将一株原红霉素链霉菌转入拟无枝菌酸菌属的分类学研究

对保藏的红霉素链霉菌AS4.894、AS4.198的化学分类研究表明,它们的胞壁类型为IV/A型,不属于胞壁为Ⅱ型的链霉菌属。菌株AS4.198与已由Labeda(1987)转入糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora),定名为Saccharopolyspora erythreus的菌株相似;菌株AS4.894虽然胞壁型与糖多孢菌相似,但磷酸类脂为PⅡ型,应转入拟无枝菌酸菌属(Amycolatopsis Lechevalier,1986)。通过与红霉素糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora erythreus)和白色拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis alba,A83850~T)进行比较,菌株AS4.894的生长Ph范围广泛,耐盐和耐50℃高温,DNA G+C mol％高,区别于拟无枝菌酸菌属中的任何已知种,而建议命名为新种——红霉素拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis erythreus comb.nov.)。     

嗜盐小盒菌属新种的鉴定

从新疆盐湖分离纯化到3株多形态嗜盐菌(编号为A_5,B_ 2和B-B_2).以《伯杰氏系统细菌学鉴定手册》第3卷(1989年)为主要依据,根据极性脂分析,这3株菌可归入嗜盐小盒菌属(Haloarcula).又根据细胞形态特征和生理生化特性,这3株菌不同于该属中现在正式承认的两个种而成为一独立的类群,建议为嗜盐小盒菌属中的一个新种,命名为艾丁嗜盐小盒菌(Haloarcula aidinensis sp.nov.).以A_5菌株作为模式株.     

反向PCR方法克隆腾冲嗜酸两面菌的分子伴侣基因*

根据已知的Sulfolobus属的分子伴侣基因,设计简并引物,用PCR的方法从腾冲嗜酸两面菌(Acidianus tengchongensis)基因组DNA中分别克隆到了分子伴侣α亚基和β亚基的约500bp的基因片段。以它们为探针进行Southern杂交,确定了合适的限制性内切酶。以确定的限制性内切酶消化的基因组DNA环化物为模板,进行反向PCR反应,引物的延伸方向由已知序列出发沿环化分子向未知区域进行,扩增产物经测序表明为α亚基和β亚基基因。根据所得序列分别设计两对引物进行PCR,测序结果     

一个嗜热嗜酸细菌的新属——硫球菌属

本文报道从酸性热泉地区分离出一株比较少见的无机化能自养型嗜热酸细菌,经鉴定是一新属新种,命名为硫球菌属(Sulfosphaerellus gen. Nov.),模式种为嗜酸热硫球菌(Sulfosphae-rellus thcrmoacidophilum sp. Nov.)。细胞球形,直径0.8一1.2μm,有类似纤毛的结构,革兰氏阴性,需气,在无机盐培养条件下,氧化元素硫至硫酸获得能量进行自营生长。生长最适温度70℃,范尉55—80℃。生长最适pH2．5,范围1．0—5．5。DNA中G+C含量为33—39mol％。并将该菌与国外近十多年来分离的硫叶菌(Sulfolobus)等7种高温嗜酸细菌作了比较,并对其命名和分类位置作了讨论。     

嗜盐碱古生菌新种的系统分类学研究

从内蒙古乌都淖咸性盐湖分离到嗜盐碱菌菌株Y21。其形态为杆状,能运动,红色菌落,通过生理生化、极性脂成分、基于16SrRNA序列的系统发育学分析和DNADNA杂交同源性比较,发现菌株Y21是Natrilba属中一个与其它成员不同的新种,命名为Natrilbawudunaoensissp.nov.。     

嗜酸热硫球菌的一些古细菌特征

本文报道了一株专性化能无机自养菌——嗜酸热硫球菌(Sulfosphaerellus thermoacido-philum)S-5菌株的某些生理生化和代谢特性。通过电子显微镜技术及其它分析方法研究发现,s一层代表了该菌细悃外被的唯一组成,并由规则排列的六边形亚单位构成,亚单位之间的中心距离为1;．3 nm。s一层的初步电泳染色分析表明,它主要由蛋白质组成,但不含糖蛋白。液相色谱分析查明,细胞外被中不含胞壁酸成份,即没有囊状的肽聚糖层。细胞脂类的红外光谱分析显示出醚键组份而不含酯键。在无细胞提取液中,没有河出卡尔文循环的关键酶——l,5一二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶。可见嗜酸热硫球菌固定coz的途径是不同于其它的硫氧化自养真细菌如氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans K)的。这些试验结果充分体现了嗜酸热硫球菌的古细菌特征。     

芽殖和／或附属物细菌群中的一个新属

从我国江苏省如东县掘东垦区大米草根内分离到一体氧化型革氏兰氏阴性细菌。编号4088。该菌株具有两种出芽繁殖方式：子细胞主要从母细胞两端长出柄状附属物,这种附属物末端膨大形成细胞和直接母细胞上生长出子细胞(约占2 0％）。细胞内有聚β-羟基丁酸盐颗粒。细胞外有荚膜。菌落产生β-葫萝卜素黄色素。;呼吸型代谢。从不发酵。好氧生长,无氧情况下行微好氧生长。能沉淀铁锰。能固定大气中的氧,有机化能营养。从糖类和酵类产碱而不产酸。不利用甲醇、甲酸为唯一碳源。DNA中G+C含量为70．1—7 0．4mol％。根据以上特性4088菌株与芽菌和/或附属物细菌群中的某些属相近,但出芽繁殖方式不同于已知属。因此,将4087菌株归属于芽殖和/或附属物细菌群中的一个新属——双殖菌属(Diparefarma gen .nov.Zhou et al.)．模式种为米草双殖菌(Dipareforma spartinacae sp．nov. Zhou et al.) 菌种保藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌种保藏室。 菌株编号为As1·1 762。     

食品抗氧剂-D-异抗坏血酸的研究——Ⅰ.2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸产生菌的筛

从199株细菌中筛选出产2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸的高产菌株2株。产物对葡萄糖的克分子转化率达85.93%、87.56%以上。经生物学鉴定,菌株E301为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida),菌株E54为产碱菌属的一个新种,为产酮产碱菌(Alcaligenes ketogenes nov.sp.)。将发酵产物及其转化成的D-异抗坏血酸钠样品经红外吸收光谱比较,结果均与标准品相同。可确定这两株菌的发酵产物确系2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸钙。     

嗜酸热硫球菌细胞外被的生物化学特性

研究了一抹嗜酸热硫氧化古细菌——嗜酸热硫球菌(Sulfosphaesellus thermoacidophilum)S-层的某些生物化学性质。发现该菌在某些重要性质方面与硫化叶菌属的模式菌种酸热硫化叶菌(Sulfolobus acidocaldorius)相比有很大差异。嗜酸热硫球菌的s一层之2％SDS溶液中非常不稳定,很容易被分解成亚单位：但它们在pH 9．0的磷酸缓冲液中很稳定,既不会坡水解也不溶解在该缓冲液中。     

好客嗜酸两面菌W1寡营养酸性热泉环境的适应机制

【目的】从基因组水平揭示好客嗜酸两面菌(Acidianus hospitalis)W1对寡营养酸性热泉环境的适应机制。【方法】使用NCBI非冗余蛋白数据库、Uniport蛋白数据库以及Sulfolobus数据库对好客嗜酸两面菌W1基因组序列进行功能注释,使用KEGG数据库对基因组进行In slico代谢途径重构,在此基础之上,采用比较基因组学方法对代谢途径进行鉴定和完善。【结果】好客嗜酸两面菌W1具备多样化的代谢方式以适应寡营养酸性热泉环境。W1菌株通过3-羟基丙酸/4-羟基丁酸和乙二酸-4-羟基丁酸循环进行CO2固定、通过氧化还原型无机硫化物(Reduced inorganic sulfur compounds,RISCs)获取能量营自养型生长。但W1菌株与模式菌株Acidianus ambivalens的硫代谢方式不同,W1基因组中缺少编码亚硫酸-受体氧化还原酶(SAOR)、腺苷硫酸(APS)还原酶、硫酸腺苷酰转移酶(SAT)和腺苷硫酸:磷酸腺苷转移酶(APAT)的基因。此外,W1菌株可以通过非磷酸化的分支的ED途径和TCA循环进行葡萄糖代谢,糖类和氨基酸转运蛋白以及相应水解酶的存在表明W1能够利用部分有机物营兼性自养型生长。与A.ambivalens不同,W1菌株不能利用H2作为电子供体。【结论】多样化的代谢方式为好客嗜酸两面菌W1更好地适应寡营养酸性热泉环境提供了重要保障,对于W1菌株特有代谢方式的揭示也丰富了对于嗜酸两面菌(Acidianus)属物种代谢多样性的认知。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidianus tengchongensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a New Species of Acidothermophilic Archaeon Isolated from an Acidothermal Spring

A new thermoacidophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic, facultatively aerobic archaeon Acidianus S5^T, was isolated from a Tengchong acidothermal spring in southwestern China. It is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, irregular coccoid organism with a cell diameter of 1.2 m. The optimal pH and temperature for growth are 2.5 and 70°C, respectively. Under anaerobic conditions, the organism reduces elemental sulfur with molecular hydrogen, producing hydrogen sulfide. Under aerobic conditions, it oxidizes elemental sulfur and produces sulfuric acid. No growth occurs when it is cultivated in an iron medium, indicating that ferrous iron cannot serve as an energy source. The G+C content is 38% (mol/mol), which is much different from that of other Acidianus species (31%–32.7%). The phylogenetic distances, based on 16S rDNA sequences, to A. brierleyi, A. infernus, and A. ambivalens were 0.2, 2.6, and 2.5%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization rates of strain S5^T to A. brierleyi, A. infernus, and A. ambivalens are 44, 22, and 23%, respectively. Thus, a new name, Acidianus tengchongensis sp. nov., is proposed for this strain S5^T.     

Gluconobacter sphaericus (Ameyama 1975) comb. nov., a brown pigment-producing acetic acid bacterium in the Alphaproteobacteria

Strain NBRC 12467(T )was examined genetically, phylogenetically, phenotypically, and chemotaxonomically. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 59.5 mol%. The strain represented low levels of DNA-DNA hybridization of 49-9% to the type strains of eight Gluconobacter species. The strain formed a cluster along with the type strains of G. albidus and G. kondonii in phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. In a phylogenetic tree based on 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS sequences, however, the strain formed an independent cluster from the type strains of the eight Gluconobacter species. Such phylogenetic relationships were supported by the calculated pair-wise 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS sequence similarities. The strain was distinguished from the type strains of the eight Gluconobacter species by 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS restriction analysis using five restriction endonucleases. The strain produced a water-soluble brown pigment and 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate from D-glucose, differing from the type strains of the eight Gluconobacter species, and acid from meso-erythritol very weakly, differing from the type strains of the remaining seven Gluconobacter species except for the type strain of G. roseus, but not from maltose, differing from the type strain of G. oxydans, and had Q-10. For the strain, which was once classified as G. oxydans subsp. sphaericus, Gluconobacter sphaericus (Ameyama 1975) comb. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NBRC 12467(T), which is also deposited as BCC 14448(T).     

Purification and properties of the sulfur oxygenase/reductase from the acidothermophilic archaeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidianus </Emphasis>strain S5

The sulfur oxygenase/reductase (SOR) of Acidianus strain S5 was purified and characterized after expressing the SOR gene in a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli. The N-terminal sequence of the purified SOR protein was the same as the deduced amino acid sequence from previously cloned SOR genes. Enzymatic studies indicated that the SOR catalyzed the conversion of elemental sulfur (S(o)) to sulfite, thiosulfate, and sulfide. The optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 70 degrees C, respectively. Comparison of this SOR and that of A. ambivalens revealed several differences between these two SORs. The most striking difference is that the SOR of Acidianus S5 had maximal activity at acidic pH. By application of anti-SOR serum and the Western blot technique, it was found that SOR proteins existed in A. brierleyi and in Acidianus S5 cells cultivated with thiosulfate as the sole energy source, indicating that SOR may also play a role in thiosulfate metabolism.     

白色杆菌属一新种的分离鉴定及其系统发育学分析

从热带土壤中分离到一株好氧、革兰氏阳性、不产芽孢的杆状菌株F8,该菌株含有MK11为主要醌组份;细胞壁肽聚糖的氨基酸组分为2,4氨基丁酸和γ氨基丁酸等;细胞壁糖组分为鼠李糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖;DNA的G+C含量为68mol%。16SrRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析的结果表明,菌株F8与驹形白色杆菌(Leucobacter komagatae)亲缘关系最近,其16S rRNA基因的同源率为96%。两者的总DNA杂交率为62%,生理生化特征也有差异,故可把菌株F8定为一个新种,即热带白色杆菌(Leucobacter tropicalissp.nov.)。     

Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea

Two Gram-negative, nonmotile, coccobacilli, SW-3T and SW-100T, were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T contained ubiquinone-9 (Q-9) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18:1 omega9c and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-3T and SW-100T were 44.1 mol% and 41.9 mol%, respectively. A neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates fell within the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Acinetobacter. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene similarity value of 95.7% and a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 9.2%. Strain SW-3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 93.5-96.9% to the validly described Acinetobacter species and fifteen Acinetobacter genomic species. Strain SW-100T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of less than 97.0% to the other Acinetobacter species except Acinetobacter towneri DSM 14962T (98.0% similarity). Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited mean levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of 7.3-16.7% to the type strains of some phylogenetically related Acinetobacter species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genetic data, strains SW-3T and SW-100T were classified in the genus Acinetobacter as two distinct novel species, for which the names Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. (type strain SW-3T=KCTC 12259T=DSM 16312T) and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov. (type strain SW-100T=KCTC 12260T=DSM 16313T) are proposed, respectively.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter soli</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

A non-motile and rod shaped bacterium, designated strain B1(T), was isolated from forest soil at Mt. Baekwoon, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic acid (C(18:1) omega9c; 42%) and hexadecanoic acid (C(16:0); 25.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1) omega7c; 10.0%). The DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1(T) formed a lineage within the genus Acinetobacter and was closely related to A. baylyi DSM 14961(T) (98.6% sequence similarity), followed by A. baumannii DSM 30007(T) (97.4%), A. calcoaceticus DSM 30006(T) (97.0%) and 3 genomic species (96.8 approximately 7.6%). Phenotypic characteristics, gyrB gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data distinguished strain B1(T) from type strains of A. baylyi, A. baumannii, and A. calcoaceticus. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain B1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1(T) (= KCTC 22184(T)= JCM 15062(T)).     

Cohnella panacarvi sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from ginseng cultivating soil

A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonmotile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated Gsoil 349T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain Gsoil 349T belongs to the family Paenibacillaceae, and the sequence showed closest similarity with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683T (94.1%) and Cohnella hongkongensis DSM 17642T (93.6%). The strain showed less than 91.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus species. In addition, the presence of MK-7 as the major menaquinone and anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), and C(16:0) as major fatty acids suggested its affiliation to the genus Cohnella. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.4 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 349T should be treated as a novel species within the genus Cohnella for which the name Cohnella panacarvi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 349T (=KCTC 13060T = DSM 18696T).     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria from fermented tea leaves (miang) in Thailand and proposals of Lactobacillus thailandensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus camelliae sp. nov., and Pediococcus siamensis sp. nov

Eighteen rod-shaped homofermentatives, six heterofermentatives, and a coccal homofermentative lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented tea leaves (miang) produced in the northern part of Thailand. The isolates were placed in a monophyletic cluster consisting of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species. They were divided into seven groups by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA similarity, and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Groups I to VI belonged to Lactobacillus and Group VII to Pediococcus. All of the strains tested produced DL-lactic acid but those in Group IV produced L-lactic acid. The strains tested in Groups I, II and V had meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. Six strains in Group I were identified as Lactobacillus pantheris; five strains in Group II as Lactobacillus pentosus; and four strains in Group V as Lactobacillus suebicus. Two strains in Group VI showed high DNA-DNA similarity for each other and MCH4-2 was closest to Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 562(T) with 99.5% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Five strains in Group III are proposed as Lactobacillus thailandensis sp. nov., and MCH5-2(T) (BCC 21235(T)=JCM 13996(T)=NRIC 0671(T)=PCU 272(T)) is the type strain which has 49 mol% G+C of DNA. Two strains in Group IV are proposed as Lactobacillus camelliae sp. nov., and the type strain is MCH3-1(T) (BCC 21233(T)=JCM 13995(T)=NRIC 0672(T)=PCU 273(T)) which has 51.9 mol% G+C of DNA. One strain in Group VII is proposed as Pediococcus siamensis sp. nov., and MCH3-2(T) (BCC 21234(T)=JCM 13997(T)=NRIC 0675(T)=PCU 274(T)) is the type strain which has 42 mol% G+C of DNA.     

Pyrite oxidation by thermophilic archaebacteria

Three species of thermophilic archaebacteria of the genera Sulfolobus (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and S. solfataricus) and Acidianus (Acidianus brierleyi) were tested for their ability to oxidize pyrite and to grow autotrophically on pyrite, to explore their potential for use in coal desulfurization. Only A. brierleyi was able to oxidize and grow autotrophically on pyrite. Jarosite was formed during the pyrite oxidation, resulting in the precipitation of sulfate and iron. The medium composition affected the extent of jarosite formation.     

一个可降解直链烷基苯磺酸盐的新种

本文鉴定了一株可完全降解直链烷基苯磺酸盐（Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate,简称LAS）的菌株GZ6。革兰氏染色阴性,细胞为杆状或短杆状,大小为0.5μm～0.8 μm×1.0μm～2.0 μm,其生长pH范围为pH6.0～10.0,最适生长pH为7.0,生长温度范围为4℃～40℃,最适生长温度为30℃。生化特征测定除过氧化氢酶、尿酶、精氨酸脱羧酶反应为阳性,其它均为阴性。可利用Chloridazon、安替比林（antipyrin）以及LAS等为碳源。不能利用大多数糖醇。醌组分以泛醌Q10为主。菌体脂肪酸主要为C18∶1、C16∶0及C16∶1。DNA中G+C mol％含量为7010。16S rRNA 序列分析表明菌株GZ6 与其亲缘关系最近的菌株Phenylobacterium immobile DSM1986T序列相似值为9749％,DNADNA杂交率为40%。菌株GZ6具极生鞭毛,可运动,两者在细胞形态有很大差异。故将菌株GZ6定为苯基杆菌属的新种可动苯基杆菌（Phenylobaterium mobile） GZ6。