长江大堤上黑翅土白蚁的地面活动与其巢位的关系

根据1961年3—4月在长江大堤上观察黑翅土白蚁的地面活动与地下蚁巢位置的关系,知道蚁巢上方地面,一般具有一块直径3米大的白蚁活动区域,在春季以每半个月调查一次,连续四次调查中,至少有三次发现白蚁在此区域内活动,可称为“常现区”。这种“常现区”,常与地下巢位十分接近;给黑翅土白蚁巢位判断上提供了便利的目标。白蚁的一个单独活动点(泥被、泥线),一般不能作为巢位判断的根据。     

应用分群孔分布图象判断巢位技术中出现的差误商榷

<正> 在应用黑翅土白蚁的分群孔分布图象判断主巢方位技术中,在论出现误差之前,必须再进一步明确该项技术研究成果的条件和适用范围(详见李栋等1983昆虫学报26(1):30。 该项研究是在正常的特定堤坝环境条件(未经加高培厚)下进行的,因此,鉴定的黑翅土白蚁的分群孔分布图象判断巢位技术成果,也只能适用于未经加高培厚的匀质土堤坝上。     

灌浆固堤时怎样寻找黑翅土白蚁的巢位

黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(Shirki)是我国南方诸省土质水利工程的严重害虫,它的巢系结构破坏堤坝,常常酿成灾难.本研究说明巢位真菌指示物的生长条件,利用巢位指示物进行灌浆加固堤坝,取得非常理想的效果.     

c-fos蛋白在白蚁婚飞时脑中免疫组织化学定位观察(简报)

在原癌基因家族中有一类可以被第二信使诱导的原癌基因,它们能对神经递质、激素等刺激作出反应进行表达,这类基因称为即刻早基因(imme- diate-early gene,IEG)。c-fos就是其中重要的一种即刻早基因。目前已经证实哺乳动物的性行为与其脑中的c-fos表达有关,c-fos特异性表达被认为是研究性行为时脑部神经细胞活动的重要指征,Joppa 等人用此方法已经在鼠、仓鼠脑中定位出与性行为有关的神经活动区域。c-fos在昆虫的脑中也有表达,但有关昆虫性行为时的脑部神经细胞c-fos表达未见有报道。婚飞是白蚁重要的性行为,婚飞行为是否像哺乳动物那样与脑部神经细胞c-fos表达有关呢?因此本文研究的目的是:(1)用免疫细胞化学方法检测雌、雄繁殖蚁婚飞时脑中是否有c-fos特异性表达。(2)研究c-fos在白蚁脑中的精确定位,了解与其性行为有关的脑部神经活动区域。(3)为进一步推测c-fos在白蚁婚飞中可能的作用及婚飞的分子调节机制提供依据。     

黑翅土白蚁蚁巢定位的研究

黑翅土白蚁[Odontotermes formosanus(shiraki)]又名黑翅大白蚁、台湾黑翅大白蚁,分布于华东、华中和西南各省,为害杉木、马尾松、油橄榄、油茶、樟、楝、刺槐、黄檀、板栗、麻栎等多种林木。开展挖巢灭蚁,施用药物和烟剂是防冶黑翅土白蚁的有效措施,但困难的是如何正确判定巢位,我们在教学结合生产的过程中,挖掘了大量蚁巢,从中解剖了十七个主巢,发现蚁巢定位的某些规律,并初步摸索蚁巢定位的一些方法。     

利用放射性同位素碘标记法研究黑翅土白蚁的取食活动

前言 黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(shiraki)是我国南方诸省的水库和堤围土坝的主要危害昆虫。蔡邦华等(1965)报道过黑翅土白蚁在大堤上的地面活动规律。本文利用放射性同位素碘~(131)标记法研究黑翅土白蚁在水库土坝上的取食活动量与温度和湿度的关系,为防治提供依据。 方法 在广州市郊区沙田水库土坝上的背水坡中位线上设引诱坑(40×35×40厘米),坑内层层置放黑翅     

湖北地区家白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki移殖飞翔条件的初步探讨

移殖飞翔是白蚁传播的主要方法,正确掌握它的出飞条件、规律,在防治实践上有相当大的意义。目前由于各地气候不同,对家白蚁分群时间各说不一。历年来我在防治白蚁工作中,初步进行了一些观察,提出供大家参考。 一.繁殖蚁在出巢前的情况 湖北省一年四季有明显的温差。白蚁活动规律民间有“来得明(清明节)”,“去得白(白露节)”的说法。每年11月到次年3月中旬是白蚁越冬归巢集结时期。巢内温度虽在“数九寒冬”还是很高的。气温16℃时,     

近歪白蚁属一新种和新纪录(等翅目:白蚁科:白蚁亚科)

近歪白蚁属Pericapritermes是意大利昆虫学家Silvestri(1914—15)定名的。在以前Snyder(1949)和Emerson(1955)的报告中仅在非洲发现。Krishna(1965)把原产印度—马来亚地区的歪白蚁属Capritermes许多种重新组合成Pericapritermes属。本属兵蚁的主要特征:上颚强烈不对称,左上颚非常扭曲,上唇前缘平直,左上颚顶端宽,前缘倾斜或较圆钝(印度马来亚地区产歪白蚁属Capritermes左上颚顶端窄,呈尖狭状。)     

普通鳾的巢位选择和繁殖成功巢特征

普通对巢位具有选择性,利用树种共7种,利用率不同,利用树洞类型有两种,啄洞利用率高,结洞低。洞口朝向在西至西偏北45°方向的树洞利用率最低,其它方向差异不大。洞口处树的直径、洞口纵径、洞内径、洞深和洞周围10m范围,树的密度5个巢位变量在利用和未利用树洞之间差异极显著(P<001),洞口横径,洞口处树干与垂直方向夹角和洞口方向90°角10m范围树的密度差异显著(P<005),其余变量差异不显著(P>005)。23巢平均窝卵数778±095,孵化率8994%,出飞率9627%。30个巢中成功巢和失败巢的11个巢位特征比较发现,洞高和洞口方向90°角10m范围内树的密度差异极显著,洞口纵径和洞口横径差异显著,其余变量差异不显著。     

温度、湿度、气压对截头堆砂白蚁原始繁殖蚁分飞的影响

经三年的室内试验观察,探讨了截头堆砂白蚁Cryptotermes domesticus(Haviland)原始繁殖蚁的分飞与温度、湿度、气压的关系.结果表明,该种白蚁分飞时适应的温度、湿度、气压范围较广,分飞时温度一般在25℃～30℃,相对湿度介于70%～90%,气压幅度在999百帕(hPa)～1006百帕(hPa)之间.温度在27℃～30℃之间较适宜,该种白蚁分飞次数较多,其中,28℃～29℃分飞次数最多,占总分飞次数的48.89%.相对湿度在70%～85%范围内分飞次数较多,其中相对湿度在75%～80%范围内分飞次数最多,占总分飞次数的35.35%.气压在1003百帕(hPa)～1005百帕(hPa)之间分飞次数较多,其中气压在1004百帕(hPa)～1005百帕(hPa)之间分飞次数最多,占总分飞次数的35.59%.     

台湾乳白蚁跟踪信息素粗提物活性与应用研究

台湾乳白蚁是我国为害最凶的一种白蚁。对它的防治早就引起国内外白蚁工作者的广泛重视。目前越来越多的做法是将“诱”与“杀”两个步骤合二为一。也有许多学者已将白蚁的跟踪信息素用于白蚁的诱集上作了研究。本文介绍了台湾乳白蚁跟踪信息素粗提物生物活性,包含信息素的提取、跟踪反应、引诱效应、感受距离测定,以及在台湾乳白蚁防治上的实际应用等。     

台湾乳白蚁种群兵蚁量度特征变异及其分类学意义分析

台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus是我国南方木材及其建筑结构最主要的有害白蚁,也是世界重要的入侵性物种。台湾乳白蚁兵蚁品级的量度特征是其描述鉴定的重要依据,本文对台湾乳白蚁兵蚁主要量度特征数据进行了整合,并就台湾乳白蚁11个地理种群兵蚁品级的主要量度特征进行了比较,探讨了台湾乳白蚁相应量度特征的分类学意义。     

Tunneling and mortality of eastern and Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in sand treated with thiamethoxam or fipronil

Thiamethoxam and fipronil were examined for their termiticidal properties against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Concentrations > or =8 ppm thiamethoxam and > or =1 ppm fipronil provided an effective barrier against C. formosanus and R. flavipes. Sand was penetrated to some degree at all concentrations of thiamethoxam (0-800 ppm for C. formosanus and 0-1000 ppm for R. flavipes) and fipronil (0-64 ppm for both C. formosanus and R. flavipes) tested, indicating that both termiticides are nonrepellent. Thiamethoxam was found to be more toxic against C. formosanus than R. flavipes whereas fipronil showed similar toxicity for both species. Higher mortality prevented termites from penetrating the entire 5-cm segment of treated sand.     

Cuticular permeability of two species of Coptotermes Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Cuticular permeability (CP) values of worker and soldier castes of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes vastator Light were determined using gravimetric techniques. Comparisons were made between castes, species, and between colonies of C. formosanus and C. vastator. CP values did not differ among either species or colony, however they did differ between castes. Data reported here and that of established data in the literature for C. formosanus are inconsistent, with the current report having values as small as half that of previously published data. Examining mean CP data by colony indicated that there is a range for Coptotermes spp. termites, from 6.84+/-1.2 to 25.61+/-1.49 microg H(2)Ocm(-2)mmHg(-1)h(-1) dependent upon caste. A novel method of examining intercaste CP variability is the use of worker:soldier CP ratios. Ratios for C. formosanus were consistent between the current study and previous reports. Mean percentage total body water (%TBW) lost at the time of death was 33.75+/-1.15% (soldiers) and 54.24+/-1.43% (workers) for C. formosanus, and 37.69+/-3.31% (soldiers) and 52.87+/-3.65% (workers) for C. vastator. Consistently, %TBW (and fresh mass) was greater in worker than in soldier castes. These data suggest the use of water storage mechanisms in worker termites, as shown for other rhinotermitids.     

Use of a bait impact index to assess effects of bait application against populations of Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a large area

The effects of bait applications on the overall activity of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in a town of 1.2 km2 were assessed between 2001 and 2003 by using a bait impact index. The index incorporated the amount of baits applied and the distance between bait application loci and the monitoring stations from which termite activity was measured. Even with the collaboration of only 35% of the residents and incomplete treatment records, the bait impact index demonstrated that more baits applied in proximity to monitoring loci significantly caused the decline of C. formosanus activity.     

不同pH值土层对台湾乳白蚁穿透力及取食的影响

我国有400多种白蚁,它们主要分布在华南一带,常见危害种台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki是危害房屋建筑、林木果树的主要害虫。为摸清不同pH土壤与台湾乳白蚁生存和取食的关系,测定pH1.7～10.8的黄粘土泥层对台湾乳白蚁活动和取食的影响。结果表明,台湾乳白蚁能快速穿透pH3.0～10.1范围的泥层,进入泥层中心取食木块;随着泥层pH值的增加穿透力减弱,取食量减少。采用逐步回归方程预测,台湾乳白蚁不能进入土层蛀蚀木块的土壤pH范围为<1.85和>10.91。     

Resistance of insecticide-treated foam board insulation against the eastern subterranean termite and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Three foam board types, one untreated control, one containing 2,000 ppm disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT), and one containing 1,000 ppm deltamethrin, were exposed to field populations of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. There was no significant difference in termite damage between foam boards treated with 2,000 ppm DOT and the untreated control. Form boards containing 1,000 ppm deltamethrin were not damaged by R. flavipes, whereas only minor damage occurred after exposure to C. formosanus.     

台湾乳白蚁与赭黄乳白蚁的异名关系---基于形态与分子特征的分析(等翅目：鼻白蚁科）

乳白蚁属Coptotermes是鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae最具经济意义的属之一,其中的台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shriaki分布广、适应性强,个体在不同种群以及不同巢龄间外部形态存在明显变异,已报道多个同物异名。本研究发现在模式产地重新采集到经形态学鉴定为赭黄乳白蚁Coptotermes ochraceus Ping et Xu的标本,其形态特征与台湾乳白蚁相似度较高,又以线粒体16S rRNA和CO II基因作为分子标记,将两者进行了序列比对,并与美国国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI)中台湾乳白蚁以及其他一些乳白蚁种类的相应序列一起进行了遗传差异比较和同源性分析。结果表明,台湾乳白蚁与赭黄乳白蚁16S rRNA和CO II序列的遗传差异均明显小于台湾乳白蚁与属内其它种之间的差异;在基于两种分子标记构建的支序图中,台湾乳白蚁和赭黄乳白蚁均聚为一支,并得到了很高的自展支持率。综合分子和形态两方面的证据,本研究建议赭黄乳白蚁为台湾乳白蚁的次异名。     

黑翅土白蚁与其它二种白蚁种群间的相容性

将黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki)与另外2个种群的白蚁按一定比例放置于同一培养皿中观察其斗争情况,研究黑翅土白蚁与台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus(Shiraki)和黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensisSnyder的相容性。结果表明,实验一开始,双方的工蚁和兵蚁都立即进入激烈的嘶咬斗争,在不同配比下,开始5min内的斗争次数均在40次左右,5h后开始5min内的斗争次数陡然下降,几乎不发生争斗。各种群白蚁在其数量占优势的情况下均表现出显著的斗争优势;而在双方数量相当时,黑翅土白蚁工蚁的斗争能力明显强于另外2个种群的工蚁。结果表明,自然界中不可能出现黑翅土白蚁与家白蚁和黑胸散白蚁群体的偶然性融合,黑翅土白蚁很可能在其群体建立的地区中占据优势。     

Effect of tolerance to insecticides on substrate penetration by Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Seven selected insecticides were applied to three substrates and bioassayed for barrier efficacy and toxicity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, originating from colonies that differed in their tolerance to the insecticides. A profound substrate effect was seen with all insecticides tested. Sand was the most difficult substrate to penetrate and caused faster and greater mortality of C. formosanus. Increased tolerance in C. formosanus was accompanied by a decrease in penetration of treated substrata with chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin. The opposite was true in the case of permethrin and bendiocarb. More tolerance C. formosanus displayed decreased mortality in the presence of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and fipronil. The opposite was true for permethrin.