流感病毒NS1蛋白稳定表达的A549细胞系建立

A型流感病毒的NS1(Nonstructurol 1 protein,NS1)蛋白是病毒复制、毒力等的重要调节蛋白.运用RT-PCR方法扩增A/Beijing/501/2009(H1N1)流感病毒NS1基因,克隆至真核表达载体pCMV-HA,用Lipofectamine2000将线性化pCMV-HA-NS1与neo基因共同转染A549细胞,通过G418筛选获得阳性重组细胞,并采用PCR、RT-PCR、Western blot技术检测重组细胞中NS1蛋白的表达,通过免疫荧光技术观察NS1蛋白在细胞中的定位.PCR、RT-PCR检测显示NS1基因成功整合进入细胞基因组,并转录为mRNA;Western blot检测显示重组细胞系稳定表达NS1蛋白,免疫荧光显示NS1蛋白定位于细胞核内.表明通过G418筛选,成功构建稳定表达NS1蛋白的重组A549-HA-NS1细胞系,且NS1蛋白定位于细胞核内,为进一步研究NS1蛋白的生物学功能奠定基础.     

犬细小病毒NS1 非结构蛋白可诱导细胞凋亡

【目的】研究犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)非结构蛋白NS1在CPV引起宿主细胞凋亡中的作用,初步探讨CPV引起细胞凋亡的机制。【方法】首先采用PCR方法从犬细小病毒基因组中扩增NS1编码基因,然后利用pcDNA3.1A质粒构建NS1真核表达载体pcDNA-NS1,并通过HEK293FT细胞瞬时表达NS1重组蛋白,用Western-blot检测以确定重组NS1蛋白能否在真核细胞中表达。然后用CPV感染和用pcDNA-NS1表达载体转染F81宿主细胞,通过AnnexinV/PI双染法检测磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和通过化学发光法检测caspase-3/7活性,分析感染CPV或转染NS1基因对F81宿主细胞凋亡的影响。【结果】结果表明,本实验扩增的NS1基因序列与GenBank的序列一致,构建的表达载体结构正确,并能够介导NS1基因在真核细胞中表达。感染CPV和转染NS1基因均能诱导F81细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和明显提高细胞内caspase-3/7的活性,表明CPV和NS1蛋白均能引起细胞的凋亡。【结论】CPV诱导宿主细胞凋亡与其编码的NS1非结构蛋白有关。     

RG108对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖、凋亡及RASSF1A基因表达的影响

目的探讨DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂RG108对人肺腺癌细胞株A549增殖、凋亡以及对RASSF1A（Ras as-sociation domain proteinfamily1）基因启动子区域甲基化状态、表达的影响。方法用20μmol/L的RG108对A549细胞进行化学干预72h,用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率;流式细胞术检测细胞周期以及凋亡情况;RT-PCR观察RASSF1A基因mRNA水平变化;Western blot检测RASSF1A蛋白的表达;甲基化特异性PCR（MS-PCR）检测RASSF1A基因启动子区域甲基化状态的改变。结果经RG108干预72h后,A549细胞的抑制率为17.2±0.43%,细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,并引起细胞凋亡。RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示在干预组细胞中分别出现RASSF1A基因的DNA条带（329bp）和蛋白质条带（39kD）,而对照组中无相应条带出现。RASSF1A基因启动子区域由甲基化状态转变为非甲基化状态。结论RG108可使RASSF1A基因启动子区域去甲基化,并通过该机制诱导RASSF1A基因在人肺腺癌细胞株A549中表达。     

Egr-1基因与肿瘤腺癌放射敏感性关系的研究

目的：研究Egr-1基因在2种腺癌细胞A549和Hela放射前后的表达变化及对放射敏感性的影响。方法：培养肺腺癌A549细胞和宫颈腺癌Hela细胞,分别提取4Gyx射线照射前及照射后不同时间点的细胞的总RNA行荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）检测Egr-1表达水平;收获4GyX射线照射前及照射后不同时间点的细胞处理行流式细胞术检测其凋亡;对照射不同剂量的细胞继续培养10-14天,进行克隆形成计数,计算克隆形成率及存活分数。结果：FQ-PCR结果显示,放射后Egr．1基因表达水平在2种细胞中均明显升高且于放射后1h达到峰值,A549细胞的峰值明显高于Hela细胞;流式细胞术检测结果显示,A549细胞凋亡明显高于Hela细胞;克隆形成实验结果显示,A549细胞存活分数明显低于Hela细胞。结论：Egr-1基因在不同腺癌细胞表达水平不同并影响其放射敏感性。     

放疗与吉西他滨治疗对肺癌A549细胞自噬相关基因Beclin1表达的影响

目的:探讨放疗与吉西他滨(Gemcitabine,GEM)治疗对人肺腺癌A549细胞中自噬相关基因Beclin1表达的影响。方法:使用60Coγ照射(6Gy)人肺腺癌A549细胞,细胞继续培养6、12和24h。使用人剂量吉西他滨处理人肺腺癌A549细胞,细胞继续培养24 h后,以未处理的A549细胞为对照,用RT-PCR和Western blotting法检测A549细胞中Beclin1 m RNA和蛋白的表达。结果:经过放射线照射后,三组A549细胞内Beclin1 m RNA和蛋白的表达量均增加,且在24小时末表达量达到最大。经过吉西他滨处理后,吉西他滨处理组A549细胞内Beclin1 m RNA和蛋白的表达量均增加。结论:放射治疗与吉西他滨治疗均可导致A549细胞内自噬相关基因Beclin1表达上调。     

293T细胞中SQSTM1/p62-GFP的表达及其与LC3在诱导自噬状态下的定位分布

为探究SQSTM1/p62蛋白在细胞发生自噬时的定位,以人肺腺癌A549细胞的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增SQSTM1基因(编码p62蛋白)并将其插入pEGFP-N1真核表达质粒.将重组质粒转染进入人胚肾293T细胞中表达p62绿色荧光融合蛋白(GFP-p62),利用Earle's盐平衡溶液饥饿诱导细胞自噬,Wester...     

ALDH1A1诱导肺腺癌细胞发生上皮-间质转化及化疗耐药

目的:探索醛脱氢酶1A1(aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1,ALDH1A1)在肺腺癌细胞(lung adenocarcinoma cell,LAC)化疗耐药中的作用及机制,为肺癌临床治疗和新型药物的研发提供实验依据。方法:采用慢病毒载体构建ALDH1A1高表达肺腺癌细胞模型,并通过流式细胞术和western blot技术对该细胞模型进行验证。通过CCK8法检测ALDH1A1高表达肺腺癌细胞对肺癌治疗药物顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)、紫杉醇(paclitaxcel)、厄洛替尼(erlotinib)和吉非替尼(gefitinib)的耐药性。通过检测肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cell,CSC)分子标志物、上皮-间质转化(Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition,EMT)分子标志物及细胞迁移能力探讨ALDH1A1高表达对肺腺癌细胞的干性和EMT特征的影响。双硫仑(disulfiram,DSF)是ALDH的抑制剂,我们通过CCK8法和transwell细胞迁移实验探究DSF对肺腺癌细胞体外生长和迁移能力的影响,体内实验探究DSF和厄洛替尼联合用药对HCC827-ALDH1A1细胞皮下异种移植瘤生长的影响。结果:ALDH1A1高表达诱导肺腺癌细胞对厄洛替尼、吉非替尼、紫杉醇和顺铂产生不同程度的耐药,干细胞标志物CD44、CD133蛋白表达上调,EMT间充质标志物vimentin蛋白表达上调,transwell实验结果显示ALDH1A1高表达肺腺癌细胞的迁移能力增强,使用ALDH靶向抑制剂DSF能选择性抑制ALDH1A1高表达肺腺癌细胞所增高的迁移能力并克服HCC827-ALDH1A1细胞皮下异种移植瘤的生长,延缓体内耐药。结论:ALDH1A1能诱导肺腺癌细胞对多种抗肺癌药物产生耐药并发生干细胞样转化,靶向抑制ALDH酶活性可克服由ALDH1A1高表达所产生的耐药,为肺癌的临床治疗提供新的思路。     

人内皮素受体A基因克隆及表达

为了建立内皮素受体拮抗剂筛选系统,克隆人ET A基因,构建真核表达载体,并实现pTag-Lite SNAP-ET A在CHOK1细胞中的瞬时表达。从人肺腺癌细胞系A549中克隆人ET A基因,连接到pTag-Lite SNAP质粒,构建表达载体pTag-Lite SNAPET A,用FuGENER HD转染试剂将表达载体pTag-Lite SNAP-ET A转染入CHO-K1细胞内,通过荧光显微镜检测融合蛋白SNAP-ET A的表达。DNA测序结果表明pTag-Lite SNAP-ET A表达载体构建成功,荧光显微镜检测结果表明人ET A在CHO-K1细胞中有效表达。     

家蚕二分浓核病毒NS1蛋白的表达及定位

[目的]在Bm N细胞中表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bombyx mori bidensovirus,Bm BDV)非结构蛋白NS1,并分析其亚细胞定位。[方法]在病毒非结构蛋白NS1基因5'端加上kozak序列、3'端融合Flag标签序列;将重组序列克隆至昆虫细胞表达载体pIBV5/His上,转染BmN细胞,通过Western blot和免疫荧光检测NS1蛋白的表达和亚细胞定位。[结果]PCR和酶切鉴定显示重组表达载体构建正确;Western blot检测到一条大小约37 kDa的特异条带,免疫荧光分析显示表达的蛋白主要定位于细胞核中。[结论]构建的真核表达质粒能在BmN细胞中稳定表达NS1蛋白,该蛋白主要定位在细胞核中。     

家蚕浓核病毒中国株非结构蛋白1(NS1)的表达

利用PCR技术扩增出BmDNV-3 NS1基因,将目的基因与原核表达载体pET-30a进行连接,转化BL21 star菌并在该菌中表达,经Western blot鉴定表达的产物为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白,纯化NS1蛋白并制备兔多克隆抗体.同时BmDNV-3 NS1基因亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBae-HTb-eGFP中,转化BmDH10BAC感受态细胞,提取的重组Bacmid通过脂质体包埋转染家蚕BmN细胞,再以收获的重组病毒感染家蚕幼虫.家蚕BmN细胞和幼虫感染重组病毒2d后均观察到绿色荧光,经SDS-PAGE分析真核表达的产物与预测的NS1-eGFP融合蛋白大小不一致,说明NS1-eGFP融合蛋白被昆虫内源性的蛋白酶降解.降解的产物用NS1蛋白抗体进行Western blot鉴定为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白.     

H7N9亚型禽流感病毒非结构蛋白1(NS1)基因序列分析及2013上海分离株NS1的原核表达

目的:对2013年3月发生的感染人的新型H7N9亚型禽流感病毒的非结构蛋白1(NS1)基因序列进行同源性分析,构建NS1重组质粒并表达。方法:从GenBank获得2006~2013年不同来源的H7N9亚型病毒NS1序列,并进行同源性比较;利用PCR方法从H7N9亚型禽流感病毒株A/Shanghai/4664T/2013(H7N9)基因组cDNA中扩增得到全长NS1基因,并将该片段定向克隆到原核表达载体pET28a上,构建重组质粒pET28a-NS1,经酶切鉴定,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞后,IPTG诱导表达,且进行Western印迹分析。结果:经序列分析,2013年暴发的H7N9型禽流感病毒的NS1基因核苷酸序列同源性为95%~100%,与之前暴发的H7N9型流感病毒NS1基因序列的同源性为86.4%~90.7%,表明2次暴发的该型流感分离株属于不同的进化分支;PCR扩增得到约680 bp的NS1基因序列,所克隆的NS1基因在原核细胞中的表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,SDS-PAGE检测结果表明重组蛋白相对分子质量为25×103,Western印迹分析证实表达产物为H7N9禽流感病毒NS1蛋白。结论:为进一步研究H7N9亚型流感病毒NS1蛋白功能及基于NS1蛋白的抗病毒药物奠定了基础。     

Differential effects of NS1 proteins of human pandemic H1N1/2009, avian highly pathogenic H5N1, and low pathogenic H5N2 influenza A viruses on cellular pre-mRNA polyadenylation and mRNA translation

The nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza A virus blocks the development of host antiviral responses by inhibiting polyadenylation of cellular pre-mRNA. NS1 also promotes the synthesis of viral proteins by stimulating mRNA translation. Here, we show that recombinant NS1 proteins of human pandemic H1N1/2009, avian highly pathogenic H5N1, and low pathogenic H5N2 influenza strains differentially affected these two cellular processes: NS1 of the two avian strains, in contrast to NS1 of H1N1/2009, stimulated translation of reporter mRNA in cell-free translation system; NS1 of H5N1 was an effective inhibitor of cellular pre-mRNA polyadenylation in A549 cells, unlike NS1 of H5N2 and H1N1/2009. We identified key amino acids in NS1 that contribute to its activity in these two basic cellular processes. Thus, we identified strain-specific differences between influenza virus NS1 proteins in pre-mRNA polyadenylation and mRNA translation.     

人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒安徽株NS1基因的克隆及在原核系统的表达

利用RT-PCR方法,从人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒安徽株扩增到了NS1基因,对其进行了克隆、序列测定和分析,并在原核系统高效表达和纯化了NS1蛋白。进化分析表明,A/Anhui/01/2005毒株与近些年国内分离的水禽H5N1病毒进化关系更为接近。NS1与福建、湖南分离的禽流感病毒同源性最高,分别达到99.1%和98.2%。序列分析表明,与病毒的致病性相关的92位氨基酸为Asp,与病毒的细胞因子抗性相关的80~84位氨基酸发生缺失,与断裂/多聚腺苷酸化特异性因子结合的基序改变为GFEWN,和病毒致死性相关的PL基序为ESEV。随后在大肠杆菌高效表达并纯化了NS1蛋白。NS1基因及其编码产物的特性分析以及在原核系统的表达,为进一步研究NS1的致病机制和抗病毒药物研制奠定了基础。     

一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

2004年1月湖北宜昌某鸡场暴发疫病,从该鸡场濒死鸡肺组织中分离到了一株病毒,电镜切片观察到典型的禽流感病毒粒子;采用ELISA检测禽流感抗原为阳性;RT-PCR扩增HA、NA基因并测序,经BLAST分析,HA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)HA基因同源性为97％;NA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)NA基因同源性为96％,确定该分离株为禽流感病毒H5N1亚型(A／Chicken／Yichang／Lung-1／04(H5N1))。     

Avian influenza virus H5N1 induces rapid interferon-beta production but shows more potent inhibition to retinoic acid-inducible gene I expression than H1N1 in vitro

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms through which the avian influenza virus H5N1 modulate the host's innate immune defense during invasion, remains incompletely understood. RIG-I as a pattern recognition receptor plays an important role in mediating innate immune response induced by influenza virus. So, modulating RIG-I might be adopted as a strategy by influenza virus to antagonize the host's innate immune defense. Methods: Here we chose an avian influenza virus A/tree sparrow/Henan/1/04 (H5N1) directly isolated from a free-living tree sparrow in Mainland China which is amplified in egg allantoic cavity, and researched its interferon induction and manipulation of RIG-I expression compared with influenza virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1), a well charaterized mouse adapted strain, in human lung epithelial A549 cells and human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Results: Although the avian influenza virus H5N1 infection initiated a rapid IFN-beta production early on, it eventually presented a more potent inhibition to IFN-beta production than H1N1. Correspondingly, the H5N1 infection induced low level expression of endogenous RIG-I, an Interferon Stimulating Gene (ISG), and showed more potent inhibition to the expression of endogenous RIG-I triggered by exogenous interferon than H1N1. Conclusions: Manipulating endogenous RIG-I expression might constitute one of the mechanisms through which avian influenza virus H5N1 control the host's innate immune response during infection.     

Inhibition of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus replication by RNA oligonucleotides targeting NS1 gene

H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused widespread infections in poultry and wild birds, and has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat to human. In order to explore novel approaches to inhibiting highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection, we have developed short RNA oligonucleotides, specific for conserved regions of the non-structural protein gene (NS1) of AIV. In vitro the hemagglutination (HA) titers in RNA oligonucleotide-treated cells were at least 5-fold lower than that of the control. In vivo, the treatment with three doses of RNA oligonucleotides protected the infected chickens from H5N1 virus-induced death at a rate of up to 87.5%. Plaque assay and real-time PCR analysis showed a significant reduction of the PFU and viral RNA level in the lung tissues of the infected animals treated with the mixed RNA oligonucleotides targeting the NS1 gene. Together, our findings revealed that the RNA oligonucleotides targeting at the AIV NS1 gene could potently inhibit avian H5N1 influenza virus reproduction and present a rationale for the further development of the RNA oligonucleotides as prophylaxis and therapy for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in humans.     

H5N1禽流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

目的：建立H5N1禽流感病毒环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。方法：从GenBank中获得H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素（HA）基因序列,应用DNAStar软件MegAlign程序分析其序列,利用PrimerExplorerV3软件在序列保守区域设计LAMP引物,即外引物、内引物和环引物,同时以所克隆的阳性质粒为模板,对试验中的几个重要参数进行优化。结果：LAMP检测方法对H5N1禽流感病毒的灵敏度达到4～6个拷贝,其引物对于H1、H9亚型禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒无非特异性扩增,表现出良好的H5亚型特异性。结论：建立的H5N1禽流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,为快速检测禽流感病毒提供了新方法和新思路。     

The highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus down‐regulated several cellular MicroRNAs which target viral genome

Higher and prolonged viral replication is critical for the increased pathogenesis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype of H5N1 influenza A virus (IAV) over the lowly pathogenic H1N1 IAV strain. Recent studies highlighted the considerable roles of cellular miRNAs in host defence against viral infection. In this report, using a 3′UTR reporter system, we identified several putative miRNA target sites buried in the H5N1 virus genome. We found two miRNAs, miR‐584‐5p and miR‐1249, that matched with the PB2 binding sequence. Moreover, we showed that these miRNAs dramatically down‐regulated PB2 expression, and inhibited replication of H5N1 and H1N1 IAVs in A549 cells. Intriguingly, these miRNAs expression was differently regulated in A549 cells infected with the H5N1 and H1N1 viruses. Furthermore, transfection of miR‐1249 inhibitor enhanced the PB2 expression and promoted the replication of H5N1 and H1N1 IAVs. These results suggest that H5N1 virus may have evolved a mechanism to escape host‐mediated inhibition of viral replication through down‐regulation of cellular miRNAs, which target its viral genome.     

The PDZ-binding motif of the avian NS1 protein affects transmission of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus

By nature of their segmented RNA genome, influenza A viruses (IAVs) have the potential to generate variants through a reassortment process. The influenza nonstructural (NS) gene is critical for a virus to counteract the antiviral responses of the host. Therefore, a newly acquired NS segment potentially determines the replication efficiency of the reassortant virus in a range of different hosts. In addition, the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) has been suggested as a pathogenic determinant of IAVs. To gauge the pandemic potential from human and avian IAV reassortment, we assessed the replication properties of NS-reassorted viruses in cultured cells and in the lungs of mice and determined their transmissibility in guinea pigs. Compared with the recombinant A/Korea/01/2009 virus (rK09; 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain), the rK09/VN:NS virus, in which the NS gene was adopted from the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 virus (a human isolate of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus strains), exhibited attenuated virulence and reduced transmissibility. However, the rK09/VN:NS-PBM virus, harboring the PBM in the C-terminus of the NS1 protein, recovered the attenuated virulence of the rK09/VN:NS virus. In a guinea pig model, the rK09/VN:NS-PBM virus showed even greater transmission efficiency than the rK/09 virus. These results suggest that the PBM in the NS1 protein may determine viral persistence in the human and avian IAV interface.     

禽流感病毒H5N1全基因组克隆与分析

为明确广东地区分离的一株禽流感病毒H5N1的遗传背景,建立流感病毒反向遗传的平台。对该株禽流感病毒进行了空斑纯化与组织细胞培养,检测其在MDCK细胞中的增殖特性;利用H5N1病毒通用引物,通过RT-PCR对该病毒全基因组的8条片段进行全长克隆及测序分析;将H5N1的8条全长基因组片段分别插入反向遗传通用载体中,构建禽流感病毒H5N1的感染性克隆。结果表明,该H5N1毒株在MDCK细胞中可不依赖胰酶进行有效增殖与复制,可使MDCK细胞出现典型细胞病变,具有高致病性禽流感病毒的细胞增殖特征。RT-PCR克隆得到该H5N1毒株的PB2、PB1、PA、HA、NP、NA、M和NS八条全长片段,经测序分析确认该毒株的基因序列,其内部编码序列出现多处突变,其中HA连接肽为多个连续碱性氨基酸,表明该毒株可不依赖胰酶进行有效复制,与细胞培养结果一致,未出现抗药性的遗传突变。PCR与测序证明,插入H5N1八个全长基因组片段的载体序列完全正确,表明成功构建了该毒株的感染性克隆。为明确病毒遗传信息,建立流感病毒反向遗传的平台,为进一步研究禽流感病毒相关疫苗提供了研究基础。