若干悬钩子属植物的花粉形态研究

蔷微科悬钩子属１０种植物的花粉形态进行了扫描电镜观察,描述了花粉形态的特征,探讨了植物花粉形态特征与外部形态特征的关系。     

茨藻科、角果藻科植物花粉形态的研究

在水生植物茨藻目中,茨藻科Najadaceae和角果藻科Zannichelliaceae植物由于其结构、尤其是花部结构的极度简化和趋同适应,系统关系仍不清楚。本文应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对上述2科4属的10种代表植物的花粉形态进行了观察,系统描述了各属、种的花粉形态。结果表明角果藻科植物花粉均无萌发孔,外壁纹饰通常为拟网状至浅网状。花粉形态的研究结果支持将Vleisia作为角果藻属Zannichellia的近缘属处理的观点。茨藻科植物花粉外壁光滑、稍皱波状或为疣状,具颗粒状纹饰,萌发孔的有无在种间存在变异。花粉形态的研究结果表明角果藻科与眼子菜科Potamogetonaceae近缘,茨藻科可能与水蕹科Aponogetonaceae或水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae中具单沟花粉的类群有一定联系,而与角果藻科和眼子菜科则相去甚远。     

伯乐树科及其近缘科的花粉形态研究

本文观察了伯乐树科、省沽油科、牛栓藤科、七叶树科、无患子科、罂粟科,共6科、17属、21种植物的花粉形态。依据花粉资料,探讨了伯乐树科的系统位置。认为伯乐树科与无患子目中牛栓藤科关系较为密切。牛栓藤科较为进化,伯乐树科较为原始。与无患子目中其他一些科关系不明显。伯乐树科与罂粟科、豆科中云实亚科的花粉形态有某些相似,而伯乐树科较为进化。与辣木科、白花菜科花粉形态较少相似。     

中国兰花蕉科植物花粉形态

使用扫描电镜及光学显微镜观察了国产兰花蕉科2种植物（兰花蕉及长萼兰花蕉）的花粉形态。它们的花粉粒呈豆形、两侧对称、异极、无萌发孔,中间部分的表面具稠密的条状雕纹,两端的为皱波状雕纹。两种花粉的雕纹有些区别。兰花蕉科花粉形态特征特别,不同于姜国其他7科的花粉,属特殊的花粉类型。     

湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光镜及扫描电镜对湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科11属29种1变种1变型植物(另加采于湛江的软骨草)的花粉形态进行了研究,发现泽泻科植物花粉具多个圆形萌发孔,外壁表面为小刺状纹饰;茨藻科植物花粉具远极单槽,表面为绉波状纹饰;眼子菜科及本文研究的水鳖科植物花粉均无萌发孔,分别具网状和小刺状饰纹饰。1.茨藻科植物花粉最原始,泽泻科花粉较进化,眼子菜科花粉较水鳖科花粉进化;2.泽泻属与泽苔草属花粉较慈姑属花粉原始;3.鞘叶眼子菜亚屈花粉较眼子菜亚属的花粉处于更高演化阶段;4.多孔茨藻花粉在该科中最原始。本文工作尚对易变形水生植物花粉形态研究方法进行了尝试。     

三尖杉科的花粉形态及其外壁超微结构研究

本文描述了在光学显微镜,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察到三尖杉科花粉特征,并对三尖杉属种间的花粉特征进行了对比。据此,笔者支持在三尖杉属内建立篦子三尖杉组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐｅｃｔｉｎａｔａｅ Ｌ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ和三尖杉组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓ的意见。根据花粉形态特征,本文讨论了三尖杉科的范围和分类位置,同时对比了三尖杉科和红豆杉科花粉的异同。花粉形态特征说明两科之间有密切的亲缘关系,三尖杉科     

中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）花粉形态研究及其分类意义的探讨

研究观察了中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae)4属27种植物的花粉形态。中国柽柳科植物花粉为三沟类型,无三拟孔沟类型,形态及外壁雕纹属间差异明显。根据花粉资料,探讨了属间的进化关系和分类地位及本科植物花粉外壁的演化途径。     

中国芸香科植物的花粉形态

本文用光学显微镜对我国21属52种2变种芸香科(Rutaceae)植物的花粉形态进行了详细地观察研究,其中对6属6种进行了扫描电镜观察。本科花粉具沟孔,是花粉单类型的科之一。根据萌发孔的数目和外壁纹饰特点,本文将芸香科的花粉分为具3孔沟和4-6孔沟两个花粉类型,并根据各属花粉形态特征,作出了花粉形态分属检索表。此外,本文还对花椒(Zanthoxylum L.)和Fagara两属的合并问题及花椒与吴茱萸(Evodia Scop.)两属之间的亲缘关系等问题进行了讨论。     

国产杜英科花粉形态的研究

本文对国产杜英科3属28种的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜观察,并对其中15种进行了扫描电镜观察。观察结果表明杜英科花粉属于小型花粉,3孔沟,沟达极区,内孔横长,在光学显微镜下外壁光滑,外壁内外层分层不明显,两层近相等,3属很难区分;在扫描电镜下,杜英属花粉外壁纹饰分为颗粒状、皱网状和穴状或穴网状三种类型,猴欢喜属花粉外壁纹饰仅有皱网状一种类型,两届难以区别;而文丁果届具有明显的网状纹饰,与另外两属有明显区别。在本科中花粉演化趋势之一可能是向体积增大的方向进行。在花粉形态上与椴树科区别明显,支持将杜共科作为独立的科。同时,花粉形态特征还显示了与大风子科、红树科等的部分相似性。     

论交让木科的系统位置

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对国产交让术科10个种的气孔和花粉形态及金缕梅 科和黄杨科一些代表种的花粉形态进行了观察,并据大戟科已有资料,较系统地从形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、胚胎学以及化学成分等方面讨论交让木科的系统位置。     

不同品种杏的性器官发育和结实性比较研究

通过对原产于不同地区的５１个杏品种的性器官发育和结实性的系统调查和测定,结果表明,１．花粉上和形状少数虽有一定差异,而大数色大多数品种相似,吕种间花粉萌发率尽管差异很大,但所有品种均为花粉可育型。２．大多数品种不完全花百分率很高,自然授粉率很,其主要原因是雌蕊败育。３．品种间不完全花百分率与花粉萌发率呈正相关;４．欧洲生态群品种与中国生态群品种比较芬粉大小和形态基本相似,而花粉萌发率和不安全花百分     

中国马鞭草科植物的花粉形态

本文对我国18属91种3变种马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)植物的花粉形态进行了详细地观察研究。其中对15属27种进行了扫描电镜观察。本科为花粉多类型的科之一。根据萌发孔的数目、特征和纹饰特点,本文将马鞭草科分为9个花粉类型:1.具疣3沟花粉类型;2.具刺3沟花粉类型;3.具细网8沟花粉类型;4.具模糊颗粒-细网3沟花粉类型;5.具网3沟花粉类型;6.具散沟(6-8条)花粉类型;7.具3孔花粉类型;3.具细网3沟花粉类型,4.具模糊颗粒一细网3沟花粉类型,5.具网3沟花粉类型,6.具散沟(6-8条)花粉类型,7.具3孔花粉类型,8.具3孔沟花粉类型,9.具3(4)孔沟花粉类型。     

Pollen Morphology of Asarum in China

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 27 species, 4 varieties and 1 form of Asarum from China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The apertures of pollen grains of Asarum are variable and so distinct as to allow the identification of individual subgenera and species. The exine ornamentation is compound and may be divided into two types: reticulate or cerebelloid under verrucae. The pollen grains of Subgen. Asarum and Subgen. Heterotropa are distinguishable, which supports the taxonomical subdivision based on the gross morphology. The differences in the pollen morphology between A. caulescens Maxim. and A. sieboldii Miq. in China and in Japan are discussed and some comparisons in the pollenmorphology between several species similar in the gross morphology are also made.     

我国罂粟科(Papaveraceae)植物的花粉形态

本文用光学显微镜对我国16属60种5变种罂粟科植物花粉形态进行了系统地观察研究。其中对15属27种进行了扫描观察。本科花粉形态为多类型。3沟为原始的、基本的花粉类型。根据萌发孔的形状、数目和特征,将罂粟科的花粉分为2沟,3沟,4-6沟、散沟、散孔和无萌发孔6个花粉类型。根据孢粉学资料,本文对绿绒蒿属(Meconopsis Vig.)花粉粒和其它器官的进化趋势,罂粟科在进化上的亲缘关系和本科花粉萌发孔的演化趋向等问题进行了讨论。     

Pollen Morphology of Chinese Datura and Its Taxonomic Significance

The pollen grains of 11 taxa of Chinese Datura were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. All of them are 3(-4)-colporate. The exine ornamentation is so distinct as to allow the identification of individual sections and species, and may be divided into three types. The division is consistent with the taxonomy based on gross morphology i.e. rugulato-reticulate (Sect. Stramonium); striate or striato-reticulate, with some granules on the surface of the lirae, or scabrous (Sect. Dutra); striate with some rings on the surface of the lirae, looking like silkworm (Sect. Brugmansia). The varieties or cultivated forms are not sufficiently distinct from each other in the pollen grains as observed in this investigation.     

Pollen morphology in the genus Coffea (Rubiaceae) and its taxonomic significance

The pollen morphology of 38 representative species and varieties within the genus Coffea L. is described. Eight pollen types, placed in two major groups, have been identified on the basis of the number of colpi, colpus characteristics, exine morphology and pollen size. Differences in pollen structures of the species studied do not correspond to present taxonomic groupings, but support a current proposal to place some of the species in the genus Paracoffea Leroy. Among the four sections in the genus, the section Eucoffea contains a high degree of pollen polymorphism.     

Pyrene and pollen observations in the pantropical genus Geophila (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae)

Pyrene and pollen morphology of several neo- and paleotropical Geophila species is documented and discussed. Pyrenes show distinct morphological variation. They have one central or several adaxial ribs and are straight or twisted. Neotropical species only have twisted pyrenes, whereas Madagascan species have straight ones. Both pyrene types occur on the tropical African mainland and in tropical Asia. The genus is eurypalynous, including inaperturate, colpate and pantoporate pollen. The paper includes the first record of operculate pollen in the Rubiaceae, viz. in Geophila repens var. repens . Pyrenes as well as pollen morphology indicate that the varieties of the pantropical species G. repens need recognition at the specific level.     

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY AND PLANT TAXONOMY OF WHITE OAKS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

An evaluation of possible approaches to fossil oak pollen identification utilized scanning electron microscopy to examine exine-surface features of 171 collections, representing 16 Quercus subgenus Lepidobalanus species and varieties of eastern North America. Twenty qualitative pollen morphological characters were defined and tabulated for each of 217 pollen grains. The data were subjected to cluster analysis and cluster diagrams were compared with published white oak taxonomy. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy compared well in series of the subgenus Lepidobalanus due primarily to consistency of character presence and absence within species and varieties. Pollen morphology of white oaks appears to reflect plant systematics above the species level. Use of routine SEM analysis to identify series of white oaks among fossil pollen grains likely will yield valid results.     

兔眼越桔花粉的超微结构和营养成分与其育性关系研究

运用透射电镜观察5个兔眼越桔品种的花粉结构并分别测定分析了花粉的营养成分,以探讨兔眼越桔花粉育性与其超微花粉结构和营养成分的关系.结果表明,兔眼越桔花粉结构中,内膜系统清晰可见,发育程度因品种而异.开花前的花粉细胞核仁较大,蛋白质合成旺盛.对花粉超微结构与营养成分间关系的比较分析表明:花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量与花粉发芽率呈正相关,兔眼越桔花粉壁的厚度、花粉细胞的蛋白质含量与花粉的萌发率无相关性,而内质网发育程度与蛋白质含量呈正相关趋势.推测兔眼越桔花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量对兔眼越桔花粉的发育及其育性具有密切的关系.     

川芎,抚芎与藁本的花粉形态及其亲缘关系

本文讨论了我国传统中药伞形科藁本届Ligusticum L.植物藁本L. sinense、川芎L. sinense cv. Chuanxiong、抚芎L. sinense cv. Fuxiong的花粉形态及其相关性状,我们认为:川芎和抚芎与藁本相比,花粉形状变异很大,展示出明显的差异,但却仍然保留了藁本属矩形花粉类型的特征。其相关性状亦有不少相似性。因此,赞同将川芎、抚芎作为藁本的栽培变种。