创伤后脏器磷脂酶A2活性变化的实验研究

磷脂酶A_2(PLA_2)存在于主要脏器的细胞膜,激活后能降解膜磷脂,释放花生四烯酸,其代谢产物前列腺素、白三烯及血小板激活因子等在炎症反应中具有极重要作用。PLA_2还能破坏质膜结构,使H~ 屏障破坏而造成线粒体能量代谢的障碍。有报道多脏器损伤后病人血清PLA,活性上升,损伤程度与PLA,活性呈正相关,但脏器PLA_2,变化国内外少见报道。本实验用枪弹腹壁贯通伤和休克模     

磷脂酶A2的应用

磷脂酶Ａ2 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＡ2 ,ＰＬＡ2 ,ＥＣ 3 .1 .1 .4)即磷脂 2 酰基水解酶 ,是专一催化 3 Ｓｎ 磷酸甘油脂Ｃ 2位酯键的水解反应的酶 ,酶解产物为溶血磷脂和脂肪酸。ＰＬＡ2 不仅在生物体内具有很重要的生理功能 ,而且具有很高的应用价值 ,可广泛地应用在科学研究、磷脂改性、油脂精练、饲料添加剂、医疗等诸多方面。1 .用ＰＬＡ2 研究酶学、脂代谢和生物膜结构与功能ＰＬＡ2 (尤其是外分泌型的ＰＬＡ2 )的分子量较小 ,一般在 1 0～ 2 0ｋＤ之间 ,相对而言 ,结构较为简单。在蛇毒中 ,存在许多ＰＬＡ2 的同工酶 ,它们之…     

磷脂酶A2的生理机能新说

磷脂酶Ａ２的生理机能新说杜晓燕周元聪（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）关键词磷脂酶Ａ２生理机能磷脂酶Ａ２（ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＡ２,ＥＣ３．１．１．４）,简称ＰＬＡ２。它能水解甘油磷脂的第二位酯酰键,生成溶血磷脂和脂肪酸,如下式...     

蜂毒过敏原磷脂酶A2

蜂毒 (ｂｅｅｖｅｎｏｍ)是由工蜂毒腺和副腺分泌的、具有芳香气味的一种透明液体 ,贮藏在毒囊中 ,在蜜蜂蛰刺时由蛰针排出[1] 。蜂毒具有抗菌、消炎、镇痛、降血压、抗辐射、预防癌症等药理作用 ,可用于治疗风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、哮喘、神经痛等多种疑难杂症。目前世界上许多国家都已开展蜂针疗法 ,并有各种类型的蜂毒软膏和针剂生产。但由于蜂毒易使人产生过敏反应 ,致使蜂针疗法不能得到广泛推广。鉴于这一点 ,国内外许多学者对主要引起人类过敏的蜂毒组分———磷脂酶Ａ2 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＡ2 )进行了研究 ,并且取…     

棉酚抗生育新机制——对磷脂酶A_2活力的抑制作用(英文)

 采用微孔比色法及荧光分析法 ,研究抗男性生育化合物棉酚与猪胰腺磷脂酶A2 (phospho lipaseA2 ,PLA2 ,EC3 1 1 4 )温育并透析前后对酶活力及荧光的影响 .结果表明 ,棉酚与PLA2 不可逆地结合明显地降低了PLA2 活力及荧光强度 .棉酚对酶活力抑制作用的IC50 为 35μmol L ;当其浓度达到 80 μmol L时 ,能够完全抑制PLA2 ( 4 11μmol L)对合成底物 2 硫代十六酰乙基磷酸胆碱(HEPC ,0 .2 5mmol L)的水解作用 .PLA2 的最大激发波长与发射波长分别为 2 75nm ,34 3nm ,荧光强度与酶浓度呈良好的线性关系 .棉酚对PLA2 的荧光具有较强的淬灭作用 .由于PLA2 与男性生育密切相关 ,棉酚对PLA2 活力的影响可能是其避孕作用及伴随的副作用的一种新的重要机制     

Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅹ型磷脂酶A2 mRNA在大鼠循环系统中的分布

目的：探讨Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅹ型磷脂酶A2（PLA2）mRNA在正常大鼠循环系统中的分布情况。方法：利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）扩增大鼠各型PLA2DNA。结果：在所检测循环系统的几个组织中均能测到Ⅱ、Ⅳ型PLA2mRNA;Ⅴ型PLA2mRNA在大鼠心肌、主动脉弓、下腔静脉近心段中可测到;Ⅹ型PLA2mRNA只在心肌中检测到。结论：Ⅱ、Ⅳ型PLA2广泛存在于循环系统中,在宿主防御细菌感染及炎症中发挥作用。Ⅴ型PLA2分布在心脏及近心脏的血管中,可能与心血管内皮细胞的病变有关。     

金属离子对湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2活性的影响

测定结果示,对湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ２,Ｋ＋可使酶活性增加,而Ｆｅ３＋等则不同程度地抑制酶活性     

分泌型磷脂酶A_2家族及其受体

磷脂酶Ａ2 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＡ2 ,ＰＬＡ2 )的系统名为磷脂酰 2 脂酰水解酶 (ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌ ｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ 2 ａｃｙｌｈｙｄｒｏｌａｓｅ)。根据其存在位置可分为细胞内型ＰＬＡ2 (ｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒＰＬＡ2 )和分泌型ＰＬＡ2 (ｓｅｃｒｅｔｅｄＰＬＡ2 ,ｓＰＬＡ2 )两种。ｓＰＬＡ2 可以催化甘油磷酸酯的 2位酰键水解 ,生成游离脂肪酸和溶血酸脂。因为其产物在细胞信号转导及生物活性脂 (包括花生四烯酸、血小板活性因子等 )的生物合成中起重要作用 ,所以ＰＬＡ2 被普遍认为是控制脂介质前体释放的核心…     

Acidimetric assay for phospholipase A using egg yolk suspension as substrate

A convenient acidimetric assay for phospholipase A using egg yolk suspension as substrate has been developed. The substrate mixture consists of 1 part egg yolk, 1 part 8.1 mM sodium deoxycholate, and 1 part 18 mM calcium chloride. Phospholipase A activity is measured by following the initial rate of pH change, which is linear between pH 8.0 and 7.75 and is proportional to enzyme concentration over a wide range. The assay is highly reproducible, with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and as sensitive as most established assays for phospholipase A. The assay uses inexpensive and easily available substrate and is simple to perform. It is particularly useful for monitoring phospholipase A activity in chromatography fractions.     

The role of Asp-49 and other conserved amino acids in phospholipases A2 and their importance for enzymatic activity

The role of aspartic acid-49 (Asp-49) in the active site of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 was studied by recombinant DNA techniques: two mutant proteins were constructed containing either glutamic acid (Glu) or lysine (Lys) at position 49. Enzymatic characterization indicated that the presence of Asp-49 is essential for effective hydrolysis of phospholipids. Conversion of Asp-49 to either Glu or Lys strongly reduces the binding of Ca2+ ions, in particular for the lysine mutant, but the affinity for substrate analogues is hardly affected. Extensive purification of naturally occurring Lys-49 phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus yielded a protein that was nearly inactive. Inhibition studies showed that this residual activity was due to a small amount of contaminating enzyme and that the Lys-49 homologue itself has no enzymatic activity. Our results indicate that Asp-49 is essential for the catalytic action of phospholipase A2. The importance of Asp-49 was further evaluated by comparison of the primary sequences of 53 phospholipases A2 and phospholipase homologues showing that substitutions at position 49 are accompanied by structural variations of otherwise conserved residues. The occurrence of several nonconserved substitutions appeared to be a general characteristic of nonactive phospholipase A2 homologues.     

蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A_2的空间晶体生长

对血小板聚集抑制剂—蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A_2结晶研究的基础上,进行了空间结晶买验,与地面对照实验结果比较,空间的微重力环境对该酶的晶体生长有明显的改进作用.     

蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A_2的空间晶体生长

对血小板聚集抑制剂—蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A_2结晶研究的基础上,进行了空间结晶买验,与地面对照实验结果比较,空间的微重力环境对该酶的晶体生长有明显的改进作用.     

Lipid levels in sperm, eggs, and during fertilization in Xenopus laevis

Critical developmental periods, such as fertilization, involve metabolic activation, membrane fusion events such as sperm-egg or plasma membrane-cortical granule merger, and production and hydrolysis of phospholipids. However, there has been no large-scale quantification of phospholipid changes during fertilization. Using an enzymatic assay, traditional FA analysis by TLC and gas chromatography, along with a new method of phospholipid measurement involving HPLC separation and evaporative light-scattering detection, we report lipid levels in eggs, sperm, and during fertilization in Xenopus laevis. Sperm were found to contain different amounts of phospholipids as compared with eggs. During fertilization, total phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine decreased, and ceramide increased, whereas there was no change in phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, or phosphatidylethanolamine. FA analysis of phospholipids found numerous changes during fertilization. Because there is an increase in sn-1,2-diacylglycerol at fertilization, the FAs associated with this increase and the source of the increase in this neutral lipid were examined. Finally, activation of phospholipase C, phospholipase D, phospholipase A2, autotoxin, and sphingomyelinase at fertilization is discussed.     

Refined structure of basic phospholipase A2 from venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas in orthorhombic crystal form I at 0.25 nm resolution

The basic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas is a potent hemolytic toxin and anticoagulant. The accurate rotation and translation parameters of the molecules in orthorhombic crystal form I were successfully obtained using the fitting refinement technique. The structure was refined in the resolution range of 0. 6-0.25 nm using least square refinement with non-crystallographic two fold symmetry restraint, and resulted in the final R factor of 20.1 % , and the rms deviations from ideal stereochemistry were 0. 001 3 nm for bond lengths and 1. 32° for bond angles. The overall architecture of the present structure was similar to that of the determined structure of the orthorhombic crystal form Ⅱ, with a few differences in the regions of the β-wing and Ca²⁺-binding loop. The dimers formed by the two molecules in the asymmetric unit in both crystal forms were also similar. However, one of the monomers showed an orientational difference of 5.5° along the dimer interface in the two crystal forms, suggesting the flexibility of the interface of the dimer to some degree. The molecular packing of the dimer in crystal form I was much more compact than that in crystal form Ⅱ.     

Role of phospholipids in the lipophorin particles of Rhodnius prolixus.

The lipophorin of Rhodnius prolixus metabolically labelled with 32P exclusively in the phospholipid moiety was purified on a potassium bromide gradient and treated with phospholipase A2 in the presence of an excess of fatty acid-free albumin. The treatment completely removed the phospholipids from the particles and generated [32P]-lysophosphatidylcholine, [32P]-lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and free fatty acids that remained bound to albumin. The phospholipid-depleted lipophorin particles remained soluble, indicating that phospholipids are not essential in maintaining the stability of the particles in aqueous solution. Complete removal of phospholipids did not affect the association of apolipophorin III with lipophorin particles. Lipophorin density increased slightly from 1.120 to 1.134 g/ml after treatment. The phospholipid-depleted particles also retained their ability to be recognized and loaded in vitro with phospholipids delivered by the fat body, thus supporting the concept of lipophorin's role as a reusable lipid shuttle for phospholipids.     

Refined structure of basic phospholipase A2 from venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas in orthorhombic crystal form I at 0.25 nm resolution

The basic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas is a potent hemolytic toxin and anticoagulant. The accurate rotation and translation parameters of the molecules in orthorhombic crystal form I were successfully obtained using the fitting refinement technique. The structure was refined in the resolution range of 0. 6-0.25 nm using least square refinement with non-crystallographic two fold symmetry restraint, and resulted in the final R factor of 20.1 % , and the rms deviations from ideal stereochemistry were 0. 001 3 nm for bond lengths and 1. 32° for bond angles. The overall architecture of the present structure was similar to that of the determined structure of the orthorhombic crystal form Ⅱ, with a few differences in the regions of the β-wing and Ca2 -binding loop. The dimers formed by the two molecules in the asymmetric unit in both crystal forms were also similar. However, one of the monomers showed an orientational difference of 5.5° along the dimer interface in the two cr