共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Liyan Wang Xia Meng Dongyue Yang Nana Ma Guodong Wang Qingwei Meng 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(9):1441-1451
Key message
The overexpression of tomato GDP- l -galactose phosphorylase gene enhanced tolerance to chilling stress and reduced photoinhibition of photosystems I and II in transgenic tobacco.Abstract
Chilling stress is a crucial factor that limits the geographical distribution and yield of chilling-sensitive plants. Ascorbate (AsA) protects plants by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reduces photoinhibition by promoting the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin in the xanthophyll cycle to dissipate excess excitation energy. Possible mechanisms of AsA for plant photoprotection under chilling stress were investigated by isolating the tomato GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase gene (SlGGP) and producing transgenic tobacco plants with overexpression of SlGGP. The transgenic plants subjected to chilling stress accumulated less H2O2, demonstrated lower levels of ion leakage and malondialdehyde, and acquired higher net photosynthetic rate, higher maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and higher D1 protein content compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. The transgenic plants subjected to chilling stress also showed higher GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase activity, increased AsA content as well as ascorbate peroxidase and oxidizable P700 activities than WT plants. Thus, SlGGP overexpression is crucial in promoting AsA synthesis and alleviating photoinhibition of two photosystems. 相似文献2.
3.
Laura Milazzo Anna Maria Peri Cristina Mazzali Romualdo Grande Chiara Cazzani Davide Ricaboni Antonio Castelli Ferdinando Raimondi Carlo Magni Massimo Galli Spinello Antinori 《Mycopathologia》2014,178(3-4):227-241
Background
Candida species represent the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide. However, candidaemia rates and species involved vary geographically.Objectives
To evaluate the epidemiological pattern, risk factors for mortality and antifungal therapy of Candida BSI over a 5-year period (2008–2012) in a university hospital in northern Italy together with a review of the recent literature concerning candidaemia.Methods
A retrospective cohort study cross-linked with microbiology database was performed.Results
A total of 89 Candida BSI were identified in 42 males (47 %) and 47 females (52.8 %). The median age was 69 years (interquartile range 55–78) with 61.8 % of patients being older than 65 years. Considering all hospitalized patients, the overall incidence rate of candidaemia increased significantly from 2008 to 2012 (from 0.4 to 1.68 episodes per 10,000 patient/days) (p = 0.0001) with a mean linear increase in 5 new cases per year. Candida albicans was the predominant species isolated (64 %) followed by C. glabrata (19.1 %). The latter species was observed with significantly higher frequency in Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Units (ICU). In-hospital crude mortality was 41.6 %.Conclusions
Candidaemia is an increasing BSI in our university hospital, in accordance with that observed in northern Italy, and it is still associated with high in-hospital crude mortality. 相似文献4.
Hyo Jin Kang Young-mi Lee Yu-Jin Jeong Kyoungsook Park Mi Jang Sung Goo Park Kwang-Hee Bae Moonil Kim Sang J Chung 《BMC biotechnology》2008,8(1):1-8
Background
Combination of CHD (chromo-helicase-DNA binding protein)-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with electrophoresis (PCR/electrophoresis) is the most common avian molecular sexing technique but it is lab-intensive and gel-required. Gender determination often fails when the difference in length between the PCR products of CHD-Z and CHD-W genes is too short to be resolved.Results
Here, we are the first to introduce a PCR-melting curve analysis (PCR/MCA) to identify the gender of birds by genomic DNA, which is gel-free, quick, and inexpensive. Spilornis cheela hoya (S. c. hoya) and Pycnonotus sinensis (P. sinensis) were used to illustrate this novel molecular sexing technique. The difference in the length of CHD genes in S. c. hoya and P. sinensis is 13-, and 52-bp, respectively. Using Griffiths' P2/P8 primers, molecular sexing failed both in PCR/electrophoresis of S. c. hoya and in PCR/MCA of S. c. hoya and P. sinensis. In contrast, we redesigned sex-specific primers to yield 185- and 112-bp PCR products for the CHD-Z and CHD-W genes of S. c. hoya, respectively, using PCR/MCA. Using this specific primer set, at least 13 samples of S. c. hoya were examined simultaneously and the Tm peaks of CHD-Z and CHD-W PCR products were distinguished.Conclusion
In this study, we introduced a high-throughput avian molecular sexing technique and successfully applied it to two species. This new method holds a great potential for use in high throughput sexing of other avian species, as well. 相似文献5.
6.
Genetic variation in wild Prunus L. subgen. Cerasus germplasm from Iran characterized by nuclear and chloroplast SSR markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abdollah Khadivi-Khub Zabihollah Zamani Reza Fattahi Ana Wünsch 《Trees - Structure and Function》2014,28(2):471-485
Key message
The selected material of Cerasus subgen. will be useful for conservation and management and important for Prunus breeding programs.Abstract
Knowledge of relationships among the cultivated and wild species of Cerasus is important for recognizing gene pools in germplasm and developing effective conservation and management strategies. In this study, genetic and phylogenetic relationships of wild Cerasus subgenus species naturally growing in Iran, including P. avium (mazzard), P. mahaleb, P. brachypetala, P. incana, P. yazdiana, P. microcarpa subsp. microcarpa, P. microcarpa subsp. diffusa and P. pseudoprostrata and three commercial species, sweet cherry (P. avium), sour cherry (P. cerasus) and duke cherry (P. x gondouinii) was investigated based on 16 nuclear SSR and five chloroplast SSR. Very high level of polymorphism was detected among the studied species based these molecular markers, indicating high inter and intraspecific genetic variation. Inter and intraspecific genetic similarity coefficients varied from 0.00 to 1.00, indicating high genetic variation in studied germplasm. These two molecular markers types could distinguish differences between all species so that accessions of each species were placed into a single group. Based on molecular markers, a close correlation was observed between intraspecific variation and geographical distribution. Furthermore, based on nuSSR primers, most wild species showed 2–4 alleles and may be tetraploid. In conclusion, the conservation of these highly diverse native populations of Iranian wild Cerasus germplasm is recommended for future breeding activity. 相似文献7.
Cédric Moisy Alan H. Schulman Ruslan Kalendar Jan P. Buchmann Frédérique Pelsy 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(5):1223-1235
Key message
Combining several different approaches, we have examined the structure, variability, and distribution of Tvv1 retrotransposons. Tvv1 is an unusual example of a low-copy retrotransposon metapopulation dispersed unevenly among very distant species and is promising for the development of molecular markers.Abstract
Retrotransposons are ubiquitous throughout the genomes of the vascular plants, but individual retrotransposon families tend to be confined to the level of plant genus or at most family. This restricts the general applicability of a family as molecular markers. Here, we characterize a new plant retrotransposon named Tvv1_Sdem, a member of the Copia superfamily of LTR retrotransposons, from the genome of the wild potato Solanum demissum. Comparative analyses based on structure and sequence showed a high level of similarity of Tvv1_Sdem with Tvv1-VB, a retrotransposon previously described in the grapevine genome Vitis vinifera. Extending the analysis to other species by in silico and in vitro approaches revealed the presence of Tvv1 family members in potato, tomato, and poplar genomes, and led to the identification of full-length copies of Tvv1 in these species. We were also able to identify polymorphism in UTL sequences between Tvv1_Sdem copies from wild and cultivated potatoes that are useful as molecular markers. Combining different approaches, our results suggest that the Tvv1 family of retrotransposons has a monophyletic origin and has been maintained in both the rosids and the asterids, the major clades of dicotyledonous plants, since their divergence about 100 MYA. To our knowledge, Tvv1 represents an unusual plant retrotransposon metapopulation comprising highly similar members disjointedly dispersed among very distant species. The twin features of Tvv1 presence in evolutionarily distant genomes and the diversity of its UTL region in each species make it useful as a source of robust molecular markers for diversity studies and breeding. 相似文献8.
Julie Orjuela François Sabot Sophie Chéron Yves Vigouroux Hélène Adam Harold Chrestin Kayode Sanni Mathias Lorieux Alain Ghesquière 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(10):2211-2223
Key message
We present here the first curated collection of wild and cultivated African rice species. For that, we designed specific SNPs and were able to structure these very low diverse species.Abstract
Oryza glaberrima, the cultivated African rice, is endemic from Africa. This species and its direct ancestor, O. barthii, are valuable tool for improvement of Asian rice O. sativa in terms of abiotic and biotic stress resistance. However, only a few limited studies about the genetic diversity of these species were performed. In the present paper, and for the first time at such extend, we genotyped 279 O. glaberrima, selected both for their impact in current breeding and for their geographical distribution, and 101 O. barthii, chosen based on their geographic origin, using a set of 235 SNPs specifically designed for African rice diversity. Using those data, we were able to structure the individuals from our sample in three populations for O. barthii, related to geography, and two populations in O. glaberrima; these two last populations cannot be linked however to any currently phenotyped trait. Moreover, we were also able to identify misclassification in O. glaberrima as well as in O. barthii and identified new form of O. sativa from the set of African varieties. 相似文献9.
Background and aims
Members of the genus Pseudomonas are common inhabitants of rhizospheres and soils, and it is known that soil types and crop species influence their population density and structure. 20?×?106 ha are cultivated under no-tillage in Argentina and there is a need to find new biologically-based soil quality indexes to distinguish between sustainable and non-sustainable agricultural practices. Pseudomonads abundance and community structure were analyzed in no-till soils with different agricultural practices, in productive fields along 400 km of Argentinean Pampas.Methods
We sampled soils and root systems from agricultural plots in which sustainable or non-sustainable agricultural practices have been applied. Samples were collected in summer and winter during 2010 and 2011. Culturable fluorescent and total pseudomonads were enumerated by plating on Gould’s selective medium S1. Colonies from these plates served as DNA source to carry out PCR-RFLP community structure analysis of the pseudomonads-specific marker genes oprF and gacA.Results
Abundance of total and fluorescent culturable pseudomonads in bulk soils was influenced by seasonal changes and agricultural practices. Rhizospheric counts from the same crop were affected by agricultural treatments. Also, crop species influenced pseudomonads density in the rhizosphere. Combined PCR-RFLP profile of both genes showed a seasonal grouping of samples.Conclusions
Sustainable soil management seems to promote pseudomonads development in soils, favoring root colonization of crops from those plots. Crop species influence total pseudomonads load of rhizospheres and its community structure. Total or relative pseudomonads load could function as soil quality indicator of good agricultural practices. 相似文献10.
11.
Wing-Yee Liu Jin-Ho Kang Hyeon-Seok Jeong Hye-Jeong Choi Hee-Bum Yang Ki-Taek Kim Doil Choi Gyung Ja Choi Molly Jahn Byoung-Cheorl Kang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(11):2503-2513
Key message
Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using Affymetrix GeneChips revealed candidate genes underlying the major QTL for Phytophthora capsici resistance in Capsicum . Using the candidate genes, reliable markers for Phytophthora resistance were developed and validated.Abstract
Phytophthora capsici L. is one of the most destructive pathogens of pepper (Capsicum spp.). Resistance of pepper against P. capsici is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), including a major QTL on chromosome 5 that is the predominant contributor to resistance. Here, to maximize the effect of this QTL and study its underlying genes, an F2 population and recombinant inbred lines were inoculated with P. capsici strain JHAI1-7 zoospores at a low concentration (3 × 103/mL). Resistance phenotype segregation ratios for the populations fit a 3:1 and 1:1 (resistant:susceptible) segregation model, respectively, consistent with a single dominant gene model. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using Affymetrix GeneChips revealed a single position polymorphism (SPP) marker mapping to the major QTL. When this SPP marker (Phyto5SAR) together with other SNP markers located on chromosome 5 was used to confirm the position of the major QTL, Phyto5SAR showed the highest LOD value at the QTL. A scaffold sequence (scaffold194) containing Phyto5SAR was identified from the C. annuum genome database. The scaffold contained two putative NBS-LRR genes and one SAR 8.2A gene as candidates for contributing to P. capsici resistance. Markers linked to these genes were developed and validated by testing 100 F1 commercial cultivars. Among the markers, Phyto5NBS1 showed about 90 % accuracy in predicting resistance phenotypes to a low-virulence P. capsici isolate. These results suggest that Phyto5NBS1 is a reliable marker for P. capsici resistance and can be used for identification of a gene(s) underlying the major QTL on chromosome 5. 相似文献12.
P. Moraga-Suazo L. Orellana P. Quiroga C. Balocchi E. Sanfuentes R. W. Whetten R. Hasbún S. Valenzuela 《Trees - Structure and Function》2014,28(6):1823-1835
Key message
The heritability of genetic resistance of radiata pine against Fusarium circinatum was not clear. We demonstrated that there are at least 3 QTLs that could be involved in this resistance/susceptibility.Abstract
A genetic linkage map was developed for Pinus radiata, using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Selective Amplification of Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci (SAMPL), and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers, based on a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy, using 86 individuals of a F1 full-sib family and 787 molecular markers for genotyping. Linkage analysis generated a map of medium to high density for each parent, with 1,060 and 1,258 cM for parents XO and XP, respectively. A total of 458 markers were mapped on 12 linkage groups (LG) in XO and XP, which equals the number of haploid chromosomes present in P. radiata. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance against pitch canker disease caused by Fusarium circinatum was made using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). In the XO parental map, two groups (LG-1 and LG-9) showed high probabilities for one or more QTLs. Only one group (LG-9) in the XP parental map showed probability for one or more QTLs. The results indicate that resistance to pitch canker is inherited from both parents. These results provide the basis for further studies focused on structure, evolution, and function of the P. radiata genome. 相似文献13.
14.
15.
Albino midrib 1, encoding a putative potassium efflux antiporter,affects chloroplast development and drought tolerance in rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Peike Sheng Junjie Tan Mingna Jin Fuqing Wu Kunneng Zhou Weiwei Ma Yueqin Heng Jiulin Wang Xiuping Guo Xin Zhang Zhijun Cheng Linglong Liu Chunming Wang Xuanming Liu Jianmin Wan 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(9):1581-1594
Key message
Mutation of the AM1 gene causes an albino midrib phenotype and enhances tolerance to drought in riceAbstract
K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) genes encode putative potassium efflux antiporters that are mainly located in plastid-containing organisms, ranging from lower green algae to higher flowering plants. However, little genetic evidence has been provided on the functions of KEA in chloroplast development. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant, albino midrib 1 (am1), with green- and white-variegation in the first few leaves, and albino midrib phenotype in older tissues. We found that AM1 encoded a putative KEA in chloroplast. AM1 was highly expressed in leaves, while lowly in roots. Chloroplast gene expression and proteins accumulation were affected during chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in am1 mutants. Interestingly, AM1 was induced by salt and PEG, and am1 showed enhanced sensitivity to salinity in seed germination and increased tolerance to drought. Taken together, we concluded that KEAs were involved in chloroplast development and played important roles in drought tolerance. 相似文献16.
Yan Zhang Xingfen Wang Yiyi Li Lizhu Wu Hongmei Zhou Guiyin Zhang Zhiying Ma 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(11):1703-1713
Key message
Overexpression of a cotton defense-related gene GbSTK in Arabidopsis resulted in enhancing pathogen infection and oxidative stress by activating multiple defense-signaling pathways.Abstract
Serine/threonine protein kinase (STK) plays an important role in the plant stress-signaling transduction pathway via phosphorylation. Most studies about STK genes have been conducted with model species. However, their molecular and biochemical characterizations have not been thoroughly investigated in cotton. Here, we focused on one such member, GbSTK. RT-PCR indicated that it is induced not only by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., but also by signaling molecules. Subcellular localization showed that GbSTK is present in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Overexpression of GbSTK in Arabidopsis resulted into the enhanced resistance to V. dahliae. Moreover, Overexpression of GbSTK elevated the expression of PR4, PR5, and EREBP, conferring on transgenic plants enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and oxidative stress tolerance. Our results suggest that GbSTK is active in multiple defense-signaling pathways, including those involved in responses to pathogen infection and oxidative stress. 相似文献17.
Ganggang Guo Dawa Dondup Xingmiao Yuan Fanghong Gu Deliang Wang Fengchao Jia Zhiping Lin Michael Baum Jing Zhang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(10):2095-2103
Key message
Identification and allele-specific marker development of a functional SNP of HvLox - 1 which associated with barley lipoxygenase activity.Abstract
Improving the stability of the flavor of beer is one of the main objectives in breeding barley for malting, and lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) is a key enzyme controlling this trait. In this study, a modified LOX activity assay was used for null LOX-1 mutant screening. Four barley landraces with no detected level of LOX-1 activity were screened from 1,083 barley germplasm accessions from China. The genomic sequence diversity of the HvLox-1 gene of the four null LOX-1 Chinese landraces was compared with that of a further 76 accessions. A total of 104 nucleotide polymorphisms were found, which contained 83 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 7 multiple-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 14 insertions and deletions. Most notably, we found a rare C/G mutation (SNP-61) in the second intron which led to null LOX-1 activity through an altered splicing acceptor site. In addition, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction marker was developed for the genotyping of SNP-61, which could be used in breeding programs for barley to be used for malting. The objective was to improve beer quality. 相似文献18.
Zhuo Wang Suzhen Huang Caihong Jia Juhua Liu Jianbin Zhang Biyu Xu Zhiqiang Jin 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(9):1373-1380
Key message
Three tau class MaGSTs responded to abiotic stress, MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1 responded to signaling molecules, they may play an important role in the growth of banana plantlet.Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including stress responses. In this study, we report the molecular characteristics of five GST genes (MaGSTU1, MaGSTU2, MaGSTU3, MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1) cloned from banana (Musa acuminate L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) using a RACE-PCR-based strategy. The predicted molecular masses of these GSTs range from 23.4 to 27.7 kDa and their pIs are acidic. At the amino acid level, they share high sequence similarity with GSTs in the banana DH-Pahang (AA group) genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequences of MaGSTs also have high similarity to GSTs of other plant species. Expression analysis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that these genes are differentially expressed in various tissues. In addition, their expression is regulated by various stress conditions, including exposure to signaling molecules, cold, salinity, drought and Fusarium oxysporum f specialis(f. Sp) cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) infection. The expression of the tau class MaGSTs (MaGSTU1, MaGSTU2 and MaGSTU3) mainly responded to cold, salinity and drought while MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1 expressions were upregulated by signaling molecules. Our findings suggest that MaGSTs play a key role in both development and abiotic stress responses. 相似文献19.
Young-Pyo Lee Youngcho Cho Sunggil Kim 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(10):2243-2252
Key message
We utilized a combination of BSA and RNA-Seq to identify SNPs linked to the Rfd1 locus, a restorer-of-fertility gene in radish. A high-density linkage map was constructed using this approach.Abstract
Male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterility conditioned by the Dongbu cytoplasmic and genic male-sterility cytoplasm can be restored by a restorer-of-fertility locus, Rfd1, in radish. To construct a high-density linkage map and to identify a candidate gene for the Rfd1 locus, bulked segregant analysis and RNA-seq approaches were combined. A total of 26 and 28 million reads produced from male-fertile and male-sterile bulked RNA were mapped to the radish reference unigenes. After stringent screening of SNPs, 327 reliable SNPs of 109 unigenes were selected. Arabidopsis homologs for 101 of the 109 genes were clustered around the 4,000 kb region of Arabidopsis chromosome 3, which was syntenic to the Rfd1 flanking region. Since the reference unigene set was incomplete, the contigs were de novo assembled to identify 134 contigs harboring SNPs. Most of SNP-containing contigs were also clustered on the same syntenic region in Arabidopsis chromosome. A total of 21 molecular markers positioned within a 2.1 cM interval including the Rfd1 locus were developed, based on the selected unigenes and contigs. A segregating population consisting of 10,459 individuals was analyzed to identify recombinants containing crossovers within this interval. A total of 284 identified recombinants were then used to construct a high-density map, which delimited the Rfd1 locus into an 83-kb syntenic interval of Arabidopsis chromosome 3. Since no candidate gene, such as a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-coding gene, was found in this interval, 231 unigenes and 491 contigs containing putative PPR motifs were analyzed further, but no PPR gene in linkage disequilibrium with the Rfd1 locus could be found. 相似文献20.
Yingzhen Yang Joanne A. Labate Zhenchang Liang Peter Cousins Bernard Prins John E. Preece Mallikarjuna Aradhya Gan-Yuan Zhong 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(11):2433-2451