一氧化氮、内皮素-1对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后脑损伤的影响

目的: 研究一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)在大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注(LI/R)后脑损伤中的作用,探讨NO/ET-1平衡关系的变化对脑损伤的影响.方法: 在大鼠LI/R损伤模型上,应用NO合成前体物质L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂氨基胍(AG)、ETA受体阻断剂BQl23进行干预,观察血浆 NO、ET-1、MDA、XOD、SOD、LDH及脑组织tNOS、iNOS、cNOS、NO、ET-1、MDA、XOD、MPO、 SOD的变化.结果: 与对照组比较,I/R组血浆MDA、XOD、LDH及脑组织MDA、XOD、MPO升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.01),脑组织tNOS和iNOS明显升高,而cNOS明显降低(P<0.01),I/R组血浆及脑组织NO、ET-1增加,NO/ET-1比值降低,脑损伤加重.应用L-Arg及BQ123后,血浆及脑组织NO/ET-1比值较I/R组升高,脑损伤减轻,应用AG后,NO/ET-1比值降低,脑损伤进一步加重.结论: 肢体缺血/再灌注后,一氧化氮与内皮素-l的比值降低时脑损伤加重.     

雌激素通过调节Gα_s-cAMP通路减轻异丙肾上腺素导致的大鼠心肌损伤

本研究旨在通过给予去卵巢大鼠异丙肾上腺素制作心肌损伤及心功能异常模型,探讨雌激素通过调节兴奋性G(Gαs)蛋白-环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号通路纠正儿茶酚胺导致的心功能异常的机制。观察雌激素对大鼠血流动力学参数:左心室收缩峰压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左心室内压上升的最大变化速率(+dp/dtmax)、左心室内压下降的最大变化速率(-dp/dtmax),血浆脑尿钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP),cAMP浓度和心肌中Gαs蛋白表达的影响。结果显示:与假手术组相比,去卵巢大鼠的血流动力学参数、血浆BNP水平、血浆cAMP水平没有显著改变;但给予去卵巢大鼠异丙肾上腺素后,血流动力学参数LVSP、+dp/dtmax降低(P0.01),LVEDP、-dp/dtmax升高(P0.01),血浆BNP水平升高(P0.01),血浆cAMP水平降低(P0.01);而进一步的雌激素补充则改善了心功能:LVSP、+dp/dtmax升高(P0.01),LVEDP、-dp/dtmax降低(P0.05,P0.01),血浆BNP水平降低(P0.01),cAMP水平升高(P0.01);雌激素对Gαs蛋白表达没有显著影响。结果提示:雌激素对心肌损伤具有保护作用,升高cAMP水平,改善心肌收缩过度抑制,调节心脏的功能状态。     

一氧化氮在铁诱导的大鼠心肌损伤中的作用

采用Langendorff灌流大鼠心脏和酶解分离的心肌细胞为实验模型,研究铁负荷下心肌损伤情况以及一氧化氮（NO）在铁诱导的心肌损伤中的地位。结果显示:（1）心肌铁负荷（Fe-HQ）可使分离心肌细胞舒张期细胞长度缩短、收缩幅度和速度降低,离体灌流心脏左室发展压（LVDP）、±dp/dtmax、冠脉流量呈现双相变化;冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）释放量和心肌丙二醛（MDA）增高。（2）NO的前体L-精氨酸（L-argi-nine,L-Arg）引起心肌细胞舒张期细胞长度缩短、收缩幅度降低。离体灌流心脏LVDP、冠脉流量、和±dp/dtmax增高,用K-H液复灌后可恢复正常。（3）L-Arg预处理,再行Fe-HQ灌流,与单纯的L-Arg或Fe-HQ组相比,心肌细胞舒张期细胞长度、收缩幅度和速度减小;离体灌流心脏LVDP、±dp/dtmax、心率和冠脉流量明显下降,冠脉流出液中LDH、CK增加。（4）Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）和Fe-HQ合并灌流后,与单纯Fe-HQ组相比,心肌细胞舒张期细胞长度、收缩幅度和速度增加。L-NAME可阻断Fe-HQ引起的LVDP、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）和±dp/dtmax降低,冠脉流出液中LDH、CK增高。（5）用Triton X-100短暂处理以去除冠脉内皮后,与保留冠脉内皮的心肌相比,Fe-HQ引起的LVDP和±dp/dtmax的一过性增高现象被抑制,但     

富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:研究富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:将32只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、实验组和阳性对照组(n=8)。实验组术前按5.0 g/(kg·d)灌服富硒板党水溶液,阳性对照组按300 mg/(kg·d)灌服通心络胶囊,假手术组和模型组按5 ml/(kg·d)灌服生理盐水,连续给药14 d,参考Jonassen方法制作心肌缺血/再灌注模型,记录再灌注30 min内发生的的心律失常,并对室性心律失常(VA)进行量化评分,监测再灌注30 min时左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室内压力上升最大速率(LV+dp/dtmax)及左室压力下降最大速率(LV-dp/dtmax),检测各组大鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性与丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与与假手术组比,模型组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著降低,VA和LVEDP明显升高,血清LDH、CK活性显著增强,SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量明显增加(P0.01);与模型组比,实验组及阳性对照组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax显著升高,VA和LVEDP明显降低,血清LDH、CK活性显著降低,SOD活性显著增强,MDA含量明显减少(P0.01);与阳性对照组比,实验组大鼠VA、LVSP、+dp/dtmax、LVEDP-dp/dtmax和血清LDH、CK、SOD活性与MDA含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:富硒板党对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制与抗氧化损伤有一定关系。     

缺血预适应对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤的影响

目的:观察肢体缺血预适应对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注(I/R)后肺损伤的影响并探讨其机制。方法:将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):对照组(C),肢体缺血/再灌注组(LI/R),缺血预适应组(IPC)和L-NAME组。各组大鼠均于肢体缺血4h再灌注4h处死,分别测定其动脉血氧分压(PaO2)和二氧化碳分压(PaCO2),血浆及肺组织丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)含量,计算血浆NO/ET比值;以及肺湿干比(W/D)、肺系数(LI),肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量。结果:大鼠LI/R后4h,PaO2明显降低;W/D、LI、血浆及肺组织的MDA、NO、ET和肺组织MPO活性均明显增加,而血浆NO/ET比值明显减小。与LI/R组比较,IPC组各项损伤指标明显减轻,NO水平升高,血浆NO/ET比值明显增大。与对照组和IPC组比较,L-NAME处理组,各项损伤指标数值明显增加,NO水平降低;血浆NO/ET比值明显减小,差异均具有显著性。各组大鼠PaCO2的变化无显著性。结论:缺血预适应对肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与内源性NO合成增加有关。     

硫化氢对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对c-Fos蛋白表达的影响

为探讨硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)对大鼠心肌缺血,再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)损伤的保护作用及机制,雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠被随机分为对照组(假手术组)、I/R组、2.8μmol/kg体重NaHS干预组、14 μmol/kg体重NaHS干预组.结扎冠状动脉前降支30 min后,松扎再灌注60 min,心电图Ⅱ导联检测和TTC染色测定心肌梗死面积评价制作的心肌I/R模型:测定血浆中H2S浓度变化;监测血流动力学指标(LVSP,LV±dp/dtmax);HE染色和透射电镜观察心肌形态学改变;免疫组织化学方法测定心肌组织中c-Fos蛋白表达.结果显示:心肌I/R后血浆中H2S浓度明显低于对照组[(30.32±5.26)vs(58.28±7.86)μmol/L,P<0.05]:2.8和14μmol/kg体重NaHS均可显著改善I/R引起的心功能改变,且14μmol/kg体重NaHS较2.8 μmol/kg体重NaHS作用强;14 μmol/kg体重NaHS明显减轻心肌形态学及超微结构损伤,同时降低大鼠I/R心肌组织中c-Fos蛋白表达(0.20±0.06vs0.32±0.10,P<0.05).以上结果提示,H2S对大鼠心肌的I/R损伤有保护作用,这可能与其降低c-Fos蛋白表达有关.     

白藜芦醇甙对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

本文利用冠脉结扎/放松方法和Langendorff灌注技术,建立在体和离体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)损伤模型,探讨白藜芦醇甙(polydatin)对大鼠I/R心肌损伤的保护作用及其机制.观察白藜芦醇甙对缺血和再灌注心律失常、心肌梗死面积、心脏收缩功能、心肌超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、NO含量以及一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的影响.结果显示:与对照组相比,白藜芦醇甙组大鼠缺血和再灌注心律失常明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌梗死面积显著减少(P相似文献   

缺氧/复氧大鼠心肌中IL-1β浓度的动态变化及意义

目的:探讨大鼠心肌中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)在心肌缺氧/复氧过程中的动态变化及其意义。方法:采用Langendorff方法制备离体大鼠心肌缺氧/复氧模型。40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(A组)和缺氧/复氧组(H/R组)。H/R组按照复氧时间分为H/R 0.5 h、H/R 1 h、H/R 2 h组(B、C、D组)(n=10)。连续纪录各组左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室发展压最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dtmax)的变化,ELISA检测各组心肌IL-1β和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的浓度,RT-PCR检测心肌IL-1βmRNA的表达水平,光镜观察心肌结构。结果:与对照组相比,H/R组大鼠LVDP、±dp/dtmax值均降低(P0.05),心肌中IL-1β的含量及IL-1βmRNA的表达明显升高(P0.05),CK-MB浓度上升(P0.05),随复氧时间的延长以上指标的变化更明显,B、C、D组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),H/R 2 h组心肌中的IL-1β、CK-MB的浓度以及IL-1βmRNA的表达量与A、B、C组相比,达到最高(P0.05)。结论:大鼠心肌缺氧/复氧后IL-1β在心肌组织中的表达上升并引起心肌再灌注损伤。     

蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物对内毒素性离体大鼠心脏功能的影响

目的研究蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物(PCA)组分对大鼠内毒素(LPS)性心肌损伤作用的影响。方法取SD雄性大鼠32只随机分成正常对照组、LPS组、PCA组和PCA LPS组,用Krebs-Henseleit(K-H)液对大鼠离体心脏行主动脉逆灌。在相应时点记录HR、LVSP、LVEDP、LVDP、 dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax的变化,并测定冠脉流出液中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果PCA明显减轻LPS诱导的心功能改变并抑制心肌SOD活性降低和MDA的升高(P<0.01)。结论PCA对内毒素诱导的心肌损伤改善作用明显,其机制可能是通过保护血管内皮功能,改善微循环,稳定心肌酶活性和膜相结构等途径有关。     

NO对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肾脏P-选择素表达的影响及意义

目的：探讨一氧化氮（NO）对大鼠LI／R后肾脏P-选择素表达的影响及意义。方法：采用本室常规方法复制大鼠LI／R模型。将大鼠随机分为四组：对照组,LI／R组,L—Arg组和L-NAME组。观察肢体缺血4h再灌注4h后各组动物血浆NO及肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）的变化;观察肾组织NO、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、总一氧化氮合酶（tNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、结构型一氧化氮合酶（cNOS）的改变;测定尿蛋白含量、利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测尿蛋白性质;免疫组织化学方法检测肾组织P-选择素（P—selectin）的蛋白表达,结合自动图象分析系统对其结果进行定量分析;肾组织切片经六氨银染色在光镜下观察其形态学改变。结果：与control组比较．LI／R组大鼠血浆NO、BUN、Cr均明显升高;肾组织MPO、NO、tNOS、iNOS均明显增加,而cNOS明显下降;尿蛋白含量增多,电泳显示,有大分子量蛋白排出;光镜下可见肾小管上皮细胞水肿,有炎细胞浸润：免疫组化结果显示：P-selectin蛋白表达明显较control组增强。与LI／R组相比,L-Arg组各项损伤指标明显减轻;肾组织P—selectin蛋白表达明显减弱;L-NAME组血浆和肾组织各项损伤指标明显加重;肾组织P—selectin蛋白表达明显增加。结论：大鼠LI／R后急性肾损伤的发生可能与P—selectin的表达有关;NO可能通过减弱P-selectin的表达及中性粒细胞的浸润,减轻LI／R后肾脏组织形态学及肾功能的损伤性变化。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.