沉默DEPDC1抑制鼻咽癌细胞HNE-1和CNE-1侵袭迁移

DEPDC1(DEP domain containing 1)是一个新的肿瘤相关基因,在多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展进程中起着重要作用。我们前期工作中在鼻咽癌细胞内沉默了DEPDC1的表达,发现抑制细胞增殖并诱发细胞凋亡。本研究旨在探讨沉默DEPDC1表达后,对鼻咽癌细胞HNE-1和CNE-1侵袭迁移能力的影响及其分子机制。结果显示,siRNA介导DEPDC1表达沉默后,细胞侧向运动能力、侵袭及迁移能力显著降低。qRT-PCR及Western印迹检测发现DEPDC1沉默导致EMT上游关键转录因子Twist1及间质细胞标志分子Vimentin表达显著下调。这些研究表明,鼻咽癌细胞中DEPDC1通过调节Twist1等EMT关键分子的表达在细胞侵袭转移过程中起关键作用。推测DEPDC1在鼻咽癌中高表达可能对于促进其侵袭转移具有重要作用,进而促进肿瘤发生发展,但具体分子机制仍有待更深入研究。     

B7家族的新成员

T细胞的活化需要共刺激分子和其受体及特异性抗原与T细胞受体的双信号作用。B7家族成员是重要的共刺激分子,除B7－1和B7－2,新近又发现了一些新成员：B7RP－1（又名B7h,GL50或ICOSL）为鼠ICOS（inducible costimulator,CD28家族的第三位成员）的配体,其人的同源物命名为B7－2（也称为GL50或ICOSL）,它对TG细胞生长及细胞因子产生的共刺激作用已明显,B7－H1（也称PD－1L）,B7H3是一类不与ICOS结合的B7家族新成员。现已证实。现已证实,这些分子与其受体之间的作用在T细胞增殖及发挥效应中扮演重要角色,它们在许多疾病中的作用也引起学者的普遍关注。     

模式识别受体Dectin-1与天然免疫反应

在免疫反应早期,抗原递呈细胞表达的模式识别受体通过识别内、外源配体在清除衰老宿主细胞、分子以及防御感染中发挥重要作用。新近发现的树突状细胞相关性C型植物血凝素-1(dendritic cell—associated C-type lectin-1,Dectin-1)作为β-葡聚糖的主要受体,广泛分布于单核巨噬细胞系统、树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)及中性粒细胞等。本文对Dectin-1分子结构、细胞组织分布及其在诱导、调控局部和全身免疫、炎症反应中的作用进行概述。     

乙肝病毒X蛋白突变体(HBxΔ127)通过ERK上调钙蛋白酶小亚基1促进肝癌细胞迁移

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV) X蛋白(HBx)对肝癌的发生发展具有十分重要的作用.我们前期研究发现,HBx 突变体(HBxΔ127)与肝癌的增殖和迁移有密切的关系. 钙蛋白酶小亚基1（calpain small subunit 1,Capn4）具有促进细胞迁移、增殖和分化的作用.本研究对HBx 突变体(HBxΔ127) 促进肝癌细胞迁移的分子机制进行了研究. 实验结果显示, HBxΔ127可明显激活Capn4的启动子活性和上调Capn4蛋白表达.应用ERK抑制剂PD98059作用肝癌细胞后,可明显抑制HBxΔ127对Capn4的上调作用,提示HBxΔ127可通过磷酸化ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2)上调Capn4应用伤口愈合实验进一步证实,HBxΔ127促进肝癌细胞迁移的作用与Capn4 和p-ERK1/2有关.本研究结果表明, HBxΔ127促进肝癌细胞迁移的作用是通过p-ERK1/2上调Capn4实现的. 这一发现对进一步揭示HBx 突变体HBxΔ127促进肝癌细胞转移的分子机制具有重要意义.     

PD-1/PD-L1与Treg细胞相关性的研究新进展

PD-1和PD-L属于B7家族的共刺激分子,介导免疫反应的负性调节信号。Treg细胞是一个具有免疫调节作用的T细胞亚群,在机体的免疫耐受和免疫稳定中具有重要作用。本文就PD-1/PD-L1与Treg细胞的免疫调节作用及相关性研究进展作简要综述。     

Raf-1蛋白激酶在细胞信号转导研究中的新进展

重点讨论Raf-1蛋白激酶的特征、激活方式及其与其他蛋白质相互作用等方面的研究进展.Raf-1蛋白激酶是酪氨酸激酶相关信号转导途径中的重要信号分子之一,可直接下传与Ras蛋白相关的细胞增殖信号.近年来发现,Raf-1蛋白激酶还可与其他信号分子作用或相互调节,参与多种细胞生物学过程的信号转导与调控.     

mcl-1特异性siRNA对HepG2细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的：肝癌分子靶向治疗是目前研究的热点,肝癌相关基因mcl-1在肝癌增殖及凋亡中的作用尚不明确,本研究拟探讨mcl-1特异性siRNA对体外培养肝癌细胞HepG2增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：设计、合成有效的mcl-1特异性siRNA序列,体外转染HepG2细胞;通过绘制细胞生长曲线和MTT实验检测mcl-1特异性siRNA对HepG2细胞增殖的影响;通过AnnexinV／PI双标记流式细胞仪检测mcl-1特异性siRNA对HepG2细胞凋亡率的影响。结果：通过绘制细胞生长曲线发现,mcl-1特异性siRNA能够抑制HepG2细胞的增殖（P〈0．05）,MTT实验提示转染mcl-1特异性siRNA24h、48h、72h后,HepG2细胞存活率均显著下降（P〈O．05）;流式细胞仪检测分析发现,转染mcl．1特异性siRNA后AnnexinV＋／PI-细胞百分率显著增高（P〈0．01）,提示mcl-1具有促进HepG2细胞凋亡的作用。结论：Mcl-1蛋白具有促进肝癌细胞增殖,抑制肝癌细胞凋亡的作用,这种分子特性符合肿瘤靶向治疗的要求,Mcl-1可能成为肝癌靶向治疗的潜在靶点。     

CD1d分子的结构与功能

CD1d是CD1家族中的一员,其结构类似MHCI类分子,主要表达于抗原提呈细胞、肝细胞和肠道上皮细胞等细胞表面。CD1d分子提呈糖脂抗原,在抗原装载、胞内运输及其加工处理等方面独具特色,并在感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤等疾病的发生发展过程中具有重要作用。     

MAPK磷酸酯酶-1通过抑制JNK和p38的磷酸化调节SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤的凋亡

目的研究MKP-1在SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤中的抗凋亡。方法建立稳定表达MKP-1的SH-SY5Y细胞,用H2O2诱导细胞凋亡,并通过Western blotting比较分析MKP-1的表达对JNK和p38磷酸化的调节。结果①H2O2诱导SH-SY5Y细胞表达MKP-1,同时导致JNK和p38的去磷酸化;②在稳定表达MKP-1的SH-SY5Y细胞中,MKP-1可以抑制JNK和p38的磷酸化。③稳定表达MKP-1的SH-SY5Y细胞抵抗H2O2诱导细胞凋亡的能力比对照细胞提高了1倍左右。结论MKP-1对神经细胞的凋亡具有重要的调节作用,提示MKP-1作为调节ERK、JNK和p38蛋白激酶信号途径的重要分子,可能对退行性神经系统疾病的发病机制和治疗有重要的作用。     

IGF-1对细胞凋亡的抑制调控

胰岛素样生长因子-1（insulin—like growth factor,IGF—1）是胰岛素样生长因子家族中的一种,通过与IGF-1受体相结合产生生物学效应,是通过内分泌、自分泌和旁分泌的三种途径分泌的低分子多肽。近些年来,研究发现IGF-1不仅具有胰岛素类似的功能以及介导生长激素的作用,还是多种类型细胞凋亡的一个重要抑制因子。本文就IGF-1抑制细胞凋亡的信号转导途径和IGF-1对Bcl-2家族、caspases家族以及关键转录因子的调控机制作一综述。     

NPC1L1:固醇脂质吸收的关键蛋白质

NPC1L1是最近发现的一种与NPC1同源的蛋白质。在体内的分布有物种差异性,其亚细胞定位存在很大争议。近些年发现NPC1L1在固醇类脂质代谢途径中起着重要作用,是肠道吸收固醇类脂质尤其是胆固醇的关键蛋白质,这项新发现使得人们对固醇类脂质的吸收机制有了了解。高胆固醇血症是心血管系统疾病的一个高危因子,因此,对NPC1L1的研究具有重大的实际意义,正逐渐成为研究的热点。     

Stoichiometry studies reveal functional properties of KDC1 in plant shaker potassium channels

Functional heteromeric plant Shaker potassium channels can be formed by the assembly of subunits from different tissues, as well as from diverse plant species. KDC1 (K(+) Daucus carota 1) produces inward-rectifying currents in Xenopus oocytes when coexpressed with KAT1 and other subunits appertaining to different plant Shaker subfamilies. Owing to the presence of KDC1, resulting heteromeric channels display slower activation kinetics, a shift of the activation threshold toward more negative membrane potentials and current potentiation upon the addition of external zinc. Despite available information on heteromerization of plant Shaker channels, very little is known to date on the properties of the various stoichiometric configurations formed by different subunits. To investigate the functional properties of heteromeric nKDC1/mKAT1 configurations, we realized a series of dimeric constructs combining KDC1 and KAT1 alpha-subunits. We found that homomeric channels, formed by monomeric or dimeric alpha-subunit constructs, show identical biophysical characteristics. Coinjections of diverse tandem constructs, instead, displayed significantly different currents proving that KDC1 has high affinity for KAT1 and participates in the formation of functional channels with at most two KDC1 subunits, whereas three KDC1 subunits prevented the formation of functional channels. This article brings a contribution to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating plant Shaker channel functionality by association of modulatory subunits.     

Variation in salinity tolerance and shoot sodium accumulation in Arabidopsis ecotypes linked to differences in the natural expression levels of transporters involved in sodium transport

Salinity tolerance can be attributed to three different mechanisms: Na⁺ exclusion from the shoot, Na⁺ tissue tolerance and osmotic tolerance. Although several key ion channels and transporters involved in these processes are known, the variation in expression profiles and the effects of these proteins on Na⁺ transport in different accessions of the same species are unknown. Here, expression profiles of the genes AtHKT1;1, AtSOS1, AtNHX1 and AtAVP1 are determined in four ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Not only are these genes differentially regulated between ecotypes, the expression levels of the genes can be linked to the concentration of Na⁺ in the plant. An inverse relationship was found between AtSOS1 expression in the root and total plant Na⁺ accumulation, supporting a role for AtSOS1 in Na⁺ efflux from the plant. Similarly, ecotypes with high expression levels of AtHKT1;1 in the root had lower shoot Na⁺ concentrations, due to the hypothesized role of AtHKT1;1 in retrieval of Na⁺ from the transpiration stream. The inverse relationship between shoot Na⁺ concentration and salinity tolerance typical of most cereal crop plants was not demonstrated, but a positive relationship was found between salt tolerance and levels of AtAVP1 expression, which may be related to tissue tolerance.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化过程中Notch通路信号分子表达的变化

本研究探讨Noah信号通路在人骨髓间充质干细胞（human mesenchymal stem cells,hMSCs）体外增殖及向神经细胞分化过程中的作用。采集健康自愿者骨髓,体外培养获得hMSCs,取第3代hMSCs,在诱导剂（β-ME,DMSO,BHA）作用下向神经细胞分化。诱导后用免疫细胞化学鉴定神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase,NSE）和尼氏体的表达以确定诱导效果：用流式细胞术检测细胞生长周期时相的变化。在诱导前后,用免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法检测Notch通路中Notch1受体蛋白、配体Jagged1（JAG1）、调节蛋白活化相关物早老素1（presenilin 1,PS1）、靶基因hairy and enhancer of split1（HES1）信号分子表达的变化。结果显示：诱导前,处于G0/G1期的hMSCs占58．5％,S＋G2/M期的细胞占41．5％;诱导后,G0/G1期细胞比例升高,而S＋G2/M期细胞比例下降,NSE阳性细胞率达（77±0．35）％,细胞质中可见深蓝色的块状或颗粒状尼氏体。免疫荧光显示,诱导前后hMSCs内Notch1和JAG1均呈阳性表达,但RT-PCR检测发现诱导后Notch1、JAG1、PSl和HES1 mRNA表达量较诱导前明显降低（均P〈0．05）。结果表明,诱导hMSCs向神经细胞分化能抑制Notch信号分子表达,低水平的Notch信号激活可能有利于神经细胞的分化。     

Carboxamide SIRT1 inhibitors block DBC1 binding via an acetylation-independent mechanism

SIRT1 is an NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase that counteracts multiple disease states associated with aging and may underlie some of the health benefits of calorie restriction. Understanding how SIRT1 is regulated in vivo could therefore lead to new strategies to treat age-related diseases. SIRT1 forms a stable complex with DBC1, an endogenous inhibitor. Little is known regarding the biochemical nature of SIRT1-DBC1 complex formation, how it is regulated and whether or not it is possible to block this interaction pharmacologically. In this study, we show that critical residues within the catalytic core of SIRT1 mediate binding to DBC1 via its N-terminal region, and that several carboxamide SIRT1 inhibitors, including EX-527, can completely block this interaction. We identify two acetylation sites on DBC1 that regulate its ability to bind SIRT1 and suppress its activity. Furthermore, we show that DBC1 itself is a substrate for SIRT1. Surprisingly, the effect of EX-527 on SIRT1-DBC1 binding is independent of DBC1 acetylation. Together, these data show that protein acetylation serves as an endogenous regulatory mechanism for SIRT1-DBC1 binding and illuminate a new path to developing small-molecule modulators of SIRT1.     

Enhancement of hepatic microsomal drug oxidation and glucuronidation in rat by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)

A single dose of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) (160 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced the monooxygenase step of drug biotransformation in rat liver. The O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole was especially increased, a peak in activity approximately 5-fold compared with controls being attained in 7 days. On the other hand, there was only a 2-fold increase in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity.DDT increased the cytochrome P-450 content of the liver, this increase coincided well with that in p-nitroanisole O-demethylation activity.The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity of liver microsomes was not enhanced by DDT administration, unless the microsomes were pretreated to reveal latent activity prior to assay. After trypsin digestion of microsomes a maximum increase in activity of approximately 3-fold was observed as a result of DDT dosage. The canonic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride was less active in revealing the latent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, and two other membrane perturbants, the detergent digitonin and phospholipase A, were unable to show enhancement in UDPglucuronosyltransferase as a result of DDT dosage.     

CYP1A1基因单核苷酸多态性与肺癌的相关性研究

目的:探讨代谢酶CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性与新疆汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性之间的相关性.方法:应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测59例新疆汉族肺癌和84例新疆汉族健康人的CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性分布频率,并分析了CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性与新疆汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性和患者性别之间的相关性.结果:(1)CYP1A1基因MspI位点3种多态基因型分布频率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.682,P=0.035),CC基因型在病例组的分布频率显著高于正常对照组.(2)携带突变CC基因型的个体较携带TT基因型的个体患肺癌的危险性增加(OR=3.759.95%CI=1.228-11.494,P=0.035).(3)男女肺癌患者的CYP1A1基因MspI位点基因型及等位基因频率的差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:(1)CC突变基因型可能是新疆汉族人群的肺癌易感因素.(2)CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性可能与新疆汉族肺癌患者的性别无关.     

粘膜系统鳞状细胞癌(SCC)相关蛋白(DCUN1D1)的表达、纯化和晶体生长

目的:SCCRO/RP42/DCUN1D1是粘膜系统鳞片状细胞癌(SCC)发生时人类基因组3q区域扩增的潜在靶标之一,其蛋白作用机制尚不清楚,本文拟通过表达并大量纯化SCC相关蛋白DCUN1D1用于蛋白结晶以求获得其三维结构。方法:使用人肝脑组织RNA反转录产物为模板扩增出DCUN1D1基因cDNA片断并将其克隆至原核表达载体PGEX-6P-1中,通过IPTG诱导获得大量可溶性表达,再经过GST亲和层析和Sephadex G-200层析柱纯化。结果:获得了纯度95%以上的蛋白,采用悬滴气相扩散法筛选蛋白晶体,获得显微镜下可见的微晶。结论:初步得出DCUN1D1晶体生长条件及范围,为解析DCUN1D1的三维结构并进一步认识其生物功能奠定了基础。