ones in terms of RT efficiency and specificity. TaqMan miRNA assays are specific for mature miRNAs and discriminate among related miRNAs that differ by as little as one nucleotide. Furthermore, they are not affected by genomic DNA contamination. Precise quantification is achieved routinely with as little as 25 pg of total RNA for most miRNAs. In fact, the high sensitivity, specificity and precision of this method allows for direct analysis of a single cell without nucleic acid purification. Like standard TaqMan gene expression assays, TaqMan miRNA assays exhibit a dynamic range of seven orders of magnitude. Quantification of five miRNAs in seven mouse tissues showed variation from less than 10 to more than 30,000 copies per cell. This method enables fast, accurate and sensitive miRNA expression profiling and can identify and monitor potential biomarkers specific to tissues or diseases. Stem-loop RT-PCR can be used for the quantification of other small RNA molecules such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Furthermore, the concept of stem-loop RT primer design could be applied in small RNA cloning and multiplex assays for better specificity and efficiency.