共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中, 培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础, 可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源, 但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展,并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
组织培养技术的日益成熟,使数以千计的植物通过器官或胚胎发生形成了再生植株。按照Haberlandt的细胞全能性学说,即植物的每个体细胞具有相同的遗传信息,因此人们起先认为本质是无性繁殖的组织培养所得到的再生植株应与原来植株的基因型是一致的。但是,随着有人首先注意到培养的细胞和再生植株有形态及染色体变异以来(Blakely等,1964),已有众多的报道发现植物离体培养物和再生植株会发生各种各样的变异。其中许多变异在品种改良上颇有价值,引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣。一些研究者从不同的角度对体细胞无性系变异现象作了很好的综述(Larkinand Scowcroft,1981;Orton,1983;Maliga,1984;商效民,1984;朱至清,1991)。本文结合近些年的新进展,对植物体细胞无性系变异研究领域进行较系统的评述,以丰富体细胞遗传学的内容,促进其在植物改良上应用研究的发展。 相似文献
3.
果树体细胞无性系变异与品种改良 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对果树组织与细胞培养过程中,体细胞无性系变异的普遍性和多样性,影响体细胞无性系变异的因素和调控措施,导致体细胞无性系变异可能的细胞学与分子机制,以及体细胞无性系变异与果树品种改良的关系作了阐述,并对果树体细胞无性系变异的研究前景作了展望。 相似文献
4.
5.
植物体细胞无性系变异的分子基础 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
TheMoleculBasicofSomaclonalVariationinPlantsZhangChunyiYangHanmin(BiologyDepartmentofLanzhouUniversityLanzhou730000)近年来,随着植物细胞和组织培养技术的迅速发展与广泛应用,不断发现在培养细胞和再生植株中存在着各种不同的变异,其中有些是可以遗传的,这种可遗传的变异被称为体细胞无性系变异[39].变异的发生有其遗传学基础,具体表现在显微水平上的染色体数目和结构变异与分子水平上的基因突变、碱基修饰、基因扩增或丢失、基因重排以及转座因子的激活而影响核及细胞质基因的表达等等.目前,人们在已经积累的大量有… 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础及主要影响因素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
刘福平 《基因组学与应用生物学》2010,29(6)
植物体细胞无性系变异在组织培养中是非常普遍的现象,对改良植物品种和选育新品种具有重要的意义,但同时也是植物组培在所有其它应用领域的一大难题。植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础包括染色体变异、转座子活化、DNA甲基化状态改变、基因突变和DNA重复序列的改变等,这些因素相互关联,不是孤立地作为体细胞无性系变异的起源。在影响体细胞无性系变异的主要因素中,外植体脱分化的细胞分裂方式、培养基的生长调节物质、培养物经受氧化胁迫水平与体细胞无性系变异有着较为密切的联系,其中外源生长素、细胞分裂素是最重要的外部影响因素。通过本综述,在减少组培过程中无性系变异方面,建议深入了解生长调节物质与体细胞无性系变异遗传基础的关系,并以此为基础尝试无性系变异防控办法。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
体外选择与体细胞无性系变异在抗病育种中的应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文综述了体外选择与体细胞无性系变异进行抗病育种的方法、影响因素、优缺点及研究进展等。
Application of in vitro Selection and Somaclonal Variation in Improvement of Disease Resistance
LIU Jin-ping,ZHENG Cheng-mu
South China University of Tropical Agriculture,Agronomy College Zhanzhou,Hainan 571737,China
Abstract:Techniques,influencing factors,advantages,disadvantages and advances in improvement of disease resistance using in vitro selection and somaclonal variation were summarized.
Key words:in vitro selection;somaclonal variation;improvement of disease resistance 相似文献
12.
F. X. Côte C. Teisson X. Perrier 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):539-542
Summary In order to better understand somaclonal variant rate evolution in plant tissue culture, a statistical approach has been adopted.
According to this approach, the variant percentage could be calculated by: %V=[1−(1−p)
n
]×100, where %V is the percentage of variant, p the probability of variation and n the number of multiplication cycles. A numerical estimation was performed to characterize the variance of this function.
It has been demonstrated that a wide scale of variance is associated with ‘%V’, due to the occurrence of variations after
a variable number of multiplication cycles in the different lines of culture. Two main conclusions can be drawn from this
model: (1) a variant rate increase can be expected as an exponential function of the number of multiplication cycles; (2)
after a given number of multiplication cycles, variable off-types percentages can be expected. Due to the complexity of biological
systems, this statistical approach could obviously not be applied directly for the calculation and forecasting of variant
rates in tissue culture. However, this approach results in a better understanding of two apparently confusing experimental
features often reported in tissue culture: the increase of the variant rate as a function of the length of the culture period
on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the observations of different variant rates among lines cultured for the same lengths
of time under strietly identical culture conditions. This approach also underlined that the comparison of somaclonal variant
percentage between batches of plants from different in vitro treatments could be, in some cases, insufficient for ascertaining a difference of variability generated by tissue culture. 相似文献
13.
植物体细胞无性系变异的细胞学和分子生物学研究进展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,关于这些变异的起源存在多种观点,如转座因子的活化、DNA甲基化等。本文综述了植物体细胞无性系的研究进展,从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次对无性系变异的起源进行了讨论 相似文献
14.
15.
植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,关于这些变异的起源存在多种观点,如转座因子的活化、DNA甲基化等。本文综述了植物体细胞无性系的研究进展,从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次对无性系变异的起源进行了讨论。 相似文献
16.
17.
S. W. Adkins T. Shiraishi J. A. McComb S. Ratanopol T. Kupkanchanakul L. J. Armstrong A. L. Schultz 《Physiologia plantarum》1990,80(4):647-654
The ability to withstand complete submergence was studied in R2 seedlings raised by self-pollination from 158 R1 plants regenerated from callus of mature rice seeds (cultivars FR13A and Calrose). Compared to parental controls, significant improvement in submergence tolerance as assessed by percentage survival, number of new leaves and chlorophyll content of the third leaf, was found in 5 of the 115 cv. FR13A somaclones and 3 of the 43 cv. Calrose somaclones tested using an aquarium system in a controlled-temperature glasshouse. With some exceptions these improvements were also observed in the R3 generation when tested under field conditions in Thailand. Variation in other agronomically important characters was observed in the R2 plants grown in a temperature glasshouse under 2 contrasting environments. 相似文献
18.
Bhaskaran S. Smith R. H. Paliwal S. Schertz K. F. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,9(3):189-196
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, plants were regenerated from 4 to 5 month old callus cultures originally derived from seedling explants. Somaclonal... 相似文献