三种植物多糖肽的镇痛作用观察

三种植物多糖KA -PSP、AB -PSP、B1 -PSP灌胃给药 6天后 ,小鼠热板法实验发现AB -PSP呈现明显的镇痛作用 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,大鼠电刺激尾巴—嘶叫模型亦显示同样结果 ,其作用在给药后 1小时即有明显差异并持续至给药后 1 .5小时 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。     

L.B-G.O对小鼠U_(14)宫颈癌细胞细胞化学影响的分析

本实验选用中药枸杞有效成分和大蒜油,腹腔注射联合作用于U14腹水型宫颈癌小鼠后．对癌细胞细胞化学的影响进行了分析。结果显示,联合用药组小鼠癌细胞减少,细胞受到不同程度的破坏,细胞内DNA、RNA含量降低,ACPase、a－ANAE、ATPase、SDH、G－6－PDH活性减弱,含量降低,与对照组形成明显对比,P＜0．01．与单独用药组比较,亦P＜0．01。揭示联合用药可直接作用于癌细胞,抑制癌细胞遗传物质DNA合成和RNA转录．阻碍了癌细胞正常代谢,加速癌细胞死亡。     

望江南总蒽醌苷抗肿瘤作用的研究

探讨望江南总蒽醌苷(CSAG)的抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制.利用MTT法检测望江南总蒽醌苷对肝癌细胞HepS、肺癌细胞(A549)、小鼠肉瘤(S180)腹水型肿瘤细胞等肿瘤细胞和人正常肝细胞L-02增殖的影响;实体瘤称重法测定CSAG对肝癌(HepS)实体瘤的抑制情况,将接种肿瘤的小鼠分成5组,每组6只小鼠,雌雄各半,给药12 d,停药后24 h处死动物,秤鼠体重,剥离出肿瘤,秤瘤重,测定生化指标.结果显示,CSAG对以上肿瘤细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,对肝癌细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用;同时可增加胸腺指数和脾指数.因此,CSAG具有明显的抗肿瘤效果,其抗肿瘤作用可能与提高机体免疫力和诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

定量细胞化学分析大蒜油抗癌的作用

本文应用细胞化学和显微分光光度计对癌细胞的 DNA,ACP,ANAE、SDH 和G6PDH 进行定量测定,又用流式细胞计分析癌细胞 RNA 含量的变化.实验证明大蒜油能明显抑制癌细胞 DNA 与 RNA 合成,并减低五种酶的活性。表明大蒜油能影响癌细胞的核酸代谢、能量代谢及功能活动、抑制癌细胞的分裂增殖,从而起到抗癌效应.     

壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的:研究壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:C57BL/6雌性小鼠60只,随机分为4组,空白组(n=12)、模型组(n=12)、阴性对照组(n=12)、给药组(n=12)。模型组和给药组腹腔注射LPS复制小鼠肺损伤模型,给药组同时注射壳聚糖,空白组和阴性对照组注射等量的生理盐水和壳聚糖溶液。注射LPS 24h后处死小鼠,取血,分离血清,并收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,剖取肺组织。测定肺组织湿干重比,氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果:显著抑制ALI小鼠氧化应激反应,脂质过氧化生物标记物MDA含量和超氧化物歧化酶减少。IL-6和TNF-α水平下降。结论:壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤具有一定保护作用,显示出良好的抗炎效应,作用机制与抗氧化、抑制炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

大蒜油对人胃癌细胞恶性增殖能力和细胞间通讯的影响

借助于激光扫描共聚焦显微镜、Norhtern印迹杂交等技术 ,研究了大蒜油对人胃癌BGC- 82 3细胞的增殖抑制作用 .研究结果表明 ,大蒜油对癌细胞形态结构有明显的影响 ,使癌细胞的裸鼠致瘤性得到明显抑制 ,细胞间通讯得到明显恢复 ,可上调抑癌基因p5 3,p2 1的表达水平 .以上结果提示大蒜油有诱导肿瘤细胞向正常分化的作用 .     

大蒜油不同给药途径对癌细胞周期移行过程的影响

本研究采用流式细胞光度术(FCM)分析癌灶局部及肌注大蒜油(GO)后,S180腹水癌细胞周期移行过程的变化。实验结果表明癌灶局部注射 GO 后,组方图上高倍体 DNA 峰值减少,癌细胞由 G_1期向 S 期运行受阻,S 期细胞显著减少,G_1期与 Go 期细胞积累。肌注 Go 对癌细胞周期影响远不如癌灶局部给药明显。Go 与 G_1期癌细胞积累的原因可能与 GO 对癌细胞周期活动选择性的抑制,或特异性杀伤 S 期或 G_2+M 期癌细胞有关。     

神经肽对小鼠急性脑缺血保护作用的研究

结扎小鼠一侧颈总动脉,建立急性脑缺血动物模型。术前腹腔给予人胚胎脑组织提取的生物活性多肽类物质神经肽,术后一小时测定脑组织中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性,同时进行组织学和超微结构观察。结果显示给药组小鼠脑组织ＬＤＨ活性明显高于未给药组,给药组小鼠脑组织脱水不明显,神经细胞中无明显空泡,细胞内超微结构改变较未给药组轻。本研究说明种经肽对脑组织急性缺血具有保护作用。     

化学药物对戊巴比妥钠生物转化的刺激和抑制

以小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间,戊巴比妥钠在小鼠体内消失速率及大鼠肝切片对戊巴比妥钠的代谢为指标观察了几种药物对戊巴比妥钠转化的影响。按对戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间的影响,可将这些药物分为三类:甲类包括密尔通,苯妥英钠,苯海拉明,氨基比林,氯丁醇,氯丙嗪及3′-甲基奶油黄等已知的药物转化酶刺激剂,给这些药物后48小时,小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间缩短,但在给药后1小时睡眠时间延长。由于给这些药后1小时戊巴比妥钠在体内的消失延缓,以及当温孵液中含有6.6—17.0×10~(-4)M 时明显抑制大鼠肝切片对戊巴比妥钠的代谢,故这些药物延长睡眠时间的原因,至少部分由于抑制催眠药的生物转化。乙类药物只延长睡眠时间而不随后使之缩短,包括丙嗪,美沙酮,E605,安他布斯,PT-22,2-甲基奶油黄,奶油黄,牛胱胺,AET 及氮芥类化合物。其中美沙酮,E605,安他布斯及2-甲基奶油黄都经进一步证明能抑制戊巴比妥的转化,新恩比兴在给药后第3天有抑制作用,唯丙嗪并不延缓戊巴比妥钠在小鼠体内的消失。丙类包括阿司匹林,DFP,6-MP 及 8-氮杂鸟扁便嘌呤等,既不在给药后早期显著延长睡眠时间,也不在后期缩短睡眠时间。上述结果表明:凡药酶刺激剂,在给予动物的早期,必表现出对药酶的抑制作用;但药酶抑制剂在给予动物后晚期,对药酶不一定都有刺激作用。     

炎性条件对于辣椒素镇痛作用的影响

目的：观察辣椒素的镇痛时间是否在炎性条件下发生改变,以及辣椒素在产生镇痛作用前的痛觉过敏时间是否受炎性条件的影响。方法：健康成年昆明雌性小鼠50只,（实验前对其测定热缩足反射潜伏期,作为基础值）,随机分为五组（n=10）,：生理盐水组,辣椒素赋形剂实验一组（吐温80：95％乙醇：生理盐水=1：1：8配置）,0．5％辣椒素实验二纽（C0．5）,剩余小鼠用完全性弗氏佐剂建立炎性模型,将建模成功的小鼠随机分为辣椒素赋形剂实验三组,0．5％辣椒素实验四组。各组小鼠均采用右后足给药,0．05ml。观察给药后1,4,7小时后小鼠的热缩足反射潜伏期时间,以及热缩足反射潜伏期恢复至正常范围所需时间。结果：1．五组小鼠的热缩足反射潜伏期的比较：五组小鼠的基础值差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。生理盐水组与辣椒素赋形剂实验一组相比较,差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2．实验二组热缩足潜伏期时间在注药后7小时内小于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,注药后第2-5天大于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,第三天效果最强,作用最明显,第六天恢复至基础值。3．实验三组热缩足潜伏期时间小于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,注药后第18．20天恢复至基础值。4．实验四组热缩足潜伏期时间在注药后4小时内小于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,注药后4小时后大于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,注药后第18—19天恢复至基础值,注药后第二,三天效果最强,作用最明显,以后作用逐渐减退但仍高于基础值。结论：辣椒素的镇痛时间在炎性条件下延长,而且延长的时间与炎性条件持续的时间保持一致。辣椒素在产生镇痛作用前的痛觉过敏时间在炎性条件下缩短。     

Effects of garlic oil on tumoragenecity and intercellular communication in human gastric cancer cell line

Previous studies have demonstrated that garlic oil (GO) and its anti-tumor compound could inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis in human cancer cells.In order to explore the effects of garlic oil on carcinoma cells,a gastric carcinoma cell line,BGC-823 was studied at cellular and molecular levels after garlic oil treatment.Data showed that the cell differentiation and suppression of tumorigenicity were significantly induced in tumor cells after garlic oil treatment.There was a correlation between the cell-cell communication recovery and the increase of p53 and waf1/p21 gene expression in garlic oil-treated cells.This result suggested that tumor suppressor gene waf1/p21 and wt p53 might play an important role in this effect.     

Effects of garlic oil on tumoragenecity and intercellular communication in human gastric cancer cell line

Previous studies have demonstrated that garlic oil (GO) and its anti-tumor compound could inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis in human cancer cells. In order to explore the effects of garlic oil on carcinoma cells, a gastric carcinoma cell line, BGC-823 was studied at cellular and molecular levels after garlic oil treatment. Data showed that the cell differentiation and suppression of tumorigenicity were significantly induced in tumor cells after garlic oil treatment. There was a correlation between the cell-cell communication recovery and the increase of p53 and waf1/p21 gene expression in garlic oil-treated cells. This result suggested that tumor suppressor gene waf1/p21 and wt p53 might play an important role in this effect.     

In vivo interactive effect of garlic oil and vitamin E against stavudine induced genotoxicity in Mus musculus

Stavudine (Zerit, d4T) is widely used as an anti HIV infection drug. It prevents HIV by altering the genetic material of healthy cells but causes mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. It also produces clastogenic effects in mice. In the present investigation, comet assay test was applied to evaluate the possible genomic damage caused by stavudine and also the ameliorating effects of garlic oil and vitamin E against its genotoxicity in different organs of mice. Two different doses of garlic oil (low and high dose) and vitamin E were administered to mice separately and in combination for six consecutive days followed by a dose of stavudine. The mice were sacrificed after 24, 48 and 72 h of stavudine administration. Both the antioxidants (vitamin E and garlic oil) separately and in combination reduced the genotoxicity of stavudine. The protective effects of high doses of garlic oil were more pronounced as compared to vitamin E administered group.     

Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through oxidative modification of beta-tubulin

Allyl sulfides are characteristic flavor components obtained from garlic. These sulfides are thought to be responsible for their epidemiologically proven anticancer effect on garlic eaters. This study was aimed at clarifying the molecular basis of this anticancer effect of garlic by using human colon cancer cell lines HCT-15 and DLD-1. The growth of the cells was significantly suppressed by diallyl trisulfide (DATS, HCT-15 IC50 = 11.5 microM, DLD-1 IC50 = 13.3 microM); however, neither diallyl monosulfide nor diallyl disulfide showed such an effect. The proportion of HCT-15 and that of DLD-1 cells residing at the G1 and S phases were decreased by DATS, and their populations at the G2/M phase were markedly increased for up to 12 h. The cells with a sub-G1 DNA content were increased thereafter. Caspase-3 activity was also dramatically increased by DATS. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis performed on the cells arrested at the G1/S boundary revealed cell cycle-dependent induction of apoptosis through the transition of the G2/M phase to the G1 phase by DATS. DATS inhibited tubulin polymerization in an in vitro cell-free system. DATS disrupted microtubule network formation of the cells, and microtubule fragments could be seen at the interphase. Peptide mass mapping by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis for DATS-treated tubulin demonstrated that there was a specific oxidative modification of cysteine residues Cys-12beta and Cys-354beta to form S-allylmercaptocysteine with a peptide mass increase of 72.1 Da. The potent antitumor activity of DATS was also demonstrated in nude mice bearing HCT-15 xenografts. This is the first paper describing intracellular target molecules directly modified by garlic components.     

Regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation by thymus hormones, Ca2+ and chalone-T

The regulatory effect on T lymphocyte proliferation of the differentiator thymosin hormone family (thymosin fr. 5, A. L. Goldstein), Ca2+, and purified inhibitory protein fractions prepared from calf thymus was investigated in C57Bl/6 mice. 1.2 mM Ca2+ concentration was the most favourable for murine thymocyte growth in culture. Net protein synthesis was transitorily inhibited by Cu2+ concentrations higher than 2 mM. This inhibition was followed by a marked inhibition of DNA synthesis 2 hrs later. The effect of thymosin fr. 5 was slight, of short duration, and oscillatory in nature; in contrast, chalone-T preparations inhibited thymocyte DNA synthesis permanently up to 12 hrs of cultivation. When spleen cells taken from mice treated with the immunoadjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were exposed to chalone-T in culture, then stimulated with PHA, a reduced proliferative response was measured in chalone-T pretreated cultures compared to controls or spleen cells from normal non-BCG-activated mice. This result had led us to suggest that chalone-T has a dual effect on thymocytes, viz. it inhibits cell cycle progression and induces the phenotypic conversion of suppressor T lymphocytes. The multifactorial concept of T lymphocyte production is discussed.     

Correlation between the rate of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and the intensity of various glucose metabolic pathways in rat liver cells

A sharp and strong suppression of protein synthesis by cycloheximide in liver cells of starving rats is paralleled with activation of RNA synthesis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase production. Subsequent reconstitution and stimulation of protein synthesis (6-12 hrs after cycloheximide injection) result in activation of hexokinase. Upon stimulation of DNA synthesis (48-60 hrs after cycloheximide injection) the activity of both enzymes is very low. Since glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase appears to be the limiting step of glucose decay via the pentose phosphate pathway, and hexokinase is the limiting step of glycolysis, it was assumed that RNA synthesis predominantly occurs via the pentose phosphate pathway, while that of proteins via glycolysis.     

The inhibitory effect of oral administration of garlic on experimental carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouches by DMBA painting

The inhibitory effect of oral administration of garlic on experimental carcinogenesis in buccal pouches induced by painting 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was studied on 40 golden Syrian hamsters. The animals were grouped at random into four experimental groups (oral administration of garlic, NTP, BP or mineral oil followed by DMBA painting on buccal pouches), three chemical control groups (oral administration of garlic, NTP or BP without DMBA painting) and a DMBA control group (only painted DMBA on buccal pouches). Starting from the fourth week after DMBA painting, the pouch mucosae were examined biweekly for its tumor formation and blood vessel architecture. Animals were sacrificed 25 weeks after DMBA application. Tumors and pouch mucosae were dissected to examine tumor nature and biochemical reactions of DNA synthesis and GGTase activity. The inhibitory efficacy of garlic, BP and NTP were evaluated according to the results of these examinations. Garlic was found to have a higher inhibitory efficacy than BP and NTP through the probable mechanism of competitive binding with nuclear DNA and diminishing the opportunity of DMBA to initiate carcinogenesis. Other factors related to cancer inhibition included insufficient local blood flow, low GGTase activity and lesser DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect of fractions of garlic on experimental carcinogenesis should be a reasonable and necessary continuation in future studies of the series of cancer prevention by garlic.     

Toll-like receptor 9 mediates CpG oligonucleotide-induced cellular invasion

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) belongs to the innate immune system and recognizes microbial and vertebrate DNA. We showed previously that treatment with the TLR9-agonistic ODN M362 (a CpG sequence containing oligonucleotide) induces matrix metalloproteinase-13-mediated invasion in TLR9-expressing human cancer cell lines. Here, we further characterized the role of the TLR9 pathway in this process. We show that CpG oligonucleotides induce invasion in macrophages from wild-type C57/B6 and MyD88 knockout mice and in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells lacking MyD88 expression. This effect was significantly inhibited in macrophages from TLR9 knockout mice and in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stably expressing TLR9 small interfering RNA or dominant-negative tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Sequence modifications to the CpG oligonucleotides that targeted the stem loop and other secondary structures were shown to influence the invasion-inducing effect in MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, methylation of the cytosine residues of the parent CpG oligonucleotide did not affect the TLR9-mediated invasion compared with the unmethylated parent CpG oligonucleotide. Finally, expression of TLR9 was studied in clinical breast cancer samples and normal breast epithelium with immunohistochemistry. TLR9 staining localized in epithelial cells in both cancer and normal samples. The mean TLR9 staining intensity was significantly increased in the breast cancer cells compared with normal breast epithelial cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that TLR9 expression is increased in breast cancer and CpG oligonucleotide-induced cellular invasion is mediated via TLR9 and TRAF6, independent of MyD88. Further, our findings suggest that the structure and/or stability of DNA may influence the induction of TLR9-mediated invasion in breast cancer.