胞红蛋白在缺氧下的表达

胞红蛋白(cytoglobin,CYGB)是新发现的第4种携氧球蛋白,具有典型的"three-over-three"-螺旋三明治折叠结构.CYGB体内分布广泛,主要以单倍体形式存在于成纤维细胞及神经元细胞中.CYGB在缺氧下表达明显增强并具有保护组织细胞免遭缺血损伤的作用,其机制与其蛋白结构及基因表达有关.本文综述了胞红蛋白在缺氧下的表达以及内在机理.     

胞红蛋白在调控细胞铁死亡中的作用

近年来,以细胞内氧化还原平衡失调为重要诱因,具有铁依赖性和以脂质过氧化物堆积引起细胞膜损伤为主要特征的细胞铁死亡备受关注。越来越多的研究表明,细胞铁死亡在疾病发生及防治方面具有重要作用。胞红蛋白(cytoglobin,CYGB),又名星状细胞激活蛋白 (stellate cell activating protein, STAP),是一种珠蛋白,不仅能可逆地结合氧分子,储存和传递氧气,同时在其氨基酸序列中含2个半胱氨酸残基,可形成分子内部的二硫键,在感受细胞内氧化还原状态变动时,改变自身空间结构,引起生物活性及下游信号通路的变化。同时,CYGB还具有一氧化氮双加氧酶活性,能够清除过量一氧化氮与活性氧物质超氧阴离子反应生成的有毒ONOO^-,防止其对线粒体功能的破坏。而细胞内活氧物质和线粒体是影响细胞铁死亡的重要因素。因此,本综述主要围绕CYGB清除活性氧物质及调控一氧化氮代谢等的作用机制,并结合我们最近有关CYGB通过p53-YAP1轴调控细胞内脂质代谢的研究进行阐述,提出CYGB通过参与细胞铁死亡调控来行使功能,为心血管功能,肝纤维化及癌症发生等相关疾病的预防和治疗提供重要的理论依据。     

不同紫细菌光合基因表达调控机制异同

紫细菌是一类可以进行不放氧光合作用的原核微生物,可以利用光能产生ATP并为其生长代谢提供能量。其光系统由一系列色素及蛋白组成的复合体组成,并由一系列光合基因如puc、puf、bch和crt等编码。紫细菌光合相关基因的表达主要受到外界氧化还原信号及光照的影响,然而不同紫细菌光合基因表达调控机制具有明显的多样性。以球形红细菌与沼泽红假单胞菌为重点,介绍了近年来几种光合基因表达调控系统如Pps R/Crt J型调控蛋白、双组分磷酸化调控系统、CRP-FNR型调控蛋白等在紫细菌中的研究进展。通过系统深入分析这些调控通路在不同紫细菌中的特征及功能,发现不同菌株中类似调控通路通常具有相似功能,但又各具特点。旨为对进一步了解紫细菌光合基因表达调控机制并为其应用研究提供参考。     

胞红蛋白结构、功能及相关机制

胞红蛋白(Cygb)是一种血红素蛋白,属于珠蛋白家族中的一员.Cygb主要在纤维母细胞、心肌细胞及血管平滑肌细胞中表达,其主要生理功能还不清楚.据文献报道,胞红蛋白可储存氧、去除活性氧毒性、参与胶原合成、代谢一氧化氮、抗纤维化、调控基因表达、转导信号、抗肿瘤、调节血压.本文重点对胞红蛋白的结构特性,主要功能及作用机制展开论述,并介绍了胞红蛋白与疾病的关系,以期为今后的研究提供理论基础.     

白念珠菌CaSPO75基因的敲除与功能研究

酿酒酵母中ScCsc1是一个最近鉴定的钙离子通透性压力门控阳离子通道蛋白,参与调控胞内离子稳态。ScSpo75是ScCsc1的一个同源蛋白,可能参与孢子壁的装配过程。在白念珠菌中存在一个与ScSPO75同源的基因CaSPO75,其功能尚不清楚,因此采用SAT1-flipper方法敲除CaSPO75的两个等位基因以研究其功能。通过表型筛选,发现该基因的缺失导致白念珠菌对特比萘芬(Teb)、荧光增白剂(CFW)、氯化锰和氯化锌耐受,对酮康唑(KCZ)敏感。因此,CaSPO75基因可能参与白念珠菌耐药性和细胞壁压力反应的调控,以及胞内锰离子和锌离子稳态的调控。     

植物乳杆菌C88胞外多糖生物合成基因的克隆及序列比对

乳酸菌胞外多糖能显著改善发酵乳制品及食品的流变学和质构特性.为进一步了解乳酸菌胞外多糖的生物合成途径及调控机制,本研究对参与植物乳杆菌C88胞外多糖生物合成基因簇的部分序列进行了克隆和鉴定.根据GenBank中已报道植物乳杆菌基因序列的保守区域设计特异性引物,扩增出植物乳杆菌C88生物合成蛋白基因(cps4A)序列,并通过染色体步移方法克隆了植物乳杆菌C88 参与胞外多糖合成基因簇的部分序列(4.9 kb).利用生物信息学方法预测基因簇中6个阅读框的结构和功能,结果表明该序列与已报道的乳酸杆菌胞外多糖生物合成基因具有高度的同源性(>96%);对各阅读框功能预测分析发现,这6个基因主要编码参与胞外多糖合成中的多糖合成蛋白、糖链长度检测蛋白、UDP-葡萄糖-4-异构酶和糖基转移酶.本研究将为利用基因工程方法调控多糖的合成和产量提供理论依据.     

稻瘟菌附着胞形成和发育的研究进展

附着胞是稻瘟菌侵染寄主的关键结构,cAMP、MAPK和Ca2+等信号途径参与其形成和发育,同时受寄主表面识别蛋白基因、黑色素合成基因、甘油合成基因、细胞自噬基因以及SNARE蛋白等因子调控。从以上几个方面综述了稻瘟菌附着胞形成与发育的研究进展。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌转录调控因子CodY的体外靶基因的筛选

【目的】利用Avi-tag和Pulldown技术建立体外靶基因筛选的新方法,在苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1520基因组范围内进行体外高通量筛选转录调控因子CodY的靶基因,为深入研究CodY在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的功能及调控网络打下基础。【方法】用Avi-tag技术对CodY蛋白进行体外生物素标记,酶切苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1520总DNA并在两端加上便于测序的adapter序列,用链霉亲和素树脂筛选与CodY蛋白相互作用的靶基因。【结果】在苏云金芽胞杆菌中得到了46条CodY可以直接作用的靶序列,分析发现CodY在苏云金芽胞杆菌中主要调控氨基酸代谢、糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢、转运、调控、DNA修复、双组份调控等的转录。【结论】本研究采用的Avi-tag技术具有特异性强、操作简单、成本低等优势,为转录因子体外靶序列的高通量筛选提供新的方法;苏云金芽胞杆菌中CodY靶基因的筛选为其他微生物中CodY的功能研究打下基础。     

细菌功能调控的重要转录因子PerR

PerR是一类存在于多种细菌中的转录因子。研究证实PerR调控的靶基因包括过氧化氢酶katA、DNA结合蛋白mrgA、铁转运调控子fur、血红素合成基因簇hemAXCDBL以及自身perR等。PerR参与的调控作用在细菌的抗氧化作用、胞内的铁离子动态平衡、以及致病菌致病作用中具有重要的意义。本综述主要从PerR调控的靶基因、参与的生理代谢作用以及PerR转录调控的分子机制等方面进行介绍,以期对我们深入了解细菌的抗逆作用机制提供参考。     

肿瘤抑制基因Rb与细胞周期调控研究新进展

Rb与人类多种肿瘤发生关系密切,是一种重要的肿瘤抑制基因.Rb蛋白参与细胞周期调控,与p16、CDK4/6、cyclinD1等形成复杂的反馈调节网络,在G1/S关卡调控中处于中心环节,决定着细胞周期的进程.Rb又是核内信号与胞外信号相互作用的界面,受到胞内外多种因素的调控,使Rb功能与细胞生长、分化状态相适应.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.