新疆舟形藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录

报道了采自新疆的舟形藻属（硅藻门）中国新记录7个分类单位,如下所示：辐头舟形藻(Navicula capitatoradiata Germain)、辐指舟形藻(N. digitoradiata(Gregory) Ralfs)、瑞卡德提舟形藻(N. reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot)、针状舟形藻(N. spicula (Hickie) Cleve)、近小胎座舟形藻(N. subplacentula Hustedt)、琐细舟形藻(N. trivialis Lange Bertalot)和上凸舟形藻(N. upsaliensis(Grunow) Peragallo)。并对其分类学特征以及采集地生境进行了详细地描述。     

桥弯藻科和异极藻科（硅藻门）植物中国7种新记录

对采自黑龙江省东南部兴凯湖湿地的100余号硅藻标本进行分类研究,共发现桥弯藻科、异极藻科（硅藻门）中国新记录植物5种2变种,分别为亚粗糙桥弯藻（Cymbella peraspera Krammer）、尖头弯肋藻［Cymbopleura cuspidata (Kützing) Krammer］、不显内丝藻高山变种（Encyonema obscurum var.alpina Krammer）、西里西亚内丝藻翼形变种（Encyonema silesiacum var.lata Krammer）、耳状异极藻（Gomphonema auritum Braun & Kützing）、棍棒异极藻（Gomphonema clava Reichardt）、极细异极藻［Gomphonema exilissimum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt］。对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,与同属中相似的种类进行了比较与讨论,为今后该区域的藻类研究提供了基础的资料。     

陕西省十字花科植物新记录

该文报道了陕西省发现的3个新记录属和5个新记录种。新记录属分别是堇叶芥属(Neomartinella Pilger)、皱果荠属(Rapistrum Crantz)和二行芥属(Diplotaxis de Candolle);新记录种分别是永顺堇叶芥［Neomartinella yungshunensis (W. T. Wang) Al Shehbaz］、安徽碎米荠(Cardamine anhuiensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao)、欧亚蔊菜［Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.］、皱果荠［Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.］和二行芥［Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.］。     

西藏被子植物分布新记录

首次报道了西藏被子植物8个新记录种：虎耳草科(Saxifragaceae)虎耳草属(Saxifraga Linn.)的阿墩子虎耳草(Saxifraga atuntsiensis W. W. Smith)、橙黄虎耳草(Saxifraga aurantiaca Franchet),罂粟科(Papaveraceae)紫堇属(Corydalis DC.)的雅曲距紫堇(Corydalis dolichocentra Z. Y. Su & Lidén),龙胆科(Gentianaceae)龙胆属(Gentiana Linn.)的圆萼龙胆(Gentiana suborbisepala C. Marquand),报春花科(Primulaceae)点地梅属(Androsace Linn.)的小点地梅［Androsace gmelinii (Linn.) Roemer & Schultes］,忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)忍冬属(Lonicera Linn.)的垫状忍冬(Lonicera oreodoxa H. Smith ex Rehder J.),毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)毛茛属(Ranunculus Linn.)的川青毛茛(Ranunculus chuanchingensis L. Liou),玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)马先蒿属(Pedicularis Linn.)鹬形马先蒿(Pedicularis scolopax Maximowicz)。并提供其形态描述和照片,凭证标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(XZE)。     

阿尔泰山两河源国家级自然保护区鼓藻类中国新记录

分别于2016年7月和2017年8月在阿尔泰山两河源国家级自然保护区采集鼓藻类植物标本,经显微镜观察,发现鼓藻类（绿藻门）中国新记录植物5个分类单位,隶属于4个属,包括4种1变种：膨大新月藻（新拟）（Closterium tumidulum Gay）、钝齿宽带鼓藻（新拟）［Pleurotaenium crenulatum (Ralfs) Rabenhorst］、克塞凹顶鼓藻（新拟）（Euastrum coeselii Kouwets）、圆齿状鼓藻（新拟）（Cosmarium crenulatum Ngeli）和肾形鼓藻收缩变种（新拟）（Cosmarium reniforme var. compressum Nordstedt）。对这些新记录植物的形态学特征进行了详细的描述,并提供了光镜照片及手绘图。     

青藓科中国新记录种——短尖拟青藓

该文报道了短尖拟青藓［Sciuro-hypnum ornellanum (Molendo) Ignatov & Huttunen］在新疆阿尔泰山的分布,这是该种在中国的首次记录。详细介绍了拟青藓属［Sciuro-hypnum （Hampe） Hampe］的由来,讨论了短尖拟青藓的形态特征及其地理分布,对其与形态相近种进行了比较分析,并提供了中国拟青藓属分种检索表。该种的发现不仅为中国青藓科植物研究提供了新资料,同时也进一步佐证了中国新疆植物区系与俄罗斯、中亚及欧洲的密切联系。     

中国青藓科植物分类学修订（一）：异叶藓属

在对世界异叶藓属（Kindbergia Ochyra）植物进行系统研究基础上,作者对中国分布的该属植物进行了分类学修订。结果表明：（1）中国分布的“树状异叶藓”［K.arbuscula(Broth.)Ochyra］、“异叶藓”［K.praelonga(Hedw.)Ochyra］和密枝燕尾藓［Bryhnia serricuspis(Müll Hal.)Y.F.Wang & R.L.Hu］为K.dumosa(Mitt.)Ignatov & Huttunen的错误鉴定;（2）因树状分枝的植物体、异形的茎枝叶、近及顶的强壮中肋和明显下延的叶基等特征不同于青藓科现存任一类群,故将中国分布的“异叶藓属”植物移入新建属——拟异叶藓属（Pseudokindbergia M.Li,Y.F.Wang,Ignatov & B.C.Tan）中;（3）拟异叶藓属区别于异叶藓属的主要形态特征为：假鳞毛半圆形至三角状半圆形,先端钝或平截;孢蒴倾立至水平;蒴盖圆锥形。（4）到目前为止,中国尚未发现异叶藓属植物的分布。     

湖南南部植物区系新资料

本文报道了湖南双子叶植物1个新记录属、2个新记录种以及1个新记录变种,即中华青牛胆 ［Tinospora sinensis (Loureiro) Merrill］、柳叶润楠(Machilus salicina Hance)、广西白背叶(Mallotus apelta var. kwangsiensis F. P. Metcalf)、赛葵 ［Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke］,赛葵对应的赛葵属(Malvastrum A. Gray)为湖南植物新记录属。入侵植物赛葵可能会对当地的农业生产和生态造成破坏。     

我国沿海拟菱形藻属的2新记录种及其产毒特征分析

为澄清我国沿海拟菱形藻属(Pseudo-nitzschia)的物种多样性,并确认中国海域拟菱形藻属是否具有产生多莫酸(Domoicacid)的能力,采用毛细管显微操作技术从我国沿海水体中分离、纯化拟菱形藻细胞,建立了单克隆培养株系,并基于核糖体转录间隔区ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 序列构建了分子系统树。结果表明,结合在光学显微镜和透射电镜下观察的形态学特征和分子系统发育分析数据,鉴定到我国拟菱形藻属的2新记录种:银河拟菱形藻(P. galaxiae Lundholm & Moestrup)和微孔拟菱形藻(P. micropora Priisholm, Moestrup & Lundholm),对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种类进行了比较研究。利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对多莫酸特征进行了检测,结果表明培养株系并不产生多莫酸。这些为我国拟菱形藻属物种多样性和产毒特征研究提供了基础数据。     

石竹科植物2个中国新记录种

西藏南部地形较为复杂,植物资源丰富,物种多样性高。笔者在对西藏山南地区高山植物多样性调查过程中,经野外调查、采集标本、查阅植物志等相关资料及分类鉴定,结果发现,山南地区隆子县的无心菜属(Arenaria)球花福禄草［A. globiflora (Fenzl) Edgew. & Hook. f.］和错那县蝇子草属(Silene)的错那蝇子草(S. birgittae Bocquet)为中国新记录种。该报道一方面丰富了中国植物区系的内容,更新了国产石竹科植物资料,对中国西藏山南地区植物多样性的保护及研究具有一定意义。另一方面说明中国西藏山南地区的植物多样性调查仍存在许多调查薄弱地区,还需加强相关地区植物多样性调查工作。     

西藏拉鲁湿地硅藻植物的分类研究

该文报道了2015年7月采自西藏拉鲁湿地的硅藻植物共133个分类单位,包括54属122种11变种,分别隶属于3纲12目54属,其中6种为中国新记录,分别为多罗弗里克短缝藻(Eunotia dorofeyukae Lange-BertalotM.S.Kulikovskiy)、嫌钙异极藻(Gomphonema calcifugumm Lange-BertalotE.Reichardt)、坎普登斯异极藻(Gomphonema campodunense E.Reichardt)、三角舟形藻(Navicula trilatera Bahls)、相似弯肋藻(Cymbopleura similiformis Krammer)、兰格伯泰勒特桥弯藻(Cymbella lange-bertalotii Krammer)。并对拉鲁湿地硅藻的种类组成进行了分析,指出了其中的优势属及优势种,对优势种的环境指示进行了分析。     

Studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia

Three fragilarioid diatom taxa were studied in detail at the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy levels from samples collected from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. Two of the taxa are new to science, described here as Staurosirella minuta Morales et M. B. Edlund and Pseudostaurosira tenuis Morales et M. B. Edlund, and may be endemic to Lake Hovsgol. The third taxon has been identified as Fragilaria polonica Witak et Lange‐Bertalot and it is transferred to the genus Pseudostaurosira (Grunow) D. M. Williams et Round as Pseudostaurosira polonica (Witak et Lange‐Bertalot) Morales et M. B. Edlund comb. nov. based on the ultrastructural features of its valves. The relationship of the above taxa to others reported in the literature is included herein, and the nomenclatural transfer, Pseudostaurosira naveana (Le Cohu) Morales et M. B. Edlund comb. nov., is proposed.     

Fine structure of two Hygropetra species,Hygropetra gelasina sp. nov. and Hygropetra balfouriana (Bacillariophyceae), and the taxonomic position of the genus with special reference to Frankophila

A small diatom, Hygropetra gelasina sp. nov., obtained from wet moss is described. This diatom is similar to Hygropetra balfouriana (Grunow ex Cleve) Krammer & Lange‐Bertalot, which was found in the same moss sample. Fine structural observations revealed that H. gelasina has a reduced raphe slit and depressions along the margin of the axial area, at the proximal ends of the striae. Both species are characterized by multiple rows of areolae in each stria and a hexagonal pattern of sub‐pores similar to that in Pinnularia, but differing in the position of the areola occlusions or hymenes, which are internal in Hygropetra. Comparison with Frankophila, which shares the characteristics of reduced raphe slits and areola structure with Hygropetra, provides a reference for future taxonomic study of these related genera.     

PHYLOGENY OF AULACOSEIRA (BACILLARIOPHYTA) BASED ON MOLECULES AND MORPHOLOGY1

The phylogeny of 67 populations representing 45 species of Aulacoseira Thwaites was estimated by maximum parsimony methods using a combination of nucleotide sequence data and qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics of the silica cell wall gathered primarily from original observation by LM and SEM. A new type of character using continuous quantitative variables that describe the ontogenetic‐allometric trajectories of cell wall characteristics over the life cycle (size range) of diatoms is introduced. In addition to the 45 Aulacoseira species, the phylogeny also incorporated one Miosira Krammer, Lange‐Bertalot, and Schiller species and two outgroup species (Melosira varians Agardh and Stephanopyxis nipponica Gran & Yendo). Fifteen species, represented by 24 populations, also contained molecular data from the nuclear genome (18S rDNA), and 11 of these species (18 populations) contained data from the chloroplast genome (rbcL) as well, which were sequenced or downloaded from GenBank. The phylogeny of Aulacoseira is composed of five major clades: 1) an A. crenulata (Ehrenburg) Thwaites and A. italica (Ehrenburg) Simonsen clade, which is the most basal; 2) an A. granulata (Ehrenburg) Simonsen complex clade; 3) an A. ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen clade; 4) an A. subarctica (O. Müller) Haworth and A. distans (Ehrenburg) Simonsen clade; and 5) an A. islandica (O. Müller) Simonsen clade that also contained endemic species from Lake Baikal, Siberia and many extinct Aulacoseira taxa. Monophyly of Aulacoseira can only be achieved if Miosira is no longer given separate generic status.     

Cadmium decontamination and reversal potential of teratological forms of the diatom Planothidium frequentissimum (Bacillariophyceae) after experimental contamination

While the induction of teratology by cadmium (Cd) on diatoms is already known, reversal kinetics are not well documented. This study aims to understand the viability of diatoms exhibiting teratological frustules and their reproduction capacities within a Cd‐impacted population to predict their return to normal diatom forms. We worked on a frequently encountered species in French hydrosystems: Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange‐Bertalot) Round & L. Bukhtiyarova. First, a 21‐d contamination phase highlighted increasing inductionof different teratological types in response to two levels of Cd contamination: 20 and 100 μg · L^?1. The deformity counting indicated that Cd firstly generated striae and mixed teratologies, then affected the central area and the valves. Second, a 28‐d decontamination phase demonstrated the Cd depuration capacity of Planothidium frequentissimum. Cd half‐lives appeared relatively low, ~6 d for the 100 μg · L^?1 condition. Moreover, the decontamination phase showed a decrease in teratology abundances, but a still incomplete recovery after 28 d. Deformations of the striae appeared to be the most sustainable phenotype since they were still significantly higher than in reference cultures at the end of the decontamination phase for both Cd cultures.     

Identity and typification of Navicula hasta (Bacillariophyceae)

The name Navicula hasta is regularly applied to large, heavily silicified Navicula specimens with lanceolate outlines, protracted ends, and relatively coarse, radiate, and lineolate striae that are more irregularly spaced around the central area. As such, Navicula hasta has been reported from numerous localities such as brackish water fossil sediments, oligotrophic ancient lakes and postglacial lakes. When the data for distribution of Navicula hasta are summarized, this species appears to be geographically and temporally widespread with a broad range of ecologic tolerances. Published reports for size range show that diatomists during the last century have differing concepts of the species starting with the disagreement between the protologue and one of the figures given by Pantocsek. Furthermore, an informal ‘type’ of Navicula hasta reported in 1980 does not match the protologue and is not unambiguously based on material Pantocsek had in his hands when describing his new species. We studied published reports of Navicula hasta and investigated material reported to contain Navicula hasta and its allies from the type locality (Köpecz), one of the fossil deposits reported to contain N. hasta (Bodos) and from ancient and other younger lakes worldwide. From our analyses, we document the variation and underappreciated diversity within the Navicula hasta group and set the stage for formal recognition of new species in subsequent papers. Herein, we formally propose a lectotype from among the original illustrations and designate an epitype for Navicula hasta based on Pantocsek's Köpecz material. Additionally, two new species, Navicula krenneri spec. nov. and Navicula pseudohasta spec. nov. are described and a lectotype of Navicula superhasta Lange‐Bertalot and Metzeltin is proposed.     

Xenococconeis opunohusiensis gen. et sp. nov. and Xenococconeis neocaledonica comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from the tropical South Pacific

During a survey of the coral reef diatoms of Moorea Island (Society Archipelago, South Pacific) a small‐sized member of the order Achnanthales was studied using a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This marine taxon has: a raphe valve (RV) with a non‐crenulate edge; a high cingulum; a sternum valve (SV) often irregularly striated and areolae with concave hymenate pore occlusion; a thick and plain SV valvocopula (SVVC), ring‐shaped, composed of large fused fimbriae, with a central elliptic foramen bordered by the peg‐like edge of the fimbriae. On abvalvar side, the SVVC bears radiate concave and robust transapical ribs, interlinking with short elevated transverse ribs of the RV valvocopula (RVVC). Large marginal fenestrae of the RVVC give access to pseudoloculi. One oblong, unique and striated papilla is located on each RVVC rib. Given this unique set of features, we describe Xenococconeis opunohusiensis gen. et sp. nov. as a new taxon belonging to the Achnanthales. The characteristics of the new taxon are compared with Campyloneis Grunow and Cocconeis Ehrenberg. From New Caledonia, Cocconeis neocaledonica Maillard ex Lange‐Bertalot et Steindorf, a freshwater diatom, was described with two internal septa with marginal pseudoloculi. Based on subsequent SEM illustrations and remarks, we propose the transfer of C. neocaledonica to the new genus, and compare it to the type species, Xenococconeis opunohusiensis.     

MICROFISSURATA GEN. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYTA), A NEW DIATOM GENUS FROM DYSTROPHIC AND INTERMITTENTLY WET TERRESTRIAL HABITATS1

A new freshwater benthic diatom genus, Microfissurata gen. nov., was identified from light and scanning electron micrographs. The most characteristic morphological feature (referred to also by the name of the new genus) is the structure of the striae/alveoli, which are simple, mostly uninterrupted, transapical slits. The combination of characteristics of the new genus is unique. It includes two new species: Microfissurata paludosa Cantonati et Lange‐Bert. sp. nov. and M. australis Van de Vijver et Lange‐Bert. sp. nov., distributed in Europe and on an austral island, respectively. The new genus occurs in freshwater dystrophic lakes, pools, seepage springs, mires, and in intermittently wet terrestrial habitats. It is not abundant but widespread wherever these habitat types are well developed, in Nordic‐alpine and sub‐Antarctic areas. Overall, the new genus appears to be mostly epiphytic (bryophilous) and capable of tolerating a wide range of moisture conditions (xerotolerant). The finding of the type species (M. paludosa) in a well‐investigated area like central Europe highlights the diatom species richness of dystrophic habitats and their importance for diatom biodiversity conservation.