Quox-1基因同源序列在人胚早期发育中的表达

以Quox-1基因的特异性片段b_2为探针,与人基因组DNA作Southern杂交,结果显示,人基因组中存在Quox-1基因的同源序列。以抗Quox-1蛋白的抗体与早期人胚胎组织的切片作免疫组化反应研究了Quox-1基因同源序列在人胚早期发育过程中的表达,结果表明其表达有明显的时间和空间特异性。胚龄30天以前,Quox-1基因的同源序列在人胚包括神经管等许多部位表达,30天以后表达部位局限于脊索、心肌细胞、生肌节、消化道上皮及周皮等处。文中讨论了Quox-1基因同源顺序对人类胚胎早期发育过程可能的调控作用。     

人细胞中QuOX-1基因的定位、表达和多态性

用Southern杂交法研究Quox-1基因在人正常白细胞、LCE细胞及其HeLa细胞中的限制性酶切片段多态性;免疫组织化学方法研究Quox-1基因在人细胞中的表达。结果表明：在正常人细胞DNA中存在鹌鹑Quox-1基因的同源序列,在LCE等肿瘤细胞中Quox-1基因表现出明显的限制性酶切片段多态性和基因扩增现象。Quox-1蛋白在HeLa、LCE等肿瘤细胞中激活表达,而在正常人白细胞未检测出Quox-1基因的表达。Quox-1基因同人类的肿瘤发生、发展和癌变具有一定的相关性。     

Quox-1基因同源序列在小鼠精子发生中的表达

Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因是从鹌鹑中分离得到的Ａｎｔｐ类型的一个同源异形盒基因。以＾３２Ｐ标记的Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因的ｃ３片段为探针,采用分子杂交技术确定了小鼠基因组中存在Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因同源序列。以抗ＱＵＯＸ－１蛋白的特异性抗体对幼年小鼠睾丸、成年小鼠睾丸及附睾的蛋白质样品和组织切片,分别进行了Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析和免疫组织化学反应。结果证明,性成熟小鼠在精子发生过程中的精子形成阶段有类ＱＵＯＸ－１蛋     

同源异型框基因与动物早期发育

同源异型框基因广泛存在于真核生物中,编码一类转录调节蛋白。同源异型框基因在动物早期发育的基因调控中起着非常重要的作用。在动物胚胎发育过程中,同源异型框基因的表达具有复杂的时空模式和调控系统。Antp族基因对于早期胚胎发育中的模式建成,器官分化等具有重要意义。     

Pax—6基因在发育中的表达与动物眼的进货

近年在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中分离出Pax-6基因及其同源基因,这些基因都与动物的眼与神经系统的发育和形态发生有关。本文着重比较了无脊椎动物果蝇、文昌鱼、哺乳动物小鼠和人的Pax-6基因编码蛋白,Pax-6基因在发育过程中的表达,Pax-6与眼进化的关系等几个方面,并介绍Pax-6基因为靶基因的转基因果蝇的上游制作技术和原理,探讨了Pax-6基因作为眼发育的主导基因的作用和时空表达模式的保守性。     

人胸腺素α1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据质粒pPIC9K中信号肽基因和质粒pPIC3.5K/hTα1-RP,构建表达质粒pPIC9K/S-hTα1-RP,通过电激法转化到毕赤酵母GS115菌株中。甲醇诱导表达融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果证明,重组基因hTα1-RP在酵母中得到了表达。     

FMR—1同源基因在大鼠脑发育过程中持续表达

以克隆的人ＦＭＲ－１ ｃＤＮＡ片段为探针，进行ＲＮＡ印迹杂交，检测发育过程中大鼠脑组织ＦＭＲ－１同源基因的表达，结果显示从胚胎早期至出生后一个月该基因有持续表达，其中在胚胎发育晚期表达量较高，提示ＦＭＲ－１基因可能参与胎脑发育的调节。     

植物抗病基因同源序列及其在抗病基因克隆与定位中的应用

近10年来已有20多个植物抗病基因被克隆,测序,这些抗病基因所编码的蛋白中大多含有核苷酸结合位点,富含亮氨酸重复序列,蛋白激酶,亮氨酸拉链结构,跨膜结构域,Toll白介素－1区域等保守结构域。利用这些保守结构域合成PCR引物,已扩增出大量的植物抗病基因同源序列（RGA）。对RGA与抗病基因的关系进行了分析,讨论了RGA在研究抗病基因进化中的作用,指出RGA在抗病基因定位和转基因中具有重要意义。     

Differential expression of the Quox-1 gene in normal human cells,early human embryo,and tumor cells

Quox-1 is the only gene in the hox family whose expression occurs throughout the developing central nervous system. The differential expression of the Quox-1 gene was studied in normal human tissues and tumor tissues. Marked expression of Quox-1 was detected in early human embryos, LCE cells, and HeLa cells, with weak to zero expression being detected in various normal human tissues. Immunocytochemistry analysis further confirmed that the Quox-1 protein was absent in normal human leukocytes. However, high levels of Quox-1 product were found in leukocytes of acute lymphocyte leukemia patients and in patients with a subtype of acute nonlymphocyte leukemia. In addition, Southern blot analysis showed that the genomic DNA of LCE, HeLa, and normal human leukocyte cells had a DNA rearrangement of the Quox-1 gene, suggesting that the rearrangement of genomic DNA might be the cause of differential expression in normal human tissues and tumor tissues. The data implied that the overexpression of Quox-1 was associated with tumors, and that there may be links between the processes of embryogenesis and carcinogenesis.     

The expression of the apolipoprotein A-1 gene in the early stages of human embryogenesis studied by hybridization in situ]

The apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) gene expression at certain stages of human embryo development was studied using an in situ hybridization procedure. By the fifth week of development, the presence of apo A-1 mRNAs was detected in cells of different tissue types such as CNS rudiment, somite myotomes, ear vesicle, nasal placodes, lens, apical areas of the maxillary, mandibular and hyoid arcs, mesenchyme of limb buds, small intestine, mesonephros, genital ridge, and several types of blood cells. At later stages (weeks 8-9) the distribution of these mRNAs showed considerable changes. The high apo A-1 mRNA level was characteristic of liver cells, adrenals, kidney, neural tube and ganglia. These data suggest that changes in tissue-specific apo A-1 gene expression during human embryogenesis may be associated with the development of blood circulatory system and CNS.     

Expression of the SMADIP1 gene during early human development

There are four members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family; PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C and PDGF-D. Their biological effects are mediated via two tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta, and PDGF-mediated signaling is critical for development of many organ systems. Analysis in adult tissues showed that PDGF-C was mainly expressed in kidney, testis, liver, heart and brain. During development, PDGF-C expression was widespread and dynamic, and found in somites and their derivatives, in kidney, lung, brain, and in several other tissues, particularly at sites of developing epidermal openings. PDGF-C may therefore have unique functions during tissue development and maintenance.     

Glucose transporter gene expression in early mouse embryos.

The glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms responsible for glucose uptake in early mouse embryos have been identified. GLUT 1, the isoform present in nearly every tissue examined including adult brain and erythrocytes, is expressed throughout preimplantation development. GLUT 2, which is normally present in adult liver, kidney, intestine and pancreatic beta cells is expressed from the 8-cell stage onward. GLUT 4, an insulin-recruitable isoform, which is expressed in adult fat and muscle, is not expressed at any stage of preimplantation development or in early postimplantation stage embryos. Genetic mapping studies of glucose transporters in the mouse show that Glut-1 is located on chromosome 4, Glut-2 on chromosome 3, Glut-3 on chromosome 6, and Glut-4 on chromosome 11.     

The human preproendothelin-1 gene. Complete nucleotide sequence and regulation of expression

Endothelin-1 is a 21-amino acid potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. We have cloned the whole length of the human preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) gene and the corresponding cDNA and determined the complete nucleotide sequences. The 2026-nucleotide human mRNA for PPET-1 (excluding the polY(A) tail) is encoded in five exons distributed over 6836 base pairs of the genome. The 5'-flanking region of the gene contains (i) octanucleotide sequences for the phorbol ester-responsive elements, also known as the binding elements for FOS.JUN complex; (ii) consensus motifs for the binding site of nuclear factor 1, which may mediate the induction described previously of PPET-1 mRNA by transforming growth factor-beta; (iii) hexanucleotide sequences for the acute phase reactant regulatory elements that may be involved in the induction of endothelin-1 under acute physical stress in vivo. Further, the 3'-nontranslated sequence of human PPET-1 mRNA contains three AUUUA motifs, which may mediate selective translation-dependent destabilization of the mRNA. Northern blot analysis in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins shows that PPET-1 mRNA is in fact rapidly induced by the active phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate within 10 min. Analysis of mRNA life span by using actinomycin D demonstrates that PPET-1 mRNA has a short intracellular half-life of about 15 min and is superinduced by cycloheximide. This superinduction is found to be due to the stabilization of the mRNA by cycloheximide, as in the case of other known AUUUA-containing mRNAs. These findings suggest that the regulation of expression of PPET-1 mRNA may be mediated in part by these sequence elements.     

XRASGRP2 expression during early development of Xenopus embryos

Previously, we described the DNA microarray screening of vascular endothelial cells that were formed by treatment of aggregates prepared from Xenopus animal cap cells with activin and angiopoietin-2. One of the genes identified in this screening showed homology to human RASGRP2 which plays a role in the regulation of GTP-GDP exchange of the Ras and Rap proteins, and was named XRASGRP2. In the present study, we analyzed the expression pattern of xrasgrp2 during Xenopus embryogenesis. The xrasgrp2 mRNA was expressed after stage 24, as assessed by stage PCR analysis. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that xrasgrp2 mRNA was located in the vascular region of the embryo. Loss-of-function analysis revealed that the formation of blood and endothelial cells in the explants transplanted into Xenopus embryos was inhibited by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides that block xrasgrp2 translation. These results suggest that XRASGRP2 plays a role in angiogenesis in Xenopus embryos.