Studies on Nipponnemertes Friedrich (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini). II. Taxonomy of Nipponnemertes pulcher (Johnston) and Some Other Species

The synonymity of some Amphiporus species is discussed. Amphiporus falklandicus Wheeler, 1934, A. pusillus Punnett, 1903, Nipponnemertes bergendali (Gering, 1912), N. danae (Friedrich, 1957) and Wheeler's specimens of A. gerlachei Burger, 1904 and A. lecointei Burger, 1904 are found to be synonymous with N. pulcher , while A. mesosorus Verrill, 1892, A. arcticus Punnett, 1901 and A. thompsoni Punnett, 1901 are separated from the discussion of synonymity with this species. A summary of the knowledge of the geographical distribution of N. pulcher is given. The species A. africanus Wheeler, 1940, A. magnus Punnett, 1903, A. marioni Hubrecht, 1887, A. schollaerti Wheeler, 1934 and A. scoresbyi Wheeler, 1934 are transferred to the genus Nipponnemertes Friedrich, 1968.     

Molecular and genetic differentiation of small-spored species of the yeast genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metschnikowia</Emphasis> Kamienski

Information concerning molecular reidentification of the species of the rejected genus Chlamydozyma is generalized. The yeasts Chl. pulcherrima Wickerham (1964) and Chl. reukaufii Wickerham (1964) are shown to be sibling species of Metschnikowia pulcherrima Pitt et Miller (1968) and M. reukaufii Pitt et Miller (1968), respectively. Restoration of the species M. zygota (Wickerham) Fell at Hunter (1968) is proposed. The parasexual cycle and the prospects of its application for investigation of the Metschnikowia yeasts are discussed.     

A revised polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of the X. americanum-group

The species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 are listed and their current status is indicated. A revised polytomous key to the 172 valid species (excluding the X. americanum-group) is presented. Because of the very large number of species the key is split into eight groups on the basis of development of the anterior female genital branch, uterine differentiation and tail shape. In accordance with the opinion of Cohn & Sher (1972) X. vulgare Tarjan, 1964 is considered a synonym of X. setariae Luc, 1968. X. cubense Razzhivin, 1973 is placed in species inquirendae. Longidorella chappuisi (Schneider, 1935) is transferred to Xiphinema and its possible identity with X. hygrophilum Southey & Luc, 1974 is discussed.     

The Pseudoplagioporinae,a new subfamily in the Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 (Trematoda) for a small clade parasitizing mainly lethrinid fishes,with three new species

The Pseudoplagioporinae n. subf. (Opecoelidae) is proposed for species of Pseudoplagioporus Yamaguti, 1938, Fairfaxia Cribb, 1989, and Shimazuia Cribb, 2005, a small group of relatively distinctive, Indo-West Pacific taxa reliably known almost entirely from emperor fishes (Perciformes: Lethrinidae). These taxa were previously recognized in the Plagioporinae Manter, 1947, but that subfamily has recently been restricted to a clade of Holarctic, freshwater taxa, whereas analyses of new genetic data find the pseudoplagioporines to form a distinct clade among a larger assemblage of marine taxa. New material was sourced from fishes collected mainly in Queensland waters, Australia, but with some specimens from off Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Japan. Orthodena tropica Durio & Manter, 1968 is transferred to Pseudoplagioporus as P. tropicus (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb., and Orthodena Durio & Manter, 1968 thus becomes a synonym of that genus. Three new species of Pseudoplagioporus are proposed. One, P. mediocris n. sp., like other species of Pseudoplagioporus, occurs in several species of Lethrinus. The other two new species, P. labiatus n. sp. and P. roseovulatus n. sp., apparently do not infect species of Lethrinus and were instead found only in the Bigeye emperor Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål) and the Redfin emperor M. heterodon (Bleeker), respectively. New host-locality combinations and the first genetic data, for the ribosomal ITS2 DNA region, and the 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and cox1 mtDNA genes, are reported for Pseudoplagioporus lethrini Yamaguti, 1938, P. interruptus Durio & Manter, 1968, P. tropicus, Fairfaxia lethrini Cribb, 1989, Fairfaxia cribbi Hassanine & Gibson, 2005, and Shimazuia lethrini (Yamaguti, 1938) Cribb, 2005.     

A revision of the neotropical genus ischioscia verhoeff,with descriptions of four new species (isopoda,philosciidae)

A revision of the species of the Proischioscia‐Ischioscia‐group revealed the necessity to synony‐mize the genus Proischioscia Vandel, 1968 with Ischioscia Verhoeff, 1928. The following previously described species are accepted and included in the genus Ischioscia: Ischioscia lobifera Verhoeff, 1928,Ischioscia amazónica Lemos de Castro, 1955, Proischioscia andina Vandel, 1968, Ischioscia bolivari Vandel, 1968, and Proischioscia sturmi Vandel, 1972. Four new species are described: I. stenocarpa, I. hanagarthi and I. longicauda from Peru, and I. irmleri from Brazil. An analysis of the generic and specific characters is given from a viewpoint of phylogenetic systematics.     

The phylogeny of the genus Ischioscia Verhoeff, 1928, with redescriptions of three species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)

The genus Ischioscia Verhoeff, 1928 is reviewed. 26 species are considered valid. A key for their identification is given, as well as a map showing the geographic distribution. The known range of the genus covers a large area from the central Amazon region to the mountains of Guatemala. The species of Ischioscia have a typical “philosciid” habitus (“runner” type); they can be distinguished from other Neotropical species with similar habitus by the following apomorphies: (1) male pereiopod 1 carpus enlarged to a plate-like extension, (2) scale field on male pereiopod 1 covering entire frontal side of the carpus, (3) male pereiopod 7 ischium with a ventral scale field, (4) dactylus in both sexes with a long inner claw. The groundpattern of Ischioscia is reconstructed, and an analysis of the phylogenetic relations within the genus is made on the basis of morphological data. The species are very similar to each other, most differences are found in the male structures of sexually dimorphic features. Ischioscia sturmi (Vandel, 1972), I. amazonica Lemos de Castro, 1955 and I. bolivari Vandel, 1968 are redescribed in detail.     

New species of the snakefly genus Mongoloraphidia (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from Japan and Taiwan,with phylogenetic and biogeographical remarks on the Raphidiidae of Eastern Asia

Two species of the snakefly genus Mongoloraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1968 from Japan and Taiwan are described as new to science: Mongoloraphidia (Japanoraphidia) occidentalis sp. nov. and Mongoloraphidia (Formosoraphidia) curvata sp. nov. A key to the species of Mongoloraphidia from Eastern Asia is provided. Phylogenetic and biogeographical aspects on the Raphidiidae from Eastern Asia are discussed.     

Cereal aphids, their parasites and predators caught in cages over oat and winter wheat crops

The trapping of alate aphids in emergence cages each 1 yd² (0–83 m²) over cereal crops from mid-June to the end of July, 1964 to 1971, always revealed colonies of cereal aphids within the crop. Four species, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi occurred every year in different proportions. Alate aphids from winter wheat were most numerous in 1968 and fewest in 1967. Alatae developed slightly earlier in cages than in the field and peak catches were a few days earlier than in a nearby 12-2 m suction trap. Cereal aphid colonies were adversely affected by bad weather in May, e.g. in 1969, and by predators. Coccinellidae (chiefly Propylea 14-punctata) were the dominant predators in 1971 and 1968, Syrphidae in 1966, 1971 and 1968 and Chrysopidae in 1970. Parasites belonging mainly to the genus Aphidius were numerous every year. When hyperparasites such as Asaphes vulgaris, Lygocerus sp., Conostigmus sp. and Phaenoglyphis sp. were abundant as in 1967, they affected numbers of aphids in the current year and increased them in the following year (1968), possibly by hindering early, heavy parasitism. Hyperparasites could have an important influence in fluctuations of cereal aphid populations from year to year. Aphids of one species or another are always present in cereal crops in sufficient numbers during the summer months to provide copious quantities of honey dew, and this is unlikely to be a limiting factor in the biology of the wheat bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata.     

重突天牛族中国老挝二新纪录种（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）

记述天牛科沟胫天牛亚科重突天牛族1中国新纪录种:老挝缨额天牛Momisis submonticola Breuning,1968和1老挝新纪录种:黄蓝眼天牛Bacchisa guerryi(Pic,1911),补充了黄蓝眼天牛B.guerryi(Pic,1911)的雌、雄生殖器描述。     

Filarioid nematodes (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) of Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm in southern Ontario,Canada and a consideration of the epizootiology of avian filariasis

Summary Chandlerella chitwoodae Anderson, 1961 (prevalence 65%), Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 (21%), Eufilaria longicaudata Hibler, 1964 (15.5%), C. quiscali (von Linstow, 1904) Robinson, 1971 (1.9%), Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi Strom, 1937 (0.4%) and Splendidofilaria wehri (0.3%) were found in crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm) wintering in southern Ontario, Canada. S. caperata, E. longicaudata, Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi and S. wehri are reported for the first time from this host.Infection with Chandlerella chitwoodae and E. longicaudata produced microfilaraemias and these two common species apparently are maintained in the crow population. Infection with S. caperata was amicrofilaraemic (occult) and this common species cannot, therefore, be maintained in the crow population. C. quiscali, Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi and S. wehri occurred infrequently and must be common parasites of other woodland bird species. The presence of both common and sporadic infections in crows suggests that some avian filarioids parasitize numerous birds sharing a particular habitat. However, some host species are probably more important than others in maintaining infections within an avian community.The hosts of each species in Chandlerella, Splendidofilaria, Cardiofilaria and Eufilaria are listed. Chandlerella flexivaginalis (Jones, 1961) Sultana, 1962 and C. hispanica López-Caballero, 1974 are placed in synonymy with C. chitwoodae. Splendidofilarioides Freitas & Ibáñez, 1968 is made a synonym of Splendidofilaria and the type species becomes Splendidofilaria pachacuteci (Freitas & Ibáñez, 1968) n. comb. S. passerina Koch & Huizinga, 1971 is synonymized with S. algonquinensis (Anderson, 1955) Anderson, 1961. Pseudaproctella andersoni var. major Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964 and Cardiofilaria chabaudi Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965 are placed in synonymy with C. major Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965. Eufilaria cypseli (Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901) Nelson, 1966 is transferred to Lemdana as L. cypseli (Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901) n. comb. E. buckleyi (Desmukh, 1968) n. comb. is designated for Neofilaria buckleyi Desmukh, 1968 (= Eufilaria utae Anderson & Bain, 1976). ac]19800116Addendum: Since this paper went to press the following article has come to our attention: Olsen, O.W. & Braun, C.E. (1976) New species of Splendidofilaria and Chandlerella (Filarioidea: Nematoda), with keys to the species, from the band-tailed pigeon (Columba fasciata fasciata) in the Rocky Mountain region. Great Basin Naturalist, 36, 445–457. In their paper the authors describe the new species Splendidofilaria columbensis, S. hibleri and Chandlerella robinsoni. S. columbensis and S. hibleri are known from males only and their validity requires further study. C. robinsoni will also require further study.     

Revision of the amphiamerican Neotetraonchus Bravo-Hollis, 1968 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae), with a description of N. vegrandis n. sp. from the gill lamellae of the blue sea catfish Ariopsis guatemalensis (Siluriformes: Ariidae) off the Pacific Coast of Mexico

Neotetraonchus Bravo-Hollis, 1968 is revised and reassigned to the Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 based on examinations of specimens representing four species from the gill lamellae of sea catfishes (Ariidae). The monotypic Neotetraonchidae Bravo-Hollis, 1968 is placed in synonymy with the Dactylogyridae. Neotetraonchus bychowskyi Bravo-Hollis, 1968 (type-species), is redescribed from the tete sea catfish Ariopsis seemanni (Günther) (type-host) in the eastern Pacific Ocean off Panama (new geographical record). Neotetraonchus vegrandis n. sp. is described from the blue sea catfish A. guatemalensis (Günther) off the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Neotetraonchus bravohollisae Paperna, 1977 is redescribed from the hardhead sea catfish A. felis (L.) in the Gulf of Mexico off the Yucatan Peninsula. Neotetraonchus felis (Hargis, 1955) Paperna, 1977 is redescribed from A. felis in the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi and the Yucatan Peninsula (new geographical record). Morphological similarities between species of Neotetraonchus suggest the likely presence of geminate species pairs flanking the Isthmus of Panama.

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Reclassification of Oxysomatium inglisi Anderson, 1964 and Aplectana gigantica olsen, 1938 (nematoda:Cosmocercoidea) from north American frogs

Summary Aplectana gigantica Olsen, 1938 and Oxysomatium inglisi Anderson, 1964 (Cosmocercidae) have been re-examined. Study of cephalic, oesophageal and male caudal structures and of the egg demonstrates that both species belong in the Kathlaniidae and they are reclassified as Falcaustra inglisi (Anderson, 1964) n. comb. and Megalobatrachonema gigantica (Olsen, 1938) n. comb. The genus Megalobatrachonema Yamaguti, 1941 is divided into M. (Megalobatrachonema) n. subg. (with M. nipponica Yamaguti, 1941 and M. gigantica) and M. (Chabaudgolvania) n. subg. (with M. campanae Chabaud & Golvan, 1959 and M. terdentatum (Linstow, 1898)). M. (Chabaudgolvania) lacks oesophageal valves which are present in M. (Megalobatrachonema). It is suggested that F. inglisi and M. gigantica illustrate a trend in the evolution of the Kathlaniinae towards reduction of cephalic support structures and simplification of the oesophagus to a club-shaped form lacking valves. An evolutionary hypothesis linking the Kathlaniinae to the Quimperiidae (Seuratoidea) is presented. The genus Chabaudinema Díaz-Ungría, 1968 is synonymized with Spectatus Travassos, 1923 and its type species is designated Spectatus americana (Díaz-Ungría, 1968) n. comb. ac]19791109     

A new species of Chiroptella Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960 (Acari: Trombiculidae) from diadem leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy) (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Bali Island (Indonesia) with distribution records,hosts, and a key to the species of the genus

A new chigger mite Chiroptella baliensis n. sp. is described based on material from the diadem leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy) (Hipposideridae) in Bali Island (Lesser Sunda Islands, East Indonesia). With this newly described species, the genus Chiroptella includes 22 species, 13 in the subgenus Chiroptella Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960 (sensu stricto), and 9 in the subgenus Neosomia Vercammen-Grandjean, 1968. Species of Chiroptella are distributed throughout the Ethiopian region, the Oriental region, and the Australian region (and only marginally throughout the Palaearctic region) and are all associated with several families of bats. The paper also provides a key to all members of the genus and the new combinations for two species originally described as Chiroptella.

     

A review of the tribe Phanerotomini (Hymenoptera,Braconidae, Cheloninae) in Turkey,with a new host record for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phanerotoma</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bracotritoma</Emphasis>) <Emphasis Type="Italic">permixtellae</Emphasis>

In this study, the Phanerotomini of Turkey collected between July 1959 and July 2004, are listed. A total of thirteen Phanerotomini species were determined, and six of these are reported for the first time from Turkey. Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) permixtellae Fischer, 1968 was reared from a new natural host Recurvaria pistaciicola (Danilevskii, 1955) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). With this present study an illustrated identification key for the Phanerotomini of Turkey is given. The distribution of the Phanerotomini species is discussed according to the phytogeographical provinces of Turkey.     

On some predatory nematodes from the Okavango Delta,Botswana

Five species of Mononchida and Mononchulus nodicaudatus (v. Daday, 1899) Cobb, 1918 are reported from freshwater sediments at or near Boba Island, Okavango Swamps, Botswana. Illustrations are given for Mylonchulus lacustris (Cobb N.A. in Cobb MX, 1915) Andrássy, 1958, Iotonchus risoceiae (Carvalho, 1955) Andrássy, 1958 and Cobbonchus spec. Two species of Mononchus Bastian, 1865, M. aquaticus Coetzee, 1968 and M. truncatus Bastian, 1865 were also found. The usually rare species M. nodicaudatus was well represented and its juvenile stages are described for the first time.     

Pseudorhabdosynochus summanoides n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Epinephelus coioides in Dapeng Bay, South China Sea, with observations on several similar species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958

One new species of diplectanid monogenean, Pseudorhabdosynochus summanoides n. sp., is reported and described from the marine fish Epinephelus coioides off Nan’ao Shenzhen, China. P. summanoides differs from its closest relative, P. summanae (Young, 1968), by the shape of its vaginal hard-parts, which have a tightly twisted distal region and an accessory patch on the proximal curve. During the course of this work, type-material of several species of Pseudorhabdosynochus was examined and aspects of the vagina and haptor are redescribed and/or figured. These species include P. americanus (Price, 1937), P. hargisi (Oliver & Paperna, 1984), P. amplidiscatus (Bravo-Hollis, 1954), P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938), P. riouxi (Oliver 1986), P. melanesiensis (Laird, 1958), P. cupatus (Young, 1969), P. bocquetae (Oliver & Paperna, 1984), P. kritskyi Dyer et al., 1995, P. capurroi Vidal-Martinez, 1998, P. querni (Yamaguti, 1968) and P. summanae (Young, 1969). Several closely related species are considered in terms of their conspecificity: P. hargisi is proposed as a junior synonym of P. americanus; P. capurroi is suggested as a likely synonym of P. kritskyi; and it is suggested that P. cupatus and P. bocquetae may eventually be demonstrated to be consepcific with P. melanesiensis.     

Heterokrohnia longicaudata,a new species of chaetognatha from Antarctic waters

Summary A new bathypelagic species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longicaudata, is described and separated from the other five previously described Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911, H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966, H. involucrum Dawson 1968, H. longidentata Kapp and Hagen 1985 and H. fragilis Kapp and Hagen 1985. The new specimen has been found at great depths (2,350m–1,000m) near Elephant Island, in the atlantic sector north of the Antarctic Peninsula.     

Cycloplectanum riouxi n. sp., une nouvelle espèce de Diplectanidae (Monogenea,Monopisthocotylea) parasite d'Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces,Serranidae)

Summary Cycloplectanum riouxi n. sp., described here, resembles Cycloplectanum amplidiscatum (Bravo-Hollis, 1954) Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981 and Cycloplectanum beverleyburtonae Oliver, 1984 in the shape of the sclerified cirrus bulb and resembles Cycloplectanum americanum (Price, 1937) Oliver, 1968 in the shape of the vaginal sclerifications. It differs from these species in the shape of the haptoral transverse bars and the morphology of the squamodiscs. It differs also from other species of the genus Cycloplectanum Oliver, 1968 in the shape of the vaginal sclerifications.     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: MacDonnell, M. F., und J. P. Flynn (1968): Attack elicited by Stimulation of the Thalamus and adjacent structures of Cats. Shaw, Kenneth C. (1968): An analysis of the phonoresponse of males of the true Katydid Pterophylla camellifolia Fabricius (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Thompson, W. L. (1968): The songs of five species of Passerina. (Die Gesänge von fünf Farbfinkenarten.) Ewing, A. W., und H. C. Bennet-Clark (1968): The courtship song of Drosophila. Capranica, R. R. (1968): The vocal repertoire of the bull frog (Rana catesbiana.) Davis, Roger T., Robert W. Leary, Mary Dell, Casebeer Smith und Richard F. Thompson (1968): Species differences in the gross behaviour of non human Primates (Unterschiedliches Artverhalten von Affenarten.) Moller, G. W., H. F. Harlow und G. D. Mitchell (1968): Factors affecting agonistic communication in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta.) Anthoney, Terence R. (1968): The ontogeny of greeting, grooming, and sexual motor patterns in captive Baboons (Superspecies Papio cynocephalus.) Darchen, R. (1968): Ethologie d'Achaearanea disparata Denis, Aranea, Theridiidae, araignée sociale du Gabon. Nachtigall, W. (1968): Gläserne Schwingen. Quine, D. A., und J. M. Gullen (1964): The pecking response of young Arctic Terns (Sterna macrura) and the adaptiveness of the “releasing mechanism”. John, E. Roy, Phyllis Chesler, Frank Bartlett und Ira Victor (1968): Observation learning in Cats. Dücker, G. (1968): Beobachtungen am Kleinen Grison, Galictis (Grisonella) cuja (Molina). Gautier-Hion, A. (1968): Étude du cycle annuel de reproduction du Talapoin (Miopithecus talapoin), vivant dans son milieu naturel. Williams, L. (1968): Der Affe, wie ihn keiner kennt (Man and Monkey), übers, v. H. E. Hausner. Tinbergen, N. (1968): On war and peace in animals and man, an ethologist's approach to the biology of aggression. Thomas, J. B. (1968): Einführung in die Photobiologie. Barnett, S. A. (1967): “Instinct” and “Intelligence”, the science of behaviour in animals and Man.