丽斑麻蜥

丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)是我国长江以北最为常见的一种小型蜥蜴,俗名麻蛇子。根据我们多年的研究并参考有关资料,对它们的生物学和生态学特性作综合介绍以供参考。分类和分布丽斑麻蜥属蜥蜴目、蜥蜴科、麻蜥属。迄今为止,全世界已发现的麻蜥有50种左右,我国现知9种,其中以丽斑麻蜥最为常见。该种的模式标本采于山东烟台。近年有人将分布于我国的丽斑麻蜥分为二个亚种,即指名亚种(E.a.argus)和北方亚种(E.a.barbouri)。前者分布于江苏、安徽、山东、河南和河北南部;后者则分布在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海…     

两种麻蜥卵和孵出幼体的特征

研究了山地麻蜥和丽斑麻蜥实验条件下的卵及孵出幼体的特征.山地麻蜥产卵雌体的体长大于丽斑麻蜥,窝卵重小于丽斑麻蜥,但平均卵重和相对窝卵重与丽斑麻蜥相似.两种蜥蜴均通过增加卵长径和卵短径来增加卵重,但卵的外形不同,山地麻蜥卵较长.两种蜥蜴卵孵化过程中均吸水增重.相似孵化条件(波动温度、-12 kPa)下,山地麻蜥的孵化期明显比丽斑麻蜥长.山地麻蜥幼体的尾、头部大于丽斑麻蜥,但体重和SVL相似.     

中国八种麻蜥(蜥蜴科,麻蜥属)形态学研究

对8种麻蜥外部形态进行主成分分析,可分为4个种组:1)丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus与山地麻蜥Eremiasbrenchleyi;2)快步麻蜥Eremias velox与虫纹麻蜥Eremias vermiculata;3)密点麻蜥Eremias multiocellata、荒漠麻蜥Eremias przewalskii与敏麻蜥Eremias arguta;4)网纹麻蜥Eremias grammica.研究表明丽斑麻蜥前额鳞数不稳定;密点麻蜥莎车亚种Eremias multiocelfata yarkandensis可能为独立物种;荒漠麻蜥物种有效性值得怀疑.     

山地麻蜥外部形态某些性状的观察

山地麻蜥(ＥｒｅｍｉａｓｂｒｅｎｃｈｌｅｙｉＧｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ)是华北地区一种习见的蜥蜴类动物,以往曾被认为是丽斑麻蜥(Ｅ.ａｒｇｕｓＰｅｔｅｒ)的一个亚种[1]。有关山地麻蜥外部形态方面观察研究,在《安徽两栖爬行动物志》等资料上已有初步报道。但笔者在试验过程中发现其形态特征与以往[1,2,3]的记录有一定出入。为此,1996年遂对徐州南郊牛头山的山地麻蜥进行了全年性的更为详细的观察和统计。资料[1,2,4]报道山地麻蜥的鉴别特征为:体被粒鳞,眶下鳞扩大伸进上唇鳞间;股窝10-11个,尾长超过头体长的15倍。我们观察的结果是:1　体色　山…     

丽斑麻蜥的种群结构与自截断尾再生的初步观察

丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)是我国华北地区的普通蜥种。有关其种群结构的研究．已有姜雅风、郭砺分别对秋季和夏季的种群结构进行过报道。笔者于1984—1993年对丽斑麻蜥的断尾再生现象进行了观察,本文就其种群结构和自截断尾再生进行初步分析。     

兰州北山三种蜥蜴春季食性分析

兰州地区密点麻蜥、丽斑麻蜥和草原沙蜥的春季食物均为动物食物。无论在栖息地重叠地区还是非重叠地区,三种蜥蜴的食物种类在种间均无显著差异（Ｆ＝０．８６１,ｄｆＴ＝２,ｄｆＥ＝３６,Ｐ〉０．０５）。种内不同性别和年龄食性无显著差异。     

三个种群有尾和断尾丽斑麻蜥的选择体温、表面活动和摄食量

用2006年4-6月捕自长安(陕西)、共和(青海)、哈尔滨(黑龙江)三个地理隔离种群尾部完整的丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)成年雄体检测断尾对选择体温、表面活动(表面调温个体数)和摄食量的影响。各种群个体均分为实验和对照组,在距尾基部10 mm处切除实验组蜥蜴尾部,获得断尾个体。实验和对照组个体饲养在相同的实验室条件下收集相关数据,历时四周。表面活动的种群间差异是不同种群个体对其所处区域热环境长期适应的结果。断尾个体减少表面活动见于所有三个种群,表明尾自切能导致丽斑麻蜥活动水平的改变。同一种群断尾和有尾个体表面活动的时间格局无显著差异,不同种群表面活动的时间格局无显著差异,这些结果表明丽斑麻蜥白天活动节律具有种的特异性,不受断尾影响。丽斑麻蜥选择体温随纬度或海拔升高而降低,这种变化趋势可能是热环境制约的结果。所有三个种群断尾个体的选择体温均低于有尾个体,表明断尾可改变丽斑麻蜥的体温调定点。丽斑麻蜥摄食量存在种群间差异,长安种群蜥蜴的摄食量显著大于共和种群蜥蜴。三个种群断尾个体均未增加摄食以满足尾再生的额外能量需求,表明增加摄食不是该种蜥蜴补偿断尾能量代价的对     

荒漠麻蜥的染色体核型观察

采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对采自甘肃省民勤县的荒漠麻蜥Eremias przewalskii染色体核型进行分析。荒漠麻蜥染色体核型为2n=38=36I+2m,具18对大型端部着丝粒型和1对微小染色体,属丽斑麻蜥型,与蜥蜴科和麻蜥属的染色体核型一致。系统整理已报道的麻蜥属核型资料,在此基础上探讨麻蜥属的染色体核型特征与演化。     

山地麻蜥越冬及其耐饥力的观察

据调查,徐州山地麻蜥的入蛰时间为１２月中旬;出蛰时间为翌年２月中旬,冬眠期为２个月左右。生活在丘陵山地的山地麻蜥是穴居在大石块下松土中过冬的。冬眠期的活动与温度高底有一定的关系。冬眠期山地麻蜥有较强的耐饥能力。     

丽斑麻蜥繁殖习性的研究

本文系统地报道了辽宁省北镇县城郊丽斑麻蜥的繁殖习性。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism