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1.
Summary
Alcaligenes eutrophus mutant strain R3, which is a spontaneous revertant to prototrophy of an isoleucine-auxotrophic mutant of the wild-type strain H16, accumulated a copolyester consisting of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) as main constituent and of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV), i.e. poly(3HB-co-3HV), as the only other constituent from various single unrelated substrates, which were provided in excess, after a nutrient essential for growth was depleted in the medium. Poly(SHB-co-3HV) was produced from fructose, gluconate, succinate, acetate or lactate during cell starvation of the nitrogen, sulphur or magnesium source. Although 3HV amounted to only 8 mol% of the constituents of the polyester, this study provides a general rationale for construction and utilization of mutants of poly(3HB)-accumulating bacteria that are altered in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids for the production of poly(3HB-co-3HV) from single unrelated substrates.
Offprint requests to: A. Steinbüchel 相似文献
2.
Makoto Ueda Reiko Sashida Hideaki Yamada Yasuhisa Asano 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1993,40(4):466-469
(S)-(+)-Citramalic-acid-producing activity in microorganisms was studied with resting cells in a reaction mixture containing itaconic acid. Itaconic-acid-utilizing bacteria were found to produce (S)-(+)-citramalic acid from itaconic acid. The strain, which showed the best productivity among those studied, was identified taxonomically as Alcaligenes denitrificans strain MCI2775. (S)-(+)-Citramalic acid produced by this strain was present in a 99.9% enantiometric excess. The culture and reaction conditions for the production were optimized for this strain. Addition of Mn2+, d-pantothenic acid and l-leucine to the culture medium enhanced the (S)-(+)-citramalic acid-producing activity. Under optimal conditions, 27 g (S)-(+)-citramalic acid/l was produced in 30 h. The yield to itaconic acid added was 69.0 mol%.
Correspondence to: Y. Asano 相似文献
3.
Vaidya R.J. Shah I.M. Vyas P.R. Chhatpar H.S. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(7):691-696
A novel, highly chitinolytic strain of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans was isolated which showed potential for use as an antifungal biocontrol agent for the control of two fungal plant pathogens. It could degrade and utilize dead mycelia of Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium sp. (fungal plant pathogens of Cajanus cajan). In vitro it could inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. and R. bataticola. Chitin at 10–15 g/l was found to be good carbon and nitrogen source. Alcaligenes xylosoxydans showed optimum chitinase production at 72 h, pH optima at 8 and growth peak at 120 h. Yeast extract, arabinose, Tween 20 and several other surfactants enhanced chitinase production. 相似文献
4.
A novel nitrilase which catalyzes the direct hydrolysis of arylacetonitrile derivatives to the corresponding arylacetic acids has been found in strain JM3, tentatively identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. The addition of isovaleronitrile greatly enhanced the formation of the nitrilase. The culture conditions for the best production of the nitrilase and the substrate specificity of the enzyme are described. 相似文献
5.
C. Grzeszik K. Roß K. Schneider M. Reh H. G. Schlegel 《Archives of microbiology》1997,167(2-3):172-176
Six new strains of Alcaligenes enriched for and isolated as nickel-resistant bacteria resemble Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and contain both an NAD-reducing, tetrameric soluble hydrogenase and a membrane-bound hydrogenase. None of the soluble
hydrogenases share with the Rhodococcus opacus MR11 enzyme tetramer the property of being cleaved easily into two dimeric moieties [a hydrogenase (βδ) and an NADH:acceptor
oxidoreductase (αγ)], in the absence of nickel or at low ionic strength. The soluble hydrogenase of the newly isolated strain
MR22 of R. opacus equalled that of strain MR11. The absence of a membrane-bound hydrogenase in Alcaligenes denitrificans strain 4a-2 and in Alcaligenes ruhlandii was confirmed.
Received: 14 May 1996 / Accepted: 7 November 1996 相似文献
6.
Tokuya Harada Tadashi Yoshimuka Hidemasa Hidaka Atsuo Koreeda 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):757-762
A slimy non-spore-forming bacterium strain 10C3 isolated from soil was motile with peritrichous flagella and named Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes. Studies were made on the conditions necessary for maximal production of a new acidic succinoglucan polysaccharide by this strain in shaken cultures. Much production was observed with sucrose, glucose, xylose, galactose, cellobiose, maltose, fructose, mannose and rhamnose. The yield was greatest with sucrose and decreased in order with the above sugars from about 36 to 23 per cent. The most suitable medium contained 4 per cent sugar, 0.5 per cent yeast extract and one per cent calcium carbonate in tap water. The optimum temperature was 28°C. 相似文献
7.
Tomohisa Nagasaki Masanori Sugita Hideaki Fukawa Hsin-Tung Lin 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):363-369
Taxonomical investigation was performed on the bacterium, strain NB 320 isolated from soil, and it was identified as Enterobacter cloacae. This bacterium produced the enzyme which catalyzed the transamination reaction between 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl pyruvate and an amino acid to form l-Dopa.The optimum culture conditions for the enzyme production were studied along with the characteristics of the enzyme. The enzyme of the strain was different in some properties from that of Alcaligenes faecalis IAM 1015 which had been already studied. The former utilized glutamate as an amino donor best among the amino acids tested for transamination and was induced by the addition of glutamine and asparagine. Intact cells of the strain did not catalyze the reaction unless they were treated with sonication or with a detergent. 相似文献
8.
In the course of investigation of alicyclic hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms, five strains of ethylcyclohexane-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples.Among those bacteria, the strain S6B1 that was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis, showed the best growth in shaking culture.The strain S6B1 was found to produce 4-ethylcyclohexanol from ethylcyclohexane.This substance separated from culture broth was purified and identified to be trans-4-ethylcyclohexanol by the use of NMR. 相似文献
9.
Dietmar Helmut Pieper Hans-Joachim Knackmuss Kenneth Nigel Timmis 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1993,39(4-5):563-567
Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 metabolizes 3-chlorobenzoate via 3- (3CC) and 4-chlorocatechol (4CC) as central metabolites. Whereas 4CC was efficiently degraded without a build-up of significant quantities of intermediates, substantial amounts of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate (2CM) formed from 3CC were excreted as a result of the poor activity of dichloromuconate cycloisomerase for this compound. This pathway bottleneck can, using appropriate fermentation conditions, be exploited in the production of 2CM.
Correspondence to: D. H. Pieper 相似文献
10.
Ya-Ping Xue Sai-Zhen Xu Zhi-Qiang Liu Yu-Guo Zheng Yin-Chu Shen 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(2):337-345
(R)-(−)-Mandelic acid (R-MA) is an important intermediate with broad uses. Recently, R-MA production using nitrilase has been gaining more and more attention due to its higher productivity and enantioselectivity.
In this work, a new bacterium WT10, which exhibited favorable nitrilase activity and excellent enantioselectivity for production
of R-MA by enantioselective biocatalytic hydrolysis of (R,S)-mandelonitrile, was isolated and identified as a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis. In order to improve its nitrilase activity for industrial application, the wild-type strain WT10 was further subjected to
mutagenesis using a combined LiCl–ultraviolet irradiation and low energy N+ ion beams implantation technique. A valuable mutant strain A. faecalis ZJUTB10 was obtained. The nitrilase specific activity of the mutant strain was greatly improved up to 350.8 U g−1, in comparison with wild-type strain WT10 of 53.09 U g−1. The reaction conditions for R-MA production by mutant strain A. faecalis ZJUTB10 were also optimized. Nitrilase activity in mutant strain showed a broad pH optimum at pH 7.7–8.5. The optimal temperature
was 35°C. The highest production rate reached 9.3 mmol h−1 g−1. The results showed that mutant strain A. faecalis ZJUTB10 was a new candidate for efficient R-MA production from (R,S)-mandelonitrile and could potentially be used in industrial production. 相似文献
11.
S. Ecker T. Widmann H. Lenke O. Dickel P. Fischer C. Bruhn H. -J. Knackmuss 《Archives of microbiology》1992,158(2):149-154
Both Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 and its plasmid-free derivative Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 222 utilize 2,6-dinitrophenol as sole source of carbon, energy, and nitrogen. In the presence of ammonia resting cells of these strains release two mol of nitrite per mol of 2,6-dinitrophenol. Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 222-1D, a mutant of strain JMP 222 obtained by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis, is able to use 2,6-dinitrophenol as nitrogen source but not as source of carbon and energy. Resting cells of this mutant liberate only one mol of nitrite per mol of 2,6-dinitrophenol. A single metabolite was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified as 2-hydroxy-5-nitropenta-2,4-dienoic acid from the mass spectrum, the 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectra. Strain JMP 222-1S, a spontaneous mutant of strain JMP 222-1D, accumulates 4-nitropyrogallol which was identified as the initial metabolite of 2,6-dinitrophenol degradation.Non-standard abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,6-DNP
2,6-dinitrophenol
- HNMA
2-hydroxy-5-nitromuconic acid
- HNPA
2-hydroxy-5-nitropenta-2,4-dienoic acid
- NB
nutrient broth
- NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
- NPG
4-nitropyrogallol
- O.D.
optical density
- tR
retention time
- UV/Vis
ultraviolet/visible 相似文献
12.
Production of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate by strains ofAlcaligenes latus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Alcaligenes latus strains can accumulate poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to about 85% of cell dry weight. The abilities to store poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) of three strains ofA. latus were investigated. With Na-propionate as PHV precursor, strainA. latusDSM 1122 had better PHV accumulation ability than strainsA. latusDSM 1123 and 1124. StrainA. latus DSM 1123 could store PHV when Na-valerate but not Na-propionate served as the PHV precursor. PHB and PHV accumulation byA. latus DSM 1124 rapidly increased when propionic acid and acetic acid were together added to the fermentor. This increase was not obtained in the culture shaker flask and fermentor growing the same strain when Na-propionate alone served as a PHV precursor. 相似文献
13.
The facultatively chemolithoautotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus and Alcaligenes hydrogenophilus partially derepressed the formation of phosphoribulokinase and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase during heterotrophic growth on fructose or gluconate. We examined whether the indigenous magaplasmids in these bacteria that encode the ability to oxidize hydrogen affected this derepression. The results suggest an involvement of the plasmids in the derepression for the following reasons: (i) wild-type strains, except A. eutrophus TF93, exhibited the derepressible phenotype; (ii) plasmid-cured mutants formed the enzymes with formate as autotrophic growth substrate but did not derepress their formation during heterotrophic growth; (iii) the phenotype of the wild type was restored by transfer of the plasmids into plasmid-cured mutants. Plasmid pHG2 from strain TF93 differed from the other wild-type plasmids by conferring a non-derepressible phenotype onto the harboring strain. Mutants of A. eutrophus H16 carrying deletions in plasmid pHG1 showed a similar phenotype as that of the plasmid-cured mutants. We concluded that the plasmids from the various strains studied encode a regulatory ability to derepress phosphoribulokinase and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase under heterotrophic growth conditions.Abbreviations PRK
phosphoribulokinase
- RuBPC
ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase
- Hox
ability to oxidize hydrogen
- Cfx
ability to fix carbon dioxide autotrophically
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. G. Schlegel on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
14.
Grażyna A. Płaza Jacek Wypych Christopher Berry Robin L. Brigmon 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(4):533-542
The fate of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes (BTEX) compounds through biodegradation was investigated using two different
bacteria, Ralstonia picketti (BP-20) and Alcaligenes piechaudii (CZOR L-1B). These bacteria were isolated from extremely polluted soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. PCR and
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) were used to identify the isolates. In this study, BTEX biodegradation, applied as a mixture
or as individual compounds by the bacteria was evaluated. Both bacteria were shown to degrade each of the BTEX compounds individually
and in mixture. However, Alcaligenes piechaudii was a better degrader of BTEXs both in the mixture and individually. Differences between BTEX biodegradation in the mixture
and individually were observed, especially in the case of benzene. The degradation of all BTEXs in the mixture was lower than
the degradation of individual compounds for both bacteria tested. In the all experiments, toluene and m + p- xylenes were better removed than the other BTEXs. No intermediates of biodegradation were detected. Biosurfactant production
was observed by culture techniques. In addition, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, important in biosurfactant production, were observed
by FAME analysis. The test results indicate that the bacteria could contribute to bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbon pollution. 相似文献
15.
Flores A Nisola GM Cho E Gwon EM Kim H Lee C Park S Chung WJ 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2007,30(3):197-205
The performance of enriched sludge augmented with the B21 strain of Alcaligenes defragrans was compared with that of enriched sludge, as well as with pure Alcaligenes defragrans B21, in the context of a sulfur-oxidizing denitrification (SOD) process. In synthetic wastewater treatment containing 100–1,000 mg
NO3−-N/L, the single strain-seeded system exhibited superior performance, featuring higher efficiency and a shorter startup period,
provided nitrate loading rate was less than 0.2 kg NO3−-N/m3 per day. At nitrate loading rate of more than 0.5 kg NO3−-N/m3 per day, the bioaugmented sludge system showed higher resistance to shock loading than two other systems. However, no advantage
of the bioaugmented system over the enriched sludge system without B21 strain was observed in overall efficiency of denitrification.
Both the bioaugmented sludge and enriched sludge systems obtained stable denitrification performance of more than 80% at nitrate
loading rate of up to 2 kg NO3−-N/m3 per day. 相似文献
16.
17.
Henry E. Valentin Andreas Schönebaum Alexander Steinbüchel 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1992,36(4):507-514
Summary Twenty-four different strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, mainly belonging to the genera Alcaligenes, Paracoccus, Pseudomonas and Methylobacterium, were examined with respect to their ability to utilize 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4HV), 4-valerolactone (4VL) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) as carbon sources for growth and for accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA). A gas chromatographic (GC) method for the detection of 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid methyl esters has been extended for the detection of derivatives obtained from the methanolysis of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HB) and 4HV. Most of the Alcaligenes species and P. oxalaticus Ox1 accumulated a terpolyester consisting of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB), 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV) and 4HV as constituents from 4HV or 4VL as sole carbon sources in batch, fed-batch or two-stage fed-batch cultures. Poly(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV) accumulated from 4HV by A. eutrophus strain NCIB 11599 amounted to approximately 50% of the cell dry matter and was composed of 42.0 mol % 3HB, 52.2 mol % 3HV and 5.6 mol % 4HV, respectively. Pseudomonads, which belong to the rRNA homology group I, were not able to incorporate 4HV. With 3HP as carbon source, the GC analysis provided evidence for the presence of 3HP in the PHA of many bacteria. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis confirmed that, for example, A. eutrophus strain TF93 accumulated poly(3HB-co-3HP) with 98 mol % 3HB and 2 mol % 3HP if the cells were cultivated in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) 3HP.
Offprint requests to: A. Steinbüchel 相似文献
18.
Sites polluted with organic compounds frequently contain inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals. The latter might inhibit the biodegradation of the organics and impair bioremediation. Chromosomally located polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) catabolic genes ofAlcaligenes eutrophus A5,Achromobacter sp. LBS1C1 andAlcaligenes denitrificans JB1 were introduced into the heavy metal resistantAlcaligenes eutrophus strain CH34 and related strains by means of natural conjugation. Mobile elements containing the PCB catabolic genes were transferred fromA. eutrophus A5 andAchromobacter sp. LB51C1 intoA. eutrophus CH34 after transposition onto their endogenous IncP plasmids pSS50 and pSS60, respectively. The PCB catabolic genes ofA. denitrificans JB1 were transferred intoA. eutrophus CH34 by means of RP4::Mu3A mediated prime plasmid formation. TheA. eutrophus CH34 transconjugant strains expressed both catabolic and metal resistance markers. Such constructs may be useful for the decontamination of sites polluted by both organics and heavy metals. 相似文献
19.
The ability of Alcaligenes eutrophus to grow and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) on plant oils was evaluated. When olive oil, corn oil, or palm oil was fed
as a sole carbon source, the wild-type strain of A. eutrophus grew well and accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer up to approximately 80% (w/w) of the cell dry weight during
its stationary growth phase. In addition, a recombinant strain of A. eutrophus PHB−4 (a PHA-negative mutant), harboring a PHA synthase gene from Aeromonas caviae, was revealed to produce a random copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate from these plant oils with a high
cellular content (approximately 80% w/w). The mole fraction of 3-hydroxyhexanoate units was 4–5 mol% whatever the structure
of the triglycerides fed. The polyesters produced by the A. eutrophus strains from olive oil were 200–400 kDa (the number-average molecular mass). The results demonstrate that renewable and inexpensive
plant oils are excellent carbon sources for efficient production of PHA using A. eutrophus strains.
Received: 3 September 1997 / Received revision: 10 November 1997 / Accepted: 16 November 1997 相似文献
20.
Blanca Montalbán Sarah Croes Nele Weyens M Carmen Lobo Araceli Pérez-Sanz Jaco Vangronsveld 《International journal of phytoremediation》2016,18(10):985-993
The interaction between plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and plants can enhance biomass production and metal tolerance of the host plants. This work aimed at isolating and characterizing the cultivable bacterial community associated with Brassica napus growing on a Zn-contaminated site, for selecting cultivable PGPB that might enhance biomass production and metal tolerance of energy crops. The effects of some of these bacterial strains on root growth of B. napus exposed to increasing Zn and Cd concentrations were assessed. A total of 426 morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated from the soil, the rhizosphere, and the roots and stems of B. napus. The diversity of the isolated bacterial populations was similar in rhizosphere and roots, but lower in soil and stem compartments. Burkoholderia, Alcaligenes, Agrococcus, Polaromonas, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Microbacterium, and Caulobacter were found as root endophytes exclusively. The inoculation of seeds with Pseudomonas sp. strains 228 and 256, and Serratia sp. strain 246 facilitated the root development of B. napus at 1,000 µM Zn. Arthrobacter sp. strain 222, Serratia sp. strain 246, and Pseudomonas sp. 228 and 262 increased the root length at 300 µM Cd. 相似文献