共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
茯苓多糖对流感灭活疫苗的免疫增强作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
探讨茯芩多糖作为流感病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的免疫增强作用.将不同剂量(200 μg或1000 μg)的茯苓多糖分别与低剂量(0.015 μg)或高剂量(1.5 μg)流感病毒(A/PR/8)灭活疫苗共同免疫小鼠,以相应剂量灭活疫苗的单独免疫组、灭活疫苗与氢氧化铝(100 μg)共同免疫组、PBS免疫组作为对照组.一次免疫后3周收集血清,ELISA检测血清中IgG、IgG1和IgG2a的抗体水平;并用致死量(40×LD<,50>)流感病毒(A/PR/8)攻击小鼠,通过观察小鼠的体重丢失率、肺部病毒量、存活率来反映佐剂的免疫增强效果和疫苗的保护作用.结果显示,茯苓多糖能显著增加血清抗体水平,并提高小鼠抗致死量流感病毒攻击的能力,其免疫增强效果与氢氧化铝相当.茯苓多糖可作为一种新型的流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫佐剂. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
A型流感病毒M2蛋白疫苗的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前用于免疫人群的流感疫苗多为三价灭活疫苗,包含A型流感病毒H1N1亚型、H3N2亚型和B型流感病毒。多年来的实践表明,三价灭活疫苗是有一定保护效果的。但是,由于流感病毒血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)经常发生抗原转变和抗原漂移,使其抗原性表现出很大的变异,所以根据流感疫情监测预测的疫苗株也很难产生最理想的保护效果。但流感病毒基质蛋白M2的膜外区氨基酸序列高度保守,有可能发展成为具有交叉保护能力的流感疫苗的候选抗原。该文就A型流感病毒基质蛋白M2疫苗的研究作一综述。1 A型流感病毒基质蛋白M2结构及功能流感病毒基因组RN… 相似文献
6.
为制备能提供交叉保护的疫苗,本研究在证实A型、B型流感病毒HA1 DNA能够提供抗流感病毒保护的基础上,将编码A型和B型流感病毒HA1的基因构建在同一质粒中,制备成嵌合DNA疫苗.将该重组质粒免疫小鼠,并以致死量同种流感病毒A/PR/8/34或B/Ibaraki/2/85攻击,通过测定小鼠的血清抗HA抗体和保护效果(包括存活率、肺部病毒量和体重丢失率)来评价DNA疫苗的免疫效果.结果表明:A、B型流感病毒HAl嵌合DNA疫苗能保护小鼠抵抗两种致死量流感病毒的攻击,具有提供交叉保护的能力. 相似文献
7.
2009年"甲型H1N1流感"全球流行导致了数以万计人的死亡。疫苗的及时研制为预防、控制甲流的传播,减少发病率和死亡率做出了重大贡献。甲流疫苗辅以佐剂滴鼻免疫能更好地抵御甲流攻击。将A/California/7/2009(H1N1)裂解疫苗辅以化合物48/80(C48/80)佐剂滴鼻免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,免疫一次,免疫后28 d,小鼠用致死剂量的同源病毒进行攻击。结果发现,滴鼻免疫组的抗体滴度均达到很高的水平,而且随着H1N1裂解疫苗剂量的增加,其对小鼠的保护作用越强,同时添加佐剂可以更有效提高H1N1裂解疫苗的保护效果。实验结果说明H1N1裂解疫苗辅以C48/80佐剂滴鼻免疫能够保护小鼠免受流感病毒的感染。 相似文献
8.
Masayoshi Shinjoh Norio Sugaya Yoshio Yamaguchi Yuka Tomidokoro Shinichiro Sekiguchi Keiko Mitamura Motoko Fujino Hiroyuki Shiro Osamu Komiyama Nobuhiko Taguchi Yuji Nakata Naoko Yoshida Atsushi Narabayashi Michiko Myokai Masanori Sato Munehiro Furuichi Hiroaki Baba Hisayo Fujita Akihiro Sato Ichiro Ookawara Kenichiro Tsunematsu Makoto Yoshida Mio Kono Fumie Tanaka Chiharu Kawakami Takahisa Kimiya Takao Takahashi Satoshi Iwata Keio Pediatric Influenza Research Group 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6 months to 15 years of age in 22 hospitals in Japan during the 2013–14 season. Our study was conducted according to a test-negative case-control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test (IRDT) results. Outpatients who came to our clinics with a fever of 38°C or over and had undergone an IRDT were enrolled in this study. Patients with positive IRDT results were recorded as cases, and patients with negative results were recorded as controls. Between November 2013 and March 2014, a total of 4727 pediatric patients (6 months to 15 years of age) were enrolled: 876 were positive for influenza A, 66 for A(H1N1)pdm09 and in the other 810 the subtype was unknown; 1405 were positive for influenza B; and 2445 were negative for influenza. Overall VE was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39–52). Adjusted VE against influenza A, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B was 63% (95% CI, 56–69), 77% (95% CI, 59–87), and 26% (95% CI, 14–36), respectively. Influenza vaccine was not effective against either influenza A or influenza B in infants 6 to 11 months of age. Two doses of influenza vaccine provided better protection against influenza A infection than a single dose did. VE against hospitalization influenza A infection was 76%. Influenza vaccine was effective against influenza A, especially against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, but was much less effective against influenza B. 相似文献
9.
Sensitive Procedure for Detecting Residual Viable Virus in Inactivated Rabies Vaccine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
A procedure for testing inactivated rabies vaccines of tissue culture origin for residual viable virus is reported in which the vaccine to be tested is passed in primary hamster kidney cell culture (PHK) before mouse inoculation. In preliminary experiments, titrations of rabies virus in which each dilution was passed in PHK before inoculating mice yielded titers 100 to 10,000 times higher than the titers obtained for the same virus by direct mouse inoculation. This rabies virus amplification procedure was evaluated by testing 18 lots of inactivated rabies vaccine of tissue culture origin. No viable virus was found in these vaccine lots when tested by direct intracerebral inoculation of mice. Eight of these 18 lots were found to contain viable virus, however, when tested by passage in PHK cell culture. The significance of low levels of viable virus in rabies vaccines is discussed. It is recommended that the amplification procedure described in this report be used in the safety testing of rabies vaccines of tissue culture origin and that it be evaluated for use in testing other rabies vaccines of low tissue content. 相似文献
10.
11.
Tiffany M. Turner Les P. Jones S. Mark Tompkins Ralph A. Tripp 《Journal of virology》2013,87(19):10792-10804
Influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality afflicting the ends of the age spectrum during the autumn through winter months in the United States. The benefit of vaccination against RSV and influenza using a subunit vaccine to enhance immunity and neutralizing antibody was investigated. Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and RSV fusion (F) protein were tested as vaccine components alone and in combination to explore the adjuvant properties of RSV F protein on HA immunity. Mice vaccinated with HA and F exhibited robust immunity that, when challenged, had reduced viral burden for both influenza and RSV. These studies show an enhancing and cross-protective benefit of F protein for anti-HA immunity. 相似文献
12.
在流感灭活疫苗中添加佐剂可以提高疫苗的免疫原性,节约抗原用量。一些天然中草药多糖具有潜在的佐剂效应。本文探讨了人参多糖(ginseng polysaccharide,GPS)在新甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解型灭活疫苗中的佐剂效应。将不同剂量GPS与新甲型H1N1流感病毒灭活疫苗混合,共同免疫小鼠一次,通过检测免疫后在小鼠体内诱导产生的疫苗特异性IgM、IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体情况来评价GPS作为流感病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的免疫增强效果,并与不添加佐剂的疫苗和加有铝佐剂的疫苗的免疫效果作比较。结果显示,GPS与铝佐剂一样能显著提高和维持疫苗特异性IgG抗体滴度,同时提高IgM抗体水平,其中800μgGPS的佐剂效果最好。因此我们认为GPS可以作为流感病毒灭活疫苗的一种候选佐剂。 相似文献
13.
14.
Background
Concern for a pandemic caused by a newly emerged avian influenza A virus has led to clinical trials with candidate vaccines as preparation for such an event. Most trials have involved vaccines for influenza A (H5N1), A (H7N7) or A (H9N2).Objective
To evaluate dosage-related safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza A (H7N7) vaccine in humans.Design
One hundred twenty-five healthy young adults were randomized to receive two doses intramuscularly of placebo or 7.5, 15, 45 or 90 µg of HA of an inactivated subunit influenza A (H7N7) vaccine (25 per group), four weeks apart. Reactogenicity was evaluated closely for one week and for any adverse effect for six months after each dose. Serum hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibody responses were determined four weeks after each dose and at six months.Results
Reactogenicity evaluations indicated the vaccinations were well tolerated. Only one subject developed a ≥4-fold serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody response and a final titer of ≥1∶40 four weeks after dose two and only five subjects developed a neutralizing antibody rise and a final titer of ≥1∶40 in tests performed at a central laboratory. Four of the five were given the 45 or 90 µg HA dosage. A more sensitive HAI assay at the study site revealed a dose-response with increasing HA dosage but only 36% in the 90 µg HA group developed a ≥4-fold rise in antibody in this test and only one of these achieved a titer of ≥1∶32.Conclusion
This inactivated subunit influenza A (H7N7) vaccine was safe but poorly immunogenic in humans.Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00546585相似文献15.
Timothy J. Powell Jonathan D. Silk Jane Sharps Ervin Fodor Alain R. M. Townsend 《Journal of virology》2012,86(24):13397-13406
There is a need for vaccines that can protect broadly across all influenza A strains. We have produced a pseudotyped influenza virus based on suppression of the A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin signal sequence (S-FLU) that can infect cells and express the viral core proteins and neuraminidase but cannot replicate. We show that when given by inhalation to mice, S-FLU is nonpathogenic but generates a vigorous T cell response in the lung associated with markedly reduced viral titers and weight loss after challenge with H1 and H3 influenza viruses. These properties of S-FLU suggest that it may have potential as a broadly protective A virus vaccine, particularly in the setting of a threatened pandemic before matched subunit vaccines become available. 相似文献
16.
Maaike Stoel Judith Pool Jacqueline de Vries-Idema Fatiha Zaaraoui-Boutahar Maarten Bijl Arno C. Andeweg Jan Wilschut Anke Huckriede 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Vaccine development involves time-consuming and expensive evaluation of candidate vaccines in animal models. As mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be highly important for vaccine performance. Here we evaluated how far the response of DCs to a vaccine in vitro is in line with the immune response the vaccine evokes in vivo. To this end, we investigated the response of murine bone marrow-derived DCs to whole inactivated virus (WIV) and subunit (SU) influenza vaccine preparations. These vaccine preparations were chosen because they differ in the immune response they evoke in mice with WIV being superior to SU vaccine through induction of higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers and a more favorable Th1-skewed response phenotype. Stimulation of DCs with WIV, but not SU vaccine, resulted in a cytokine response that was comparable to that of DCs stimulated with live virus. Similarly, the gene expression profiles of DCs treated with WIV or live virus were similar and differed from that of SU vaccine-treated DCs. More specifically, exposure of DCs to WIV resulted in differential expression of genes in known antiviral pathways, whereas SU vaccine did not. The stronger antiviral and more Th1-related response of DCs to WIV as compared to SU vaccine correlates well with the superior immune response found in mice. These results indicate that in vitro stimulation of DCs with novel vaccine candidates combined with the assessment of multiple parameters, including gene signatures, may be a valuable tool for the selection of vaccine candidates. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Hyo Jung Choi Yong-Dae Gwon Yuyeon Jang Yeondong Cho Yoon-Ki Heo Hee-Jung Lee Kang Chang Kim Jiwon Choi Joong Bok Lee Young Bong Kim 《PloS one》2015,10(6)