地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01固态发酵培养基的优化

分离到一株饲用地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01,初步研究了该菌的固态发酵培养基,得到的最优发酵培养基为(g/kg干固体物料)含水量600、红糖7、米糠420、麸皮580.当采用此种配比的培养基,接种量为10%(v/w),发酵2 d后,菌体浓度可达9.15×109CFU/g鲜曲,芽孢浓度可达7.50×109CFU/g鲜曲,芽孢形成率在80%以上.     

地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01固态发酵培养基的优化*

分离到一株饲用地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01 ,初步研究了该菌的固态发酵培养基 ,得到的最优发酵培养基为 (g/kg干固体物料 )含水量 60 0、红糖 7、米糠 42 0、麸皮 5 80。当采用此种配比的培养基 ,接种量为 10%(v/w) ,发酵 2d后 ,菌体浓度可达 9.15×10⁹CFU/g鲜曲 ,芽孢浓度可达 7.50×10⁹CFU/g鲜曲 ,芽孢形成率在 80 %以上。     

嗜酸乳杆菌在模拟胃肠环境中抗性的研究

采用MRS培养基,模拟胃肠环境,即低pH值（1.5～4.5）。高胆汁盐（0.1％～0.4％）对嗜酸乳杆菌抗性进行了研究。同时对肠道中致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的拮抗特性以及服用抗生素后嗜酸乳杆菌的耐药性进行了研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌在pH2.5～4.5时具有较强的生存能力,6h活菌数仍达 10⁷cfu/mL以上,pH1.5条件下仍有部分存活。在0.1％～0.3％胆汁盐条件下4h活菌数仍达106cfu/mL以上,且能在0.4％胆汁盐中存活。同时,对致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具     

Determination of an economical medium for growth of Clostridium butyricum fermentum

本文重点在于提高酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌活菌数量,降低发酵培养基成本.通过对发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行单因素研究,得到最佳培养基组成:可溶性淀粉10 g/L,豆粕(中性蛋白酶水解3 h)20 g/L,玉米浆3g/L.用此培养基在37℃培养24h,采用高层半固体琼脂试管法对酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌进行活菌计数,活菌数可达8.2×108 cfu/mL.培养基中添加K2HPO4 5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、MnSO4·H2O 0.2 g/L培养32 h时,酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌芽孢转化率可达95％.     

嗜酸乳杆菌的生长与富硒的动态关系研究

目的考察嗜酸乳杆菌在添加Na2SeO3的MRS培养基中的生长与富硒的关系和规律.方法以未添加Na2SeO3的MRS培养基的对照相比.结果加硒培养基中嗜酸乳杆菌生长较为缓慢,生长的延滞期增加,对数期缩短.结论处于延滞期的嗜酸乳杆菌细胞对硒的吸收作用比较强,富硒量迅速增加至最高达62.054 μl/g菌细胞.     

幽门螺旋菌在双相培养基中生长特性的研究

本文观察了幽门螺旋菌在固体及液体—固体双相培养基上生长的特性,37℃72小时培养后,定量实验表明,固体培养基上菌数为1.02×10~2cfu/ml,而双相培养基上则为1.14×10~4cfu/ml;用血液双相培养基,对CP进行了生长曲线的测定,从0小时加入1.02×10~2cfu/ml开始,按每天平皿活菌计数,共5天(24、48、72、96、120、144h)分别为2.5×10~2cfu/ml,4.97×10~2cfu/ml,1.14×10~4cfu/ml,1.24×10~5cfu/ml,2.87×10~5cfu/ml,9.75×10~4cfu/ml以后逐日下降;液相培养液24—144小时pH测定,pH由7.2下降至6.4—6.9。     

酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌低成本培养基的优化

本文重点在于提高酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌活菌数量,降低发酵培养基成本。通过对发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行单因素研究,得到最佳培养基组成：可溶性淀粉10/L,豆粕（中性蛋白酶水解3h）20g／L,玉米浆3g／L。用此培养基在37℃培养24h,采用高层半固体琼脂试管法对酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌进行活菌计数,活菌数可达8．2×10^8cfu／mL.培养基中添加K2HPO45g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、MnSO3·H2O0．2g/L培养32h时,酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌芽孢转化率可达95％。     

白僵菌固态发酵试验研究*

以产孢量为指标,筛选出白僵菌固态发酵的培养基为:90%麦麸+5%玉米粉+5%黄豆粉,原孢粉的产孢量可达244.7亿/g。在25m³发酵罐内进行浅盘固态发酵,培养基的最适起始含水率为60%~65%;最佳通气条件为:前12h不通气,12~48h通气量为1:2,48~144h的通气量为1:1;而温度只需在12~48±8h内进行控制。常温干燥能最大限度地维持白僵菌的活孢率。     

平菇浸汁促进嗜酸乳杆菌生长的研究

对平菇浸汁可促进嗜酸乳杆菌的生长进行了初步研究。结果表明,平菇浸汁对嗜酸乳杆菌在还原脱脂乳中的生长具有明显的促进作用,添加5％～10％的平菇浸汁,可大大缩短嗜酸乳杆菌生长的世代时间,提高其产酸速率;在37℃下1Oh的培养,其中活菌数的含量较对照组大大提高,可达108/mL。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片中嗜酸乳杆菌的分离及生长动力学研究

目的以双歧杆菌四联活菌片为实验材料,利用酸化的MRS培养基筛选分离得到嗜酸乳杆菌,对其进行进一步的生长动力学研究,确定嗜酸乳杆菌的生长数学模型。方法通过浓度梯度稀释法利用改良MRS培养基对双歧杆菌四联活菌片中的嗜酸乳杆菌进行分离,利用分光光度仪和平板菌落计数两种不同的方法测定嗜酸乳杆菌在发酵过程中不同发酵时间的细胞浓度的动态变化,经软件处理后拟合出嗜酸乳杆菌细胞生长的Logistic数学模型。结果Logistic方程能很好地拟合嗜酸乳杆菌细胞生长的动态变化,并得到嗜酸乳杆菌在本实验条件下的数学模型,为进一步研究、利用嗜酸乳杆菌生长能力、产酸能力和产香能力等具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.