世界植物学与真菌学的信息中心——英国邱园标本馆

邱园标本馆位于英国伦敦市郊西南部,坐落于举世闻名的英国皇家植物园正门旁,旁边有泰晤士河流过,是世界上最重要的标本馆和植物学研究机构之一。     

浅析"集合种"的概念并略论我国古代文献中植物学名的考订

汤彦承和王锦秀(2009)最近在<云南植物研究>发表了<在植物考据中应用进化思想的探讨>一文.题目很吸引人,但细究该文内容,实际上就是通过举例提出在考订我国古代文献所载植物名称(plant names in the ancient Chinese literature)的名实(identity)时,如果对学名不能完全肯定,则最好使用"集合种(species aggregate)"或"复合种(species complex)"这样的术语,而并没有阐述进化思想与学名考订究竟有何关系.     

《广西本草选编》一些植物学名的更动

<正> 由广西壮族自治区卫生局主编,广西人民出版社(1974年)出版的《广西本草选编》上、下册,共收载药物一千种,每种均有学名和插图,书末还附有验方544条,是一本比较实用的本草书。为便于日常使用,特将该书中收载的现已更动了的植物学名加以整理列出。这些学名更动的原因,多数是原用的学名已经废弃,作为异名处理,现将其     

The taxonomic name resolution service: an online tool for automated standardization of plant names

Background

The digitization of biodiversity data is leading to the widespread application of taxon names that are superfluous, ambiguous or incorrect, resulting in mismatched records and inflated species numbers. The ultimate consequences of misspelled names and bad taxonomy are erroneous scientific conclusions and faulty policy decisions. The lack of tools for correcting this ‘names problem’ has become a fundamental obstacle to integrating disparate data sources and advancing the progress of biodiversity science.

Results

The TNRS, or Taxonomic Name Resolution Service, is an online application for automated and user-supervised standardization of plant scientific names. The TNRS builds upon and extends existing open-source applications for name parsing and fuzzy matching. Names are standardized against multiple reference taxonomies, including the Missouri Botanical Garden's Tropicos database. Capable of processing thousands of names in a single operation, the TNRS parses and corrects misspelled names and authorities, standardizes variant spellings, and converts nomenclatural synonyms to accepted names. Family names can be included to increase match accuracy and resolve many types of homonyms. Partial matching of higher taxa combined with extraction of annotations, accession numbers and morphospecies allows the TNRS to standardize taxonomy across a broad range of active and legacy datasets.

Conclusions

We show how the TNRS can resolve many forms of taxonomic semantic heterogeneity, correct spelling errors and eliminate spurious names. As a result, the TNRS can aid the integration of disparate biological datasets. Although the TNRS was developed to aid in standardizing plant names, its underlying algorithms and design can be extended to all organisms and nomenclatural codes. The TNRS is accessible via a web interface at http://tnrs.iplantcollaborative.org/ and as a RESTful web service and application programming interface. Source code is available at https://github.com/iPlantCollaborativeOpenSource/TNRS/.     

Tools and methodologies for cytogenetic studies of plant chromosomes

A brief overview is presented in advances in cytogenetic methodology and development of aneuploid stocks since the 1920s. The methodologies range from first reports of chromosome numbers of major organisms, the development of chromosome karyotypes, then aneuploid stocks in the major crop plants. Molecular inputs included chromosome banding techniques, molecular marker maps and in situ hybridization methodologies. All of the new techniques greatly increased the degree of resolution obtained from cytogenetic studies.     

Tools and methodologies for cytogenetic studies of plant chromosomes

A brief overview is presented in advances in cytogenetic methodology and the development of aneuploid stocks since the 1920s. The methodologies range from first reports of chromosome numbers of major organisms, the development of chromosome karyotypes, then aneuploid stocks in major crop plants. Molecular inputs include chromosome banding techniques, molecular marker maps, and in situ hybridization methodologies. All of the new techniques have greatly increased the degree of resolution obtained from cytogenetic studies. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

中国植物分类学者姓名拼写的讨论与建议

在汉语拼音方案未正式推行前, 近代较早的文献书籍里对中国植物分类学者姓名的记载以威妥玛拼音为主, 同时混杂其他拼音形式, 另外存在诸多以缩写方式记录人名的情况。在进行近当代中国植物学的文献阅读、资料查询以及文献引证时, 多样化的人名拼写与缩写方式在一定程度上造成了困扰与混乱。本文简述了中国植物分类学发展初期主要用于人名地名的拼写系统, 以近当代中国植物学相关研究者的姓名索引为基础数据, 结合国内外的植物学相关网站及数据库, 整理出了较完整的早期中国植物分类学家姓名拼写的信息对照表。基于历史数据和当下应用实例, 归纳了中国植物分类学者姓名拼写多样现象的类型及其原因。过去及当代国内外在拼写中国人名上存在的问题有: (1)历史记载中写法不规范现象; (2)不同拼音形式的识别与使用混乱现象; (3)现代拼写在姓与名的顺序、拼音大小写、双名连接以及缩写上不统一现象。最后, 我们提出了关于中国植物分类学者姓名拼写与引用的建议。     

Protein trafficking in plant cells: Tools and markers

Eukaryotic cells consist of numerous membrane-bound organelles,which compartmentalize cellular materials to fulfil a variety of vital functions.In the post-genomic era,it is widely recognized that identification of the subcellular organelle localization and transport mechanisms of the encoded proteins are necessary for a fundamental understanding of their biological functions and the organization of cellular activity.Multiple experimental approaches are now available to determine the subcellular localizations and dynamics of proteins.In this review,we provide an overview of the current methods and organelle markers for protein subcellular localization and trafficking studies in plants,with a focus on the organelles of the endomembrane system.We also discuss the limitations of each method in terms of protein colocalization studies.