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Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat Jalaluddin Rofina Yasmin Othman 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2019,39(1):67-78
It has only been about 20 years since the first Nobel Prize-winning work on RNA interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans was published in the journal Nature. Fast forward to today, and the use of RNA molecules as gene-silencing elements in crops has helped scientists to unveil possible solutions to the global problems of agricultural losses due to pests, viruses, pathogens, and to other abiotic and biotic stresses. The recent proliferation of publications suggests that the technology has gained significant attention and received ample funding support. In this article, an attempt has been made to visualize recent trends in Research & Development (R&D) investment in this field by analyzing top cited scholarly articles, patent trends, and commercialization activity. The publication and citation analysis identified that the development of RNAi-based crops conferring resistance against viruses, fungi, and pests are at the forefront of RNAi research and that Chinese and US institutions are the leaders in this field. The patent landscape analysis for RNAi technology over all aspects related to RNAi-derived crops provides an overview of patenting activity from a geographical, organizational, and legal perspective. Such an exercise is pivotal to industry players and public institutions aiming at creating intellectual property that is commercially appealing. An upswing in commercial interests in this technology in recent years is reflected by a consistent number of patent filings in US, European, and Chinese patent offices, with multinational giant firms as the most prolific patent filers. The expanding RNAi commercialization landscape is supported by a series of strategic partnerships, licensing agreements, and acquisitions created between agribusinesses, public research institutions, and startup companies. From key observations, we would like to highlight that such investments have very positive impacts on the development of RNAi technology. Nonetheless, the success of this technology is dependent on several factors, such as financial requirements, the complexity, and timeframe of the entire development process, as well as stringent regulations imposed by the relevant authorities. In most countries, RNAi-based transgenic crops are still considered as a genetically modified (GM) product, which necessitates the crops to undergo rigorous evaluation before approval is granted. Recent advancements in exogenous RNAi-derived biopesticides have provided a nontransgenic alternative to GM crops. However, challenges still remain in the form of technical hurdles and regulatory ambiguities surrounding this emerging technology. Its full potential remains to be realized. 相似文献
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随着能源和环境问题的日益突出,化学品以及燃料的合成方式正逐渐由传统的化学法合成转变为以细菌为基础的生物炼制过程,其中最关键问题是需要开发出合适的基因工程工具用于构建相应的产品生产菌株。成簇的规律间隔短回文重复序列(Clusteredregularlyinterspacedshortpalindromic repeats,CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated proteins,Cas)系统是一种存在于细菌和古细菌中的免疫系统,能够用于抵御病毒和外源质粒的入侵,近年来被开发成为一种高效、便捷、精确的基因编辑工具,显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文立足于CRISPR/Cas系统的原理与最新分类,结合实例综述了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统在原核微生物细胞工厂构建中的建立与优化策略,以及主要的应用方向,并探讨该系统所面临的主要问题并提出了一些可行的解决方案。 相似文献
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Tina Rulli 《Bioethics》2019,33(9):1072-1082
Given recent advancements in CRISPR‐Cas9 powered genetic modification of gametes and embryos, both popular media and scientific articles are hailing CRISPR’s life‐saving, curative potential for people with serious monogenic diseases. But claims that CRISPR modification of gametes or embryos, a form of germline engineering, has therapeutic value are deeply mistaken. This article explains why reproductive uses of CRISPR, and germline engineering more generally, do not treat or save lives that would otherwise have a genetic disease. Reproductive uses of CRISPR create healthy people whose existence is not inevitable in the first place. Creating healthy lives has distinct and lesser moral value from saving or curing lives that would otherwise have genetic disease. The real value in reproductive uses of CRISPR is in helping a very limited population of people have healthy, genetically related children. This diminished value cannot compete with the concerns in opposition to germline engineering, nor is it worth the investment of research money. 相似文献
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基因编辑技术是生命科学领域最具变革的突破性技术之一,它的出现使基因组的遗传操作变得极为便捷。传统的CRISPR/Cas基因编辑通过引发DNA双链断裂(DSB)发挥作用,特别适合基因失活的研究,但在基因的精准修饰方面略有不足。新的基因编辑技术可以不依赖DSB和同源重组修复(HDR),达到了前所未有的精准度,目前已经开发了包括碱基编辑、引导编辑和CRISPR相关转座酶(CAST)在内的多种编辑系统,实现了从单个核苷酸到DNA大片段范围内的精准编辑。近年来,这些精确基因编辑工具的优化大大提高了编辑的效率、特异性和多功能性,如能够实现颠换的碱基编辑器、更高效和精准的增强型引导编辑系统,以及用于大段DNA精确插入的CAST系统,极大扩展了这些工具的应用范围。同时,体内递送系统的持续发展也极大推动了精准基因编辑工具的治疗应用,有效的递送系统对于基因治疗的成功至关重要,近年来在病毒和非病毒载体方面的进展提高了体内基因编辑的有效性和安全性。精确基因编辑技术在治疗遗传性疾病方面潜力巨大,本综述讨论了精准基因编辑工具和递送系统的最新进展,及其在心肌病、肝病和听力疾病等遗传性疾病中的临床前治疗应用,也讨论了技术在安全性和特异性的优化、递送系统的改进等方面存在的挑战,凸显了其从根本上治愈疾病的巨大潜力。 相似文献
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规律成簇间隔的短回文序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)是细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统,利用该系统能定点进行基因编辑。最近,科学家发现了新的CRISPR-associated (Cas)蛋白,其中由Cas12a介导的基因编辑能显著降低脱靶率。文中对CRISPR/Cas系统的发现历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行概述,并总结了该系统的最新研究进展及在斑马鱼Danio rerio中的应用。 相似文献
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李仪扬;周执政;王淑菲;刘博雅;刘宇飞;李孝彦;隋宏书;刘东巍 《生物技术进展》2025,15(1):35-42
成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins, CRISPR)系统是原核生物的一种获得性免疫系统,基于细菌免疫系统CRISPR改造发展而来的CRISPR/Cas9系统正在改变着生物学和基础医学研究,是现有基因编辑和基因修饰技术中效率最高、最简便、成本最低的技术之一。然而,目前缺乏在体内将CRISPR系统有效递送到患病细胞的策略,具有靶标识别功能的非病毒载体可能是未来研究的重点,疾病发病引起的病理和生理变化有望作为靶向递送或基因编辑靶标的识别因素。概述了现有的基因编辑工具以及CRISPR/Cas9系统的优势,总结了CRISPR/Cas9在治疗领域的应用进展,并讨论了在CRISPR/Cas9介导的治疗中所遇到的问题和挑战,以期能够促进CRISPR/Cas9治疗技术的进步,并为治疗其他复杂疾病提供新的视角。 相似文献
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近年来,通过基因编辑技术对工业微生物底盘细胞改造从而获得的优良细胞工厂,促进了农业、医学、环境、能源等领域的可持续发展,提高了人民的生活水平。微生物底盘细胞的改造离不开基因编辑,作为现阶段主要的基因编辑技术,规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)/Cas9系统自被发现以来,依靠其低成本、高效率等编辑优点,被广泛用于工业微生物底盘细胞的改造。本文主要简述了以CRISPR/Cas9为基础而衍伸出的各种基因编辑技术,提出了常用的工业微生物对应底盘细胞的改造策略,以期为研究者在进行微生物底盘细胞改造时选择出合适的基因编辑方法。最后指出了CRISPR基因编辑技术面临的PAM位点的依赖性、脱靶效应和应用广泛性等问题。 相似文献
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Qun Zhou Hengji Zhan Xinhui Liao Lan Fang Yuhan Liu Haibiao Xie Kang Yang Qunjun Gao Mengting Ding Zhiming Cai Weiren Huang Yuchen Liu 《Cell proliferation》2019,52(2)
With the development of synthetic biology, synthetic gene circuits have shown great applied potential in medicine, biology, and as commodity chemicals. An ultimate challenge in the construction of gene circuits is the lack of effective, programmable, secure and sequence‐specific gene editing tools. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system, a CRISPR‐associated RNA‐guided endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated protein 9)‐targeted genome editing tool, has recently been applied in engineering gene circuits for its unique properties‐operability, high efficiency and programmability. The traditional single‐targeted therapy cannot effectively distinguish tumour cells from normal cells, and gene therapy for single targets has poor anti‐tumour effects, which severely limits the application of gene therapy. Currently, the design of gene circuits using tumour‐specific targets based on CRISPR/Cas systems provides a new way for precision cancer therapy. Hence, the application of intelligentized gene circuits based on CRISPR technology effectively guarantees the safety, efficiency and specificity of cancer therapy. Here, we assessed the use of synthetic gene circuits and if the CRISPR system could be used, especially artificial switch‐inducible Cas9, to more effectively target and treat tumour cells. Moreover, we also discussed recent advances, prospectives and underlying challenges in CRISPR‐based gene circuit development. 相似文献
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遗传与变异体现着生命之美和生命之奥妙,前人在不断探求的过程中逐渐形成了严谨的体系和科学的方法——遗传学。在遗传学的研究中基因编辑工具的作用是不可或缺的,近年来发现的CRISPR/Cas系统作为基因编辑工具箱中的新刃,以其特异性强、靶向性好、适用性广的特点迅速成为广大科研工作者研究和开发的热点。并且,在探索生命暗物质的过程中,会有更多的新的CRISPR/Cas系统被发现并应用在遗传研究等领域。为此,本文综述目前CRISPR/Cas系统的最新研究进展,力图从其系统多样性、分子工作机制及遗传研究应用等方面,为广大科研工作者提供一个系统了解CRISPR/Cas系统及其研究现状的窗口,以期为该领域的研究与应用提供一些有益的参考。 相似文献
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谷氨酸棒杆菌是生产氨基酸、有机酸等的重要菌株,广泛应用于食品、医药领域。利用基因编辑技术对谷氨酸棒杆菌进行基因功能研究,在提高目的产物产量、发现新的基因功能等方面有重要意义。近年来,基因编辑技术发展日新月异,从基于同源重组的传统基因编辑技术到以人工核酸酶介导的基因编辑均在谷氨酸棒杆菌中得到合理应用。其中,CRISPR技术以其快速、简便、编辑效率高等优点成为现阶段研究者用于改造谷氨酸棒杆菌的主要技术,但是更为简单、高效的编辑手段依旧需要进一步研究开发,以获得优良菌株应用于工业生产中。 相似文献
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