ABCA1结构对胆固醇流出的影响

正三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)作为介导细胞内脂质流出,维持细胞脂质代谢平衡的重要跨膜蛋白,对动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的防治具有重要意义[1].近日,清华大学结构生物学高精尖创新中心的颜宁教授与龚欣博士组成的研究团队(Cell,2017,169:1228-1239)采用冷冻电子显微镜技术,经过重组人全长ABCA1蛋白制备、透射电子显微     

干扰素-γ对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出和ABCA1表达的影响

以THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞为研究对象,观察干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的影响.以便探讨IFN-γ在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用.采用液体闪烁计数器检测细胞内胆固醇流出, 高效液相色谱分析细胞内总胆固醇、游离胆固醇和胆固醇酯含量.运用逆转录-多聚酶链反应和蛋白质印迹分别检测ABCA1 mRNA与ABCA1蛋白质的表达, 采用流式细胞术检测细胞平均ABCA1荧光强度.发现IFN-γ引起THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞总胆固醇、游离胆固醇与胆固醇酯呈时间依赖性增加, 而ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白质表达、细胞平均ABCA1荧光强度以及apoA-1介导的胆固醇流出呈时间依赖性减少, 细胞内胆固醇增多.结果表明IFN-γ抑制THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1表达及细胞内胆固醇流出,同时增加细胞内胆固醇聚积.     

油酸对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1表达和胆固醇流出的影响

以THP 1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞为研究对象 ,观察油酸对THP 1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的影响 ,以探讨油酸对动脉粥样硬化发生发展的影响。用液体闪烁计数器检测细胞内胆固醇流出 ,高效液相色谱分析细胞内总胆固醇、游离胆固醇和胆固醇酯含量 ,运用逆转录多聚酶链反应和Western印迹分别检测ABCA1mRNA与ABCA1蛋白的表达 ,采用流式细胞术检测细胞平均ABCA1荧光强度。实验显示油酸引起THP 1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞总胆固醇、游离胆固醇与胆固醇酯呈时间依赖性增加 ,而ABCA1蛋白水平、细胞平均ABCA1荧光强度以及apoA I介导的胆固醇流出呈时间依赖性减少 ,细胞内胆固醇增多 ,但ABCA1mRNA没有明显变化。结果表明 ,油酸减少THP 1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1蛋白水平 ,降低细胞内胆固醇流出 ,增加细胞内胆固醇聚积。     

微小RNAs调控ABCA1和ABCG1的研究进展

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体Al(ATP binding cassette transporter Al,ABCAl)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G1 (ATP binding cassette transporter G1,ABCGl)促进细胞内胆固醇流出.微小RNAs(microRNAs,miRNAs)包括miR-33、mi...     

亚毒性剂量毒死蜱降低新西兰兔ABCA1表达加重高脂诱导的动脉粥样硬化

为了探讨亚毒性剂量有机磷酸酯杀虫剂毒死蜱对高脂饮食诱导的动脉粥样硬化的影响及其机制,32只健康雄性新西兰兔随机分为对照组、毒死蜱组、高脂组、高脂+毒死蜱组.每天以20 mg/kg亚毒性剂量的毒死蜱灌胃处理6个月.动物处死后检测血脂水平和血清胆碱酯酶活性.收集腹腔巨噬细胞,测定其胆固醇流出率.苏丹Ⅳ染色观察胸主动脉粥样硬化斑块,定量分析动脉粥样硬化斑块占血管内表面积的百分比.颈总动脉石蜡切片,观察动脉粥样硬化斑块.采用实时定量PCR和蛋白质印迹检测,分别检测肝脏、血管和腹腔巨噬细胞中三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)mRNA和蛋白质的表达.结果显示:与对照组相比,高脂饮食升高了血清总胆固醇和脂蛋白水平,主动脉和颈总动脉出现明显的动脉粥样硬化斑块,其肝脏、主动脉和腹腔巨噬细胞ABCA1的表达升高,腹腔巨噬细胞中胆固醇流出增加;与对照组相比,毒死蜱组血清胆碱酯酶活性降低,但没有出现明显的中毒症状和肝肾功能损伤,血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平降低,ABCA1的表达降低,腹腔巨噬细胞中胆固醇流出减少;高脂+毒死蜱组与高脂组相比,血清胆碱酯酶活性降低,也没有出现明显的中毒症状和肝肾功能损伤,ABCA1的表达降低,腹腔巨噬细胞中胆固醇流出减少,主动脉和颈总动脉粥样硬化斑块更加明显.结果提示长期暴露于亚毒性剂量的毒死蜱可加速高脂饮食的致动脉粥样硬化作用,其机制可能与毒死蜱降低体内ABCA1的表达和胆固醇流出有关.     

miR-33s在NF-κB抑制ABCA1表达及胆固醇流出中的作用

为探讨mi R-33s在核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达及胆固醇流出中的作用,THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞经不同浓度脂多糖(LPS)处理,活化NF-κB,或以PDTC(NF-κB抑制剂)预处理细胞后再加入LPS,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞mi R-33s及其宿主基因胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBPs)的表达,蛋白质印迹法检测SREBPs的蛋白质表达,染色体免疫共沉淀检测NF-κB p65与SREBPs启动子区结合情况;LPS处理基础上,转染mi R-33s抑制物或mi R-33s模拟物,RT-PCR检测ABCA1 m RNA表达水平,蛋白质印迹法检测ABCA1蛋白水平,液体闪烁计数仪检测细胞内的胆固醇流出.结果显示,NF-κB活化促进mi R-33s及SREBPs的表达,使用PDTC抑制NF-κB,细胞内mi R-33s和SREBPs的表达下降;NF-κB p65可与SREBPs启动子区直接结合;转染mi R-33s抑制剂后,NF-κB活化对ABCA1的抑制作用减弱,胆固醇流出增强;相反,转染mi R-33s抑制物,NF-κB活化对ABCA1的抑制作用增强,胆固醇流出减弱.结果提示,NF-κB活化可促进mi R-33s表达,抑制ABCA1及胆固醇流出.     

ABCA1与NPC1在细胞内胆固醇转运中的作用

腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运蛋白A1（ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1）是血浆高密度脂蛋白（high-density lipoprotein,HDL）颗粒形成之初的限速步骤。ABCA1通过膜泡运输脂质至细胞表面的HDL载脂蛋白的作用机制尚未完全阐明。C型尼曼-匹克病（Niemann-Pick disease type C,NPC）主要由NPC1基因突变引起,NPC1蛋白能促进胆固醇和其他脂质从晚期胞内体/溶酶体流入其他细胞结构。ABCA1和NPC1相互作用保持细胞内脂质平衡,与Tangier病和N C P病等病理过程密切相关。     

普伐他汀联合罗格列酮上调THP-1巨噬细胞ABCA1表达

目的：观察普伐他汀与罗格列酮联合应用对人巨噬细胞株（THP-1）源性巨噬细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）表达的影响。方法：THP-1细胞经160 nmol/L佛波酯（PMA）孵育24 h,诱导分化成巨噬细胞,分别与普伐他汀及罗格列酮单独或联合作用24 h,提取各组细胞总RNA和蛋白质,分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测ABCA1的mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：普伐他汀增强过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）mRNA表达,但抑制肝X受体（LXR）mRNA表达（P〈0.05）,对ABCA1的表达不产生明显效应（P〉0.05）;罗格列酮单独或与普伐他汀联合作用均可引起ABCA1表达明显增加,同时PPARγ及LXRαmRNA表达亦上调（P〈0.05））。结论：普伐他汀与罗格列酮联合应用能上调巨噬细胞ABCA1的表达。     

研究: 普罗布考通过调控ABCA1、SR-BⅠ、ABCG5、ABCG8表达及抗炎作用抑制高胆固醇血症兔动脉粥样硬化

作为一种有效的降脂药物,普罗布考能够降低血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平并抑制动脉粥样硬化,但其机制尚未完全阐明．本研究的目的旨在进一步阐明普罗布考降脂及抗动脉粥样硬化的机理．将新西兰白兔随机分为4组：正常饮食组、正常饮食+普罗布考组、高脂饮食组(HFD组)、高脂饮食+普罗布考组(HFD+P组)．结果显示,处理7周后,与HFD组比较,HFD+P组动脉粥样硬化病变程度、肝脏脂质蓄积明显减轻,血浆甘油三脂、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及HDL-C 水平降低,肝脏中清道夫受体-BⅠ(SR-BⅠ)以及肝脏与小肠中三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体(ABC)G5(ABCG5)、ABCG8表达上调,肝脏中ABCA1表达下调,主动脉弓与血浆肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素1、白介素6、单核趋化蛋白1水平降低．这些结果表明普罗布考的抗动脉粥样硬化作用可能与其调控ABCA1、SR-BⅠ、ABCG5、ABCG8表达及抑制促炎介质的分泌有关．     

ABCA1介导胆固醇外流及抗炎的信号通路研究进展

ABCA1抗动脉粥样硬化的作用主要通过以下两种途径:介导细胞内胆固醇流出和抑制炎症。载脂蛋白与ABCA1的相互作用可激活多个信号通路,包括JAK2/STAT3、蛋白激酶A(PKA)、Rho家族G蛋白CDC42和蛋白激酶C(PKC)等信号通路。ABCA1通过修饰细胞膜脂筏或直接激活信号通路而介导脂质流出和发挥抗炎功能。对这些信号通路的认识,能为动脉粥样硬化相关疾病提供新的治疗靶点。     

Photobiomodulation therapy promotes the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-dependent cholesterol efflux in macrophage to ameliorate atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease related to a massive accumulation of cholesterol in the artery wall. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects but has no consensus on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we aimed to investigate whether PBMT could ameliorate atherosclerosis and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)^−/− mice were fed with western diet (WD) for 18 weeks and treated with PBMT once a day in the last 10 weeks. Quantification based on Oil red O-stained aortas showed that the average plaque area decreased 8.306 ± 2.012% after PBMT (P < .05). Meanwhile, we observed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in WD + PBMT mice increased from 0.309 ± 0.037 to 0.472 ± 0.038 nmol/L (P < .05) compared with WD mice. The further results suggested that PBMT could promote cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded primary peritoneal macrophages and inhibit foam cells formation via up-regulating the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 expression. A contributing mechanism involved in activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase C zeta/specificity protein 1 signalling cascade. Our study outlines that PBMT has a protective role on atherosclerosis by promoting macrophages cholesterol efflux and provides a new strategy for treating atherosclerosis.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体和细胞胆固醇外排

胆固醇是细胞质膜的重要组成成分。然而,过多的胆固醇累积可导致细胞中毒。异常的胆固醇胞内迁移与蓄积是造成许多心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化的分子基础。细胞内胆固醇稳态由胆固醇的吸收、合成及外排等一系列过程调控。在哺乳动物细胞中,调节胆固醇合成、吸收和外排是维持体内胆固醇平衡的必要生理过程。本综述着重概述了三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体(ABC)家族,如ABCA1、ABCG1、ABCG5和ABCG8的细胞功能及生理作用,以及这些转运体在调控胆固醇胞外转运中的分子机制。     

Effect of apolipoprotein A-I on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 degradation and cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells

The accumulation of lipoprotein cholesterol in theartery wall is thought to be an important factor in thedevelopment of atherosclerosis. After retentionand modi-fication in arteries, atherogenic lipoproteins are taken upby macrophages, bringing about macrophage-derived foamcells. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a role in trans-porting cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.The elevated level of HDL is associated with a decreasein atherosclerosis and the apolipoproteins to remo…     

Serum, but not monocyte macrophage foam cells derived from low HDL-C subjects, displays reduced cholesterol efflux capacity

The main antiatherogenic function of HDL is to promote the efflux of cholesterol from peripheral cells and transport it to the liver for excretion in a process termed reverse cholesterol transport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol efflux capacity in low- and high-HDL subjects by utilizing monocytes and serum from 18 low-HDL and 15 high-HDL subjects. Low and high HDL levels were defined, respectively, as HDL < or =10(th) and HDL > or =90(th) Finnish age/sex-specific percentile. Cholesterol efflux from [(3)H]cholesterol-oleate-acetyl-LDL-loaded monocyte-derived macrophages to standard apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), HDL(2), and serum was measured. In addition, cholesterol efflux from acetyl-LDL-loaded human THP-1 macrophages to individual sera (0.5%) derived from the study subjects was evaluated. Cholesterol efflux to apoA-I, HDL(2), and serum from macrophage foam cells derived from low- and high-HDL subjects was similar. The relative ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression levels in unloaded macrophages, as well as their protein levels in loaded macrophage foam cells, were similar in the two study groups. Cholesterol efflux from THP-1 foam cells to serum recovered from high-HDL subjects was slightly higher than that to serum from low-HDL subjects (P = 0.046). Cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages to serum from study subjects correlated with serum apoB (P = 0.033), apoA-I (P = 0.004), apoA-II (P < 0.0001), and the percentage of apoA-I present in the form of prebeta-HDL (P = 0.0001). Our data reveal that macrophages isolated from either low- or high-HDL subjects display similar cholesterol efflux capacity to exogenous acceptors. However, sera from low-HDL subjects have poorer cholesterol acceptor ability as compared with sera from high-HDL subjects.     

Lysophosphatidylcholine promotes cholesterol efflux from mouse macrophage foam cells via PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1-dependent pathway associated with apoE

Formation of macrophage-derived foam cells is a hallmark in earlier stages of atherosclerosis (AS). Increased cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells promote atherosclerotic regression. In the present study, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells was observed, and the mechanism underlying the action was investigated. Macrophage foam cells from mice were incubated with different concentrations of LPC (10, 20, 40, 80 microM), and the free cholesterol in medium increased but total intracellular cholesterol decreased. At the same time, the expression of PPARgamma, LXRalpha, ABCA1 was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of macrophage foam cells with 40 microM LPC for 12, 24 and 48 h promoted cellular cholesterol efflux in a time-dependent manner, meanwhile expression of PPARgamma, LXRalpha, ABCA1 was also raised respectively. Addition of different specific inhibitors of PPARgamma (GW9662), LXRalpha (GGPP), ABCA1 (DIDS) to the foam cells significantly suppressed LPC-induced cholesterol efflux. Also treatment with specific inhibitors of PPARgamma or LXRalpha decreased ABCA1 mRNA and protein expressions. LPC (40 microM)-induced cholesterol efflux was significantly lower in macrophage foam cells from apoE deficient mice than from normal C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, 10 microg apoAI-induced cholesterol efflux from foam cells remained in apoE deficient mice. The present results indicate that LPC promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells via a PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1-dependent pathway. Furthermore, apoE may be involved in this process.     

Expression and functional analyses of novel mutations of ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 in Japanese patients with high-density lipoprotein deficiency.

ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA1) gene is mutated in patients with familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency (FHD). In order to know the molecular basis for FHD, we characterized three different ABCA1 mutations associated with FHD (G1158A/A255T, C5946T/R1851X, and A5226G/N1611D) with respect to their expression in the passaged fibroblasts from the patients and in the cells transfected with the mutated cDNAs. Fibroblasts from the all patients showed markedly decreased cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein (apo)-Al. In the fibroblasts homozygous for G1158A/A255T, the immunoreactive mass of ABCA1 could not be detected, even when stimulated by 9-cis-retinoic acid and 22-R-hydroxycholesterol. In the fibroblasts homozygous for C5946T/R1851X, ABCA1 mRNA was comparable. Because the mutant ABCA1 protein (R1851X) was predicted to lack the epitope for the antibody used, we transfected FLAG-tagged truncated mutant (R1851X/ABCA1-FLAG) cDNA into Cos-7 cells, showing that the mutant protein expression was markedly reduced. The expression of N1611D ABCA1 protein was comparable in both fibroblasts and overexpressing cells, although cholesterol efflux from the cells was markedly reduced. These data indicated that, in the three patients investigated, the abnormalities and dysfunction of ABCA1 occurred at the different levels, providing important information about the expression, regulation, and function of ABCA1.     

Ht31, a protein kinase A anchoring inhibitor, induces robust cholesterol efflux and reverses macrophage foam cell formation through ATP-binding cassette transporter A1

Macrophage foam cell is the predominant cell type in atherosclerotic lesions. Removal of excess cholesterol from macrophages thus offers effective protection against atherosclerosis. Here we report that a protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring inhibitor, st-Ht31, induces robust cholesterol/phospholipid efflux, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) greatly facilitates this process. Remarkably, we found that st-Ht31 completely reverses foam cell formation, and this process is ABCA1-dependent. The reversal is also accompanied by the restoration of well modulated inflammatory response to LPS. There is no detectable toxicity associated with st-Ht31, even when cells export up to 20% cellular cholesterol per hour. Using FRET-based PKA biosensors in live cells, we provide evidence that st-Ht31 drives cholesterol efflux by elevating PKA activity specifically in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, ABCA1 facilitates st-Ht31 uptake. This allows st-Ht31 to effectively remove cholesterol from ABCA1-expressing cells. We speculate that de-anchoring of PKA offers a novel therapeutic strategy to remove excess cholesterol from lipid-laden lesion macrophages.