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1.
Emily L. Bzdyk 《ZooKeys》2012,(221):31-61
The species of Megachile subgenus Litomegachile are revised with a review of the species morphology, biology, and plant associations. A new species, Megachile pankus, is described and illustrated. Megachile mendica snowi Mitchell is elevated to species. Megachile var. nupta Cresson and Megachile texana var. cleomis Cockerell are synonymized with Megachile brevis and Megachile texana, respectively. An illustrated key for Litomegachile is also provided. 相似文献
2.
A new species of ground beetle, Bembidion ricei, is described from the Andes mountains of Ecuador east of Quito. It belongs to the georgeballi species group of subgenus Ecuadion, and is most similar to Bembidion georgeballi. A key to the species of the group is provided. 相似文献
3.
A new hoverfly species, Cheilosia barbafacies Vujić & Radenković sp. n. (Diptera, Syrphidae), is described and distinguished from the closely related species Cheilosia pascuorum Becker, 1894, based on material collected from the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. Diagnostic characteristics and an identification key for the members of the proxima group of Cheilosia s. str., including the new taxon, are provided. 相似文献
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Santiago R. Ron Pablo J. Venegas Eduardo Toral Morley?Read Diego?A.?Ortiz Andrea L. Manzano 《ZooKeys》2012,(229):1-52
We present a new phylogeny, based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, for frogs of the genus Osteocephalus with emphasis in the Osteocephalus buckleyi species complex. Genetic, morphologic, and advertisement call data are combined to define species boundaries and describe new species. The phylogeny shows strong support for: (1) a basal position of Osteocephalus taurinus + Osteocephalus oophagus, (2) a clade containing phytotelmata breeding species, and (3) a clade that corresponds to the Osteocephalus buckleyi species complex. Our results document a large proportion of hidden diversity within a set of populations that were previously treated as a single, widely distributed species, Osteocephalus buckleyi. Individuals assignable to Osteocephalus buckleyi formed a paraphyletic group relative to Osteocephalus verruciger and Osteocephalus cabrerai and contained four species, one of which is Osteocephalus buckleyi
sensu stricto and three are new. Two of the new species are shared between Ecuador and Peru (Osteocephalus vilmae
sp. n. and Osteocephalus cannatellai
sp. n.) and one is distributed in the Amazon region of southern Peru (Osteocephalus germani
sp. n.) We discuss the difficulties of using morphological characters to define species boundaries and propose a hypothesis to explain them. 相似文献
7.
Anna CC Aguiar Ananda C Cunha Isabela Penna Ceravolo Regina A Correia Gon?alves Arildo JB Oliveira Antoniana Ursine Krettli 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(7):906-913
Several species of Aspidosperma plants are used to treat diseases in
the tropics, including Aspidosperma ramiflorum, which acts against
leishmaniasis, an activity that is experimentally confirmed. The species, known as
guatambu-yellow, yellow peroba,
coffee-peroba andmatiambu, grows in the Atlantic
Forest of Brazil in the South to the Southeast regions. Through a guided
biofractionation of A. ramiflorum extracts, the plant activity
against Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in vitro for toxicity
towards human hepatoma G2 cells, normal monkey kidney cells and nonimmortalised human
monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Six of the seven extracts tested were
active at low doses (half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration < 3.8 µg/mL); the
aqueous extract was inactive. Overall, the plant extracts and the purified compounds
displayed low toxicity in vitro. A nonsoluble extract fraction and one purified
alkaloid isositsirikine (compound 5) displayed high selectivity indexes (SI) (= 56
and 113, respectively), whereas compounds 2 and 3 were toxic (SI < 10). The
structure, activity and low toxicity of isositsirikine in vitro are described here
for the first time in A. ramiflorum, but only the neutral and
precipitate plant fractions were tested for activity, which caused up to 53%
parasitaemia inhibition of Plasmodium berghei in mice with
blood-induced malaria. This plant species is likely to be useful in the further
development of an antimalarial drug, but its pharmacological evaluation is still
required. 相似文献
8.
Stoiba Spaeth, 1909 is revised with a phylogenetic analysis of 38 adult morphological characters for nine Stoiba species and 11 outgroup species (Mesomphaliini, Ischyrosonychini, and Hemisphaerotini). Four Cuban species of Stoiba were not sampled. Parsimony analysis located the four most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus (CI=0.59, RI=0.78, Steps=83) resolved the monophyly of Stoiba. The monophyly of Stoiba is supported by pale yellow antennae, antennomere VII broader than its length, and rounded basal line of pronotum. An illustrated key to ten species of Stoiba is provided along with a distribution map of 11 species. Stoiba rufa Blake is synonymized with Stoiba swartzii (Thunberg) by a morphological comparison which includes female genitalia. 相似文献
9.
A new species of the cryptic, minute, wingless, and enigmatic taxon Caurinus, and the second for the subfamily Caurininae,is described from Prince of Wales Island in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. It is distinguished from its only congener, Caurinus dectes Russell, 1979b, which occurs 1,059 km southeast in Oregon and Washington, based on external morphology and sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase II. These two species are probably evolutionary relicts – the only known members of a clade dating to the Late Jurassic or older. 相似文献
10.
Nil Rahola Jér?me Depaquit Boris Kevin Makanga Christophe Paupy 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(7):845-849
During a research project aimed at the study of the Culicinae fauna of Gabon and
carried out in the National Park of La Lopé, we captured an unknown sandfly male
specimen (genus Phlebotomus) by CDC miniature light trap
belonging to a new species for Science. Furthermore, the originality of his
genitalia does not allow us to include this species in one of the existing
subgenus, thus in this paper we propose the creation of a new subgenus, as
Phlebotomus (Legeromyia) multihamatus sp. nov., subg. nov.
described from the National Park of La Lopé, through one male captured with CDC
miniature light trap. A new species and a new subgenus of sandfly is
characterised by a short style with three spines, a paramere wearing a basal
hook as well as a basal pouch and the absence of basal lobe on the coxite. The
originality of the genitalia of the male gives way to discussion about potential
primary homologies between P. multihamatus sp. nov. and
Phlebotomus (Abonnencius) fortunatarum, Phlebotomus
(Anaphlebotomus) stantoni and Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus)
argentipes, which should be verified for future studies. The
discovery of this new species in Gabon must encourage the study of sandflies in
this country. 相似文献
11.
Stanislav Korenko Stefan Schmidt Martin Schwarz Gary A.P. Gibson Stano Pekár 《ZooKeys》2013,(262):1-15
Calymmochilus dispar Bouček & Andriescu (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Gelis apterus (Pontoppidan) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) are newly recorded as parasitoids of the ant-eating spider Zodarion styliferum (Simon) (Araneae, Zodariidae). The larvae of both parasitoid species fed on juvenile spiders. The final instar larva and pupa of Calymmochilus dispar and the male of Gelis apterus are described for the first time. Both species represent new distribution records for Portugal. The biology and host associations of the parasitoids are discussed. 相似文献
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13.
New data on the Pselaphodes complex of genera (Pselaphitae: Tyrini) from China is presented. The generic limits of Labomimus Sharp and Pselaphodes Westwood are discussed and expanded. A revised key to the genera of the Pselaphodes complex is provided. New geographic evidence suggests that previously believed wide-spread species Pselaphodes tianmuensis Yin, Li & Zhao contains a number of related species, resulting in a division of the species to nine separate taxa. Fourteen new species belonging to three genera are diagnosed, described and illustrated: Dayao emeiensis Yin & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), Labomimus fimbriatus Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Yunnan), Labomimus jizuensis Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Yunnan), Labomimus simplicipalpus Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Sichuan), Pselaphodes anhuianus Yin & Li, sp. n. (Anhui), Pselaphodes daii Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Sichuan), Pselaphodes grebennikovi Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Yunnan), Pselaphodes hainanensis Yin & Li, sp. n. (Hainan), Pselaphodes kuankuoshuiensis Yin & Li, sp. n. (Guizhou), Pselaphodes longilobus Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Hunbei, Yunnan), Pselaphodes monoceros Yin & Hlaváč, sp. n. (Xizang), Pselaphodes pengi Yin & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), Pselaphodes tiantongensis Yin & Li, sp. n. (Zhejiang) and Pselaphodes wrasei Yin & Li, sp. n. (Yunnan). Labomimus sichuanicus Hlaváč, Nomura & Zhou (Sichuan) is redescribed and illustrated based on a paratype and the material from the type locality. Two recently described species, Pselaphodes tibialis Yin & Li (Yunnan), and Pselaphodes venustus Yin & Li (Yunnan), are transferred to Labomimus (comb. n.) due to the presence of a median metaventral fovea. New locality data is provided for Pselaphodes aculeus Yin, Li & Zhao (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Pselaphodes maoershanus Yin & Li (Guangxi, Guizhou), Pselaphodes tianmuensis (Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi) and Pselaphodes pectinatus Yin, Li & Zhao (Hainan), with the aedeagus newly illustrated for the latter species. 相似文献
14.
Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas Francisco X Silva-Hernández Fabiola Mendoza-Damián Maria Dolores Ramírez-Hernández Karen Vázquez-Medina Lorena Widrobo-García Aremy Cuellar-Sanchez Raquel Mu?íz-Salazar Leonor Enciso-Moreno Lucia Monserrat Pérez-Navarro José Antonio Enciso-Moreno 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(6):718-723
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectocontagious respiratory disease caused by members
of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. A 7 base pair (bp)
deletion in the locus polyketide synthase
(pks)15/1 is described as polymorphic among members of the
M. tuberculosis complex, enabling the identification of
Euro-American, Indo-Oceanic and Asian lineages. The aim of this study was to
characterise this locus in TB isolates from Mexico. One hundred
twenty clinical isolates were recovered from the states of Veracruz and Estado
de Mexico. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a ± 400 bp fragment of the
locus pks15/1, while genotypic characterisation was
performed by spoligotyping. One hundred and fifty isolates contained the 7 bp
deletion, while five had the wild type locus. Lineages X (22%),
LAM (18%) and T (17%) were the most frequent; only three (2%) of the isolates
were identified as Beijing and two (1%) EAI-Manila. The wild type
pks15/1 locus was observed in all Asian lineage isolates
tested. Our results confirm the utility of locus pks15/1 as a
molecular marker for identifying Asian lineages of the M.
tuberculosis complex. This marker could be of great value in the
epidemiological surveillance of TB, especially in countries like Mexico, where
the prevalence of such lineages is unknown. 相似文献
15.
Thirty populations of Meloidogyne of diverse geographic origin representing 10 nominal species and various reproductive, cytological, and physiological forms known to exist in the genus were examined to determine their enzymatic relationships. The 184 bands resolved in the study of 27 enzymes were considered as independent characters. Pair-wise comparisons of populations were performed in all possible combinations to estimate the enzymatic distances (ED) and coefficients of similarity (S). A phylogenetic tree was constructed. The apomictic species M. arenaria, M. microcephala, M. javanica, and M. incognita shared a common lineage. M. arenaria was highly polytypic, whereas conspecific populations of M. javanica and M. incognita were largely monomorphic. The mitotic and meiotic forms of M. hapla were very similar (S = 0.93), suggesting that the apomictic race B evolved only recently from the meiotic race A. The five remaining meiotic species (M. chitwoodi, M. graminicola, M. graminis, M. microtyla, and M. naasi - each represented by a single population) were not closely related to each other or to the mitotic species. 相似文献
16.
Fernanda Aparecida Nieri-Bastos Marcos Gomes Lopes Paulo Henrique Duarte Can?ado Giselle Ayres Razera Rossa Jo?o Luiz Horácio Faccini Solange Maria Gennari Marcelo Bahia Labruna 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(2):259-261
Adult ticks of the species Amblyomma parvum were collected from the
vegetation in the Pantanal biome (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and from horses in the
Cerrado biome (state of Piauí) in Brazil. The ticks were
individually tested for rickettsial infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
targeting three rickettsial genes, gltA, ompA and
ompB. Overall, 63.5% (40/63) and 66.7% (2/3) of A.
parvum ticks from Pantanal and Cerrado, respectively, contained
rickettsial DNA, which were all confirmed by DNA sequencing to be 100% identical to
the corresponding fragments of the gltA, ompA and
ompB genes of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae.
This report is the first to describe Ca. R. andeanae in Brazil. 相似文献
17.
Adolfo Vásquez Trujillo Angélica E González Reina Agustín Góngora Orjuela Edgar Prieto Suárez Jairo Enrique Palomares Luz Stella Buitrago Alvarez 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(4):463-469
Lutzomyia antunesi has been commonly reported in outbreaks of
cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. The bionomics
of this species were studied in the municipality of Villavicencio (Meta,
Colombia). Sandflies were captured over the course of one week per month for one
year in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary housing areas.
The captures were performed from 06:00 pm-06:00 am using CDC light traps and the
females were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect
Leishmania spp. A total of 22,097 specimens and 19 species
were captured of which Lu. antunesi (89%) and Lutzomyia
walkeri (5%) were the most abundant. Other species recognised as
anthropophilic (Lutzomyia panamensis, Lutzomyia
gomezi, Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and
Lutzomyia fairtigi) were present in very low abundance
(< 2%). Natural infection with Leishmania spp was detected using PCR in
Lu. antunesi, Lu. panamensis and
Lu. flavicutellata, showing infection rates of 1%, 4.8% and
7.5%, respectively. The present paper provides information on various ecological
aspects of Lu. antunesi. An analysis of seasonality shows that
this species increases in abundance in the hottest months (December, January and
February), directly correlating with the maximum temperature and inversely
correlating with precipitation. The natural infection rate is associated with
the peaks of highest abundance. 相似文献
18.
Kazuo GOTO Eri KUWAYAMA Ryoko NOZU Masami UENO Nobuhito HAYASHIMOTO 《Experimental Animals》2015,64(2):191-197
In this study, hypochlorous acid solution, a weak acid, provided as drinking water to
rats, was evaluated for its ability to eradicate and prevent Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infection, while monitoring its simultaneous effect on serum
biochemical variables and microbiota in the rat cecum. The results suggest that the
solution could not eliminate the bacteria in the experimentally infected rats; however,
the administration of a 10-parts-per-million (ppm) hypochlorous acid solution as drinking
water was effective in inhibiting horizontal spread of P. aeruginosa
infection among cage mates. Additionally, exposure to hypochlorous solution did not have
any effect on serum biochemical variables of the rat including levels of total
cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total bilirubin, lipase, amylase, urea nitrogen, total
protein, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), except for potassium
(K) levels. The most frequently isolated bacteria in the rat cecum included species
belonging to Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus,
Clostridiales, Erysipelotrichaceae,
Akkermansia, Coriobacteriales, and
Firmicutes. The ratio of the terminal restriction fragment length
polymorphism (T-RFLP) peaks did not differ across rats administered with 5 and 10 ppm weak
acid solution as compared to the control group for any of the bacteria, except for
Erysipelotrichaceae and Firmicutes, where the ratio of
T-RFLP peaks was higher in the 5 ppm group for Erysipelotrichaceae and in
the 10 ppm group for Firmicutes than that in the control group
(P<0.01). The results suggest that the weak acid hypochlorous
solution could not eradicate P. aeruginosa completely from rats. The
solution was effective in preventing infection without affecting serum biochemical
variables; however, some of bacterial microbiota may have changed due to administration of
the solution. 相似文献
19.
Thefirst-instar nymph and the adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) are described and illustrated. This species is compared with Kermes vermilio Planchon, a morphologically similar species known in the Palaeractic region. 相似文献
20.
Species of the shore-fly genus Gymnoclasiopa Hendel from the New World are revised, including Gymnoclasiopa grecorum
sp. n. (Alaska. Juneau: Gastineau Channel, Thane Road (S Juneau; 58°16.9''N, 134°22.4''W)) and Gymnoclasiopa matanuska sp. n. (Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna: Palmer (Matanuska River; 61°36.5''N, 149°04.1''W)). We also clarify the status of previously described species, including those now discovered to have Holarctic distributions and/or for which sexual dimorphism was not appreciated and the species was described twice, including Gymnoclasiopa montana (Cresson) as a syn. n. of Gymnoclasiopa bohemanni (Becker). Two species, Gymnoclasiopa bella (Mathis), comb. n., and Gymnoclasiopa chiapas (Mathis), comb. n., are transferred from Ditrichophora to Gymnoclasiopa, and Gymnoclasiopa cana Cresson stat. rev. and Ditrichophora canifrons Cresson, stat. rev. are returned to Ditrichophora, the genus in which Cresson originally described them. A neotype is designated for Gymnoclasiopa tacoma to stabilize the nomenclature of this species. The two excluded species, Ditrichophora cana and Ditrichophora canifrons, are diagnosed and distributional data are also provided. For all known New World species of Gymnoclasiopa, structures of the male terminalia are described for the first time and are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps are also included. To provide context and also to facilitate identification, diagnoses are included for the tribe Discocerinini and genus in addition to a key to the genera and species occurring in the New World. 相似文献