The interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β

ADAM family consists of a number of transmembrane proteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. ADAMs are involved in a highly diverse set of biological processes, including fertilization, neurogenesis, myogenesis and inflammatory response. The ADAM proteins have both cell adhesion and protease activities. Adam22 is highly expressed in human brain. The adam22-/- mice presented severe ataxia and died before weaning, but the function of ADAM22 is still unknown. 14-3-3β interacting with ADAM22 was detected by using yeast two-hybrid assay. The specificity of interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β was proved by in vitro binding assay and immunoprecipitation. The major 14-3-3β binding site was located in the last 28 amino acid residues of ADAM22 cytoplasmic tail. Protein 14-3-3β is abundant and plays an important role in mediating cell diffusion, migration and cell cycle control. The interaction of ADAM22 and 14-3-3β suggests that the ADAM22 may play a crucial role in neural function and development.     

The interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β

ADAM family consists of a number of transmembrane proteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. ADAMs are involved in a highly diverse set of biological processes, including fertilization, neurogenesis, myogenesis and inflammatory response. The ADAM proteins have both cell adhesion and protease activities. Adam22 is highly expressed in human brain. The adam22-/- mice presented severe ataxia and died before weaning, but the function of ADAM22 is still unknown. 14-3-3 β interacting with ADAM22 was detected by using yeast two-hybrid assay. The specificity of interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β was proved by in vitro binding assay and immunoprecipitation. The major 14-3-3β binding site was located in the last 28 amino acid residues of ADAM22 cytoplasmic tail. Protein 14-3-3β is abundant and plays an important role in mediating cell diffusion, migration and cell cycle control. The interaction of ADAM22 and 14-3-3β suggests that the ADAM22 may play a crucial role in neural function a     

The interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β

ADAM family consists of a number of transmembrane proteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. ADAMs are involved in a highly diverse set of biological processes, including fertilization, neurogenesis, myogenesis and inflammatory response. The ADAM proteins have both cell adhesion and protease activities.Adam22 is highly expressed in human brain. Theadam22-/- mice presented severe ataxia and died before weaning, but the function of ADAM22 is still unknown. 14-3-3 β interacting with ADAM22 was detected by using yeast two-hybrid assay. The specificity of interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β was proved byin vitro binding assay and immunoprecipitation. The major 14-3-3β binding site was located in the last 28 amino acid residues of ADAM22 cytoplasmic tail. Protein 14-3-3β is abundant and plays an important role in mediating cell diffusion, migration and cell cycle control. The interaction of ADAM22 and 14-3-3β suggests that the ADAM22 may play a crucial role in neural function and development.     

高等植物赤霉素3-β-双氧化酶基因研究进展

赤霉素3-β-双氧化酶(GA3ox)是赤霉素(GA)生物合成过程中的关键酶之一,直接作用于活性GA的生成,在植物的生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。GA3ox已在拟南芥、烟草、高粱和杨树等多种植物中得到克隆,在植物个体的不同生长阶段、不同组织中GA3ox的表达量均存在着差异,这主要是由物种内在的遗传因素所决定的,同时环境因子和外源激素处理对GA3ox表达也有着显著的影响。通过对基因突变体的研究,揭示出GA3ox突变导致GA的生物合成受阻而间接影响植物的生长,导致植物茎秆、花、种子、果、根等部位性状的改变,包括植株矮化、结籽困难等。过量表达GA3ox基因促进GA的生成,诱导细胞的分裂与分化,促进根尖的径向伸长、种子萌发等。主要从GA3ox的基因克隆与表达模式及其功能效应两方面综述了其在高等植物中研究进展,通过对GA3ox在不同植物中的相关功能研究,探讨其在植物生长发育过程中的具体作用,以期为了解GA3ox对植物生长发育的调控机制提供参考,也有助于在生产实践中更好地利用GA3ox开展基因工程研究,定向培育植物新品种。     

朊蛋白与信号蛋白14-3-3β的相互作用研究

为进一步确定PrP蛋白与14-3-3蛋白是否发生分子间的相互作用并确定PrP蛋白与14-3-3蛋白相互作用的区域,利用免疫共沉淀、pull down和能量共振转移(FRET)实验检测PrP蛋白与人14-3-3蛋白是否发生分子间的相互作用及相互作用的部位。结果证明,PrP蛋白与人14-3-3蛋白在体外、组织水平及细胞水平均可以发生相互作用,且证实作用的部位在PrP蛋白的106-126位氨基酸。该结果为进一步研究14-3-3蛋白在Prion疾病中的影响及Prion疾病的发病机制奠定了一定基础。     

ADAM22蛋白与14-3-3β蛋白之间的相互作用

ADAM家族是一类具有去整合域和金属蛋白酶域的跨膜蛋白, 广泛参与各种重要的生理过程, 如精卵结合、神经系统发育、成肌细胞融合以及炎症反应等. 该家族蛋白具备潜在的粘连和蛋白酶活性. adam22在脑部高度表达, 基因剔除小鼠则出现严重的共济失调, 并在断奶前死亡, 但其作用机制不详. 用酵母双杂合系统筛选到与ADAM22相互作用的蛋白质14-3-3b, 离体结合实验、免疫共沉淀进一步证实了ADAM22与14-3-3β蛋白相互作用的专一性. ADAM22胞内部分系列缺失实验表明, C端第864~892氨基酸残基是14-3-3β的结合基序. 14-3-3β在脑部大量表达, 具有介导细胞的扩散、迁移及调节细胞周期等重要功能. 因此, 本实验证实这两种蛋白质之间存在相互作用,为阐明ADAM22在神经系统发育中的功能奠定了基础.     

Synthesis of Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ- and Galβ1-3GalNAcα-O-L-serine Derivatives employing glycosidases

A new approach for the highly specific preparation of L-serine conjugates of lactosamine and Gal1-3GalNAc is described. Thus, the L-serine derivative of lactosamine Gal1-4GlcNAc-O-(N-Z)-Ser-OEt, was obtained from lactose, employing GlcNAc-O-(N-Z)-Ser-OEt as acceptor and a yeast -galactosidase as catalyst Galp 1-3GalNAc-O-(N-Alloc)-Ser-OMe was obtained from lactose, employing GalNAc-O-(N-Alloc)-Ser-OMe as acceptor and -galactosidase from bovine testes as catalyst.     

(−)-3β-13α-dihydroxylupanine from cytisus scoparius

A new lupin alkaloid, (−)-3β,13α-dihydroxylupanine was isolated from Cytisus scoparius together with five known sparteine-type lupin alkaloids and tyramine. The absolute structure of the new alkaloid was confirmed by comparison of the natural product with the synthetic sample derived from (+)-13-hydroxylupanine. It was also shown that the alkaloid constituents of C. scoparius differed considerably in the aerial parts, flowers and seeds.     

Synthesis of methyl O-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)-β-d-galactopyranoside and methyl O-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-galactopyranoside

Condensation of 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-α-d-galactopyranosyl bromide (3) with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (4) gave a fully acetylated (1→6)-β-d-galactobiose fluorinated at the 3′-position which was deacetylated to give the title disaccharide. The corresponding trisaccharide was obtained by reaction of 4 with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl bromide (5), dechloroacetylation of the formed methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)- 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranoside to give methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (14), condensation with 3, and deacetylation. Dechloroacetylation of methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl- β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→6)-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, obtained by condensation of disaccharide 14 with bromide 5, was accompanied by extensive acetyl migration giving a mixture of products. These were deacetylated to give, crystalline for the first time, the methyl β-glycoside of (1→6)-β-d-galactotriose in high yield. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 500-MHz, 2D, ¹H- and conventional ¹³C- and ¹⁹F-n.m.r. spectroscopy.     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxy-5α- and 3β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one by leaf homogenates

Leaf homogenates of Cheiranthus cheiri, Nerium oleander, Strophanthus kombé, Digitalis purpurea, and Corchorus capsularis were ex     

Cannabinoid receptor activation inhibits cell cycle progression by modulating 14-3-3β

Cannabinoids display various pharmacological activities, including tumor regression, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a mouse brain cDNA library for proteins interacting with type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R). Using the intracellular loop 3 of CB1R as bait, we identified 14-3-3β as an interacting partner of CB1R and confirmed their interaction using affinity-binding assays. 14-3-3β has been reported to induce a cell cycle delay at the G₂/M phase. We tested the effects of cannabinoids on cell cycle progression in HeLa cells synchronized using a double-thymidine block-and-release protocol and found an increase in the population of G₂/M phase cells. We further found that CB1R activation augmented the interaction of 14-3-3β with Wee1 and Cdc25B, and promoted phosphorylation of Cdc2 at Tyr-15. These results suggest that cannabinoids induce cell cycle delay at the G2/M phase by activating 14-3-3β.     

糖原合成酶激酶-3β与肾脏疾病

糖原合成酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)GSK-3β是一种在真核生物体内广泛存在的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶.GSK-3β是Wnt/β-catenin、PI3K/Akt、胰岛素等多种信号通路的关键调节因子,并与多种疾病有关.最近人们发现,GSK-3β是通过使多种底物发生磷酸化来发挥生物学功能.主要就GSK-3β在肾脏疾病研究中的新进展作一综述,希望为探索各种肾脏疾病的发病机制以及寻找有效的治疗手段提供新视角.     

The photosynthetic F1-α3β3 and α1β1 catalytic core complexes

Minimal photosynthetic catalytic F₁() core complexes, containing equimolar ratios of the and subunits, were isolated from membrane-bound spinach chloroplast CF₁ and Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore RrF₁. A CF₁-₃₃ hexamer and RrF₁-₁₁ dimer, which were purified from the respective F₁() complexes, exhibit lower rates and different properties from their parent F₁-ATPases. Most interesting is their complete resistance to inhibition by the general F₁ inhibitor azide and the specific CF₁ inhibitor tentoxin. These inhibitors were earlier reported to inhibit multisite, but not unisite, catalysis in all sensitive F₁-ATPases and were therefore suggested to block catalytic site cooperativity. The absence of this typical property of all F₁-ATPases in the ₁₁ dimer is consistant with the view that the dimer contains only a single catalytic site. The ₃₃ hexamer contains however all F₁ catalytic sites. Therefore the observation that CF₁-₃₃ can bind tentoxin and is stimulated by it suggests that the F₁ subunit, which is required for obtaining inhibition by tentoxin as well as azide, plays an important role in the cooperative interactions between the F₁-catalytic sites.Abbreviations CF₀F₁ chloroplast F₀F₁ - CF₁ chloroplast F₁ - CF₁ chloroplast F₁ subunit - CF₁ chloroplast F₁ subunit - CF₁() a complex containing equal amounts of the CF₁ and subunits - MF₁ mitochondrial F₁ - RrF₀F₁ Rhodospirillum rubrum F₀F₁ - RrF₁ R. rubrum F₁ - RrF₁ R. rubrum F₁ subunit - RrF₁ R. rubrum F₁ subunit - RrF₁() a complex containing equal amounts of the RrF₁ and subunits - Rubisco Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase - TF₁ thermophilic bacterium PS3 F₁     

PrP106-126多肽诱导凋亡细胞中14-3-3β的降解

本研究将PrP106-126多肽和HeLa细胞共孵育4h和8h,采用Hoechst染色分析发现PrP106-126诱导凋亡细胞细胞核出现不同程度的染色质浓集,固缩及碎裂的细胞凋亡征象。Western blotting检测发现PrP106-126诱导细胞中的多聚ADP核糖聚合酶(poly ADP-ribose polymerase,PARP)降解,提示PrP106-126通过caspase3途径引起细胞凋亡现象。PrP106-126诱导的细胞中14-3-3β在不同孵育时间也出现降解,而Real-time PCR检测14-3-3β mRNA未发生变化。本研究证明PrP106-126通过caspase3诱导HeLa细胞凋亡,并可导致抗凋亡蛋白14-3-3β的降解而加速凋亡的形成。     

Quercetin 3-O-[6″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-β-galactoside] from blackberries

Quercetin 3-[6″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-galactoside] was isolated and identified from blackberries.     

Histochemical demonstration of Δ 5-3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in porcine ovary

Summary In histochemical investigations with the ditetrazolium salt tetranitro blue tetrazolium as final hydrogen acceptor, ⁵-3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was found in theca interna of sexually mature and even prepuberal sows. In the granulosa cells both ⁶-3-hydroxysteroid and 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactions were negative except in specimens from some sows in puberty or oestrus. The corpora lutea showed a positive ⁵-3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity which was somewhat more pronounced during the first week of dioestrus than in other phases of the oestrous cycle.Abbrevations NAD nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide - NADH₂ reduced NAD - NADP nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate - NADPH₂ reduced NADP Read at the Meeting of Umeå Medical Society in Umeå, January 25, 1966 (Bjersing, 1967).This investigation was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (Projects No. 13X-78-01, 12X-78-02, and 12X-78-03).     

Syntheses of p-nitrophenyl 3- and 4-thio-β-D-glycopyranosides

Thioglycosides have proved to be useful, enzymatically stable analogs of glycosides for structural and mechanistic studies and their synthesis is considerably simplified through the use of thioglycoligases. As part of an investigation into the use of thioglycosides as potential pharmacological chaperones, and as components of glycoproteins and glycolipids, the syntheses of p-nitrophenyl 3-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside, phenyl 1,4-dithio-β-d-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl 4-thio-β-d-mannopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-thio-β-d-mannopyranoside are described.     

Chemical and enzyme-assisted syntheses of norbuprenorphine-3-β-D-glucuronide

Norbuprenorphine-3-β-d-glucuronide (nBPN-3-β-d-G, 1) is a major phase II metabolite of buprenorphine, a pharmaceutical used for the treatment of opioid addiction. The pharmacological activity of compound 1 is not clear because investigations have been limited by the lack of chemically pure, well characterized 1 in sufficient quantities for in vitro and in vivo experiments. This work describes two concise, new methods of synthesis of 1, a chemical and an enzyme-assisted synthesis. The chemical synthesis used a strategy based on a combination of Koenig-Knorr coupling and amino-silyl protection. The enzyme-assisted synthesis used dog liver to convert the substrate norbuprenorphine (nBPN, 2) to 1. Both methods provided 1, characterized by (1)H NMR and tandem mass spectrometry, with purity >96%. The fractional yield of the enzyme-assisted synthesis was greater than that of the chemical synthesis (67% vs 5.3%), but due to larger reaction volumes, the chemical synthesis afforded greater amounts of total 1.